CHAPTER 2
Prepared by: Dr. Noryani Muhammad
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard 1work!!
2.1 The Normal Dist.
2.2 The Standard
Normal Dist.
2.3 Standardizing a
Normal Dist.
2.4 Sampling Dist. for
sample
2.5 Sampling Dist. For
proportion
Lesson Outcomes:
Understand the normal
distribution.
Apply the normal and
standard normal distribution
for sample and proportion.
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard 2work!!
2.1 The Normal Distribution
* The most important requirement in analyze of data set and
most widely used
*If X is a continuous random variable with parameters μ and σ for
and σ > 0 , then the normal distribution is given by the
function
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Properties of Normal Distribution
1. The total area under the curve is 1.0
2. The curve is symmetric about the mean
3. The two tails of the curve extend indefinitely
Each different set of value of μ and σ gives a different normal distribution:
>μ-determines the center of a normal curve
>σ-give the spread of a curve
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Normal Distribution
Equal mean but diff value of Equal standard deviation
Standard deviation but diff value of mean
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.2 The Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution: μ= 0 and σ= 1
Methods in finding the area under a standard normal curve:
1.Find the area to the left of Z = z0
2.Find the area to the right of Z = z0
3.Find the area between Z = -z0 and Z = z0
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Normal (Z) Table
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Normal Distribution
Example:
1. Given a standard normal distribution, find the area under the curve that lies:
(a) to the right of z = 1.84.
(b) between z = – 1.97 and z = 0.86.
Solution:
a)
b)
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Normal Distribution
Example:
2. Given a standard normal distribution, find the value of k such that:
(a) P(Z > k) = 0.3015
(b) P(k < Z < −0.18) = 0.4197
Solution:
a)
b)
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Exercise 4.6(pg 85)
Find the probabilities that a random variable having the
standard normal
distribution will take on a value:
(a) between 0.87 and 1.28
(b) between – 0.34 and 0.62
(c) greater than 0.85
(d) greater than –0.65
(e) greater than 5.86
(f) less than − 4.73
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Exercise 4.7 (pg 86)
Find z if the probability that a random variable having the
standard
normal distribution will take on a value:
(a) less than z is 0.9911
(b) greater than z is 0.1093
(c) greater than z is 0.6443
(d) less than z is 0.0217
(e) between - z and z is 0.9298
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.3 Standardizing a Normal Distribution
The process of convert an x-value to a normal z-value
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.3 Standardizing a Normal Distribution
Step for finding the area under any normal curve/ finding the
probability
1.Convert the value of x to z-score
2.Draw a standard normal curve with putting the z-values
3.Shade the desired area on the curve
4.Find the area under the standard normal curve.
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.3 Standardizing a Normal Distribution
Example:
1. Given a random variable x having a normal distribution with mean equal to 50 and
a standard deviation of 10, find the probability that x assumes a value between 45 and
62.
Solution:
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.3 Standardizing a Normal Distribution
Example:
An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a life, before burnout, that is
normally distributed with mean equal to 800 hours and a standard deviation of 40
hours. Find the probability that a bulb burns between 778 and 834 hours.
Solution:
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Exercise 4.8 (pg 87)
Given the normally distributed variable X with mean 18
and standard deviation 2.5, find:
(a) a. P(X < 15)
(b) the value of k such that P(X < k) = 0.2236
(c) the value of k such that P(X > k) = 0.1814
(d) d. P(17 < X < 21)
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Exercise 4.7 (pg 86)
If the amount of cosmic radiation to which a person is exposed while
flying by jet is a random variable having the normal distribution with
mean equal to 4.35 mrem and standard deviation of 0.59 mrem, find
the probabilities that the amount of cosmic radiation to which a
person will be exposed on such a flight is:
(a) between 4.00 and 5.00 mrem
(b) at least 5.50 mrem
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.4 Sampling Dist. for Sample Mean
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Examples
Example 1
The amount of time that a telemarketer spends on a customer is a random variable
with a mean 3.2 minutes and a standard deviation of 1.6 minutes. A random sample
of 64 customers is selected from a normally distributed population, find the
probability that the mean time of this sample is
a) at most2.7minutes.
b) more than3.5minutes.
c) at least 3.2 minutes but less than 3.4 minutes.
Example 2
The average and standard deviation life of a bread-making machine is 7 years and
1 year respectively. A random sample of 9 such machines is selected from a
normally distributed population. Find;
a)The probability that the mean life of such machines falls between 6.4 and
7.5 years
b)The probability that the mean life is more than the population mean by at
least 2 standard deviation.
c)The value of sample mean to the right of which 15% of the mean computed
would fall.
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Solution Example 2
a)
Solution Example 1
a)
b)
b)
c)
c)
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
Exercise 1
Suppose that a printer needs and average of Y minutes to print several designs. Given that
the standard deviation to print all design is 1.4 minutes. If a random sample of 49 designs is
selected.
a) What is the value of Y so that there is 99% chance that the sample mean will be at least
13.634 minutes?
b) Find the probability that the sample mean will be below 13.5 or above 14.8 minutes.
Exercise 2
The height of all adults is a normally distributed with the mean of 68 inches and standard
deviation of 4 inches. Find the probability that the mean height of a random sample of 100
adults selected would be:
a) Between 67.5 inches and 68.7 inches.
b) Within 0.6 inch of the population mean.
c) Less than the population mean by 0.5 inch or more.
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.4 Sampling Dist. for Sample Proportion
p- population proportion
p^-sample proportion
Population and sample proportion
Example 2.10
Suppose there are 4351 engineering students in UteM and 378 of them have not sat for their
MUET exam. Then, the proportion of UTeM engineering students who have sat for their
MUET exam is:
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.4 Sampling Dist. for Sample Proportion
Mean and Standard Deviation of p^
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
2.4 Sampling Dist. for Sample Proportion
Example 2.11
According to the QA inspector of Southern Electronic Corp., the
company will produce 3% defective electric diodes everyday. If a
random sample of 100 electric diodes is inspected for being good or
defective, let pˆ be the proportion of good electric diodes in the
sample. What is the probability that pˆ is between 0.94 and 0.95?
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Test your understanding….
A fast food outlet claims that 53% of their customers favor a certain type of pizza.
Assume that this claim is true. What is the probability that in a random sample of
400 customers, less than 49% will favor this pizza?
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Review Exercises….
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
Review Exercises….
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
-End of Chapter 2-
Dr. Noryani Muhammad
Excellent does not an accident, but it comes through a hard work!!
