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JOHN BUNYAN
 The
Pilgrims Progress
 >°*-M

COPYRIGHT,
1890, 1917, BY

GINN AND COMPANY

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

317.11

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GINN AND COMPANY PRO- •

PRIETORS BOSTON U.S.A.

• •

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D

PREFATORY NOTE

This edition has been carefully edited and abridged

for the use of schools. It includes a sketch of Bunyan's
life and such brief footnotes as the text requires. The
second part of the Pilgrim s Progress has been omitted,
since, to quote the words of Froude, it is but " a feeble
reverberation of the first."

m
 JOHN BUNYAN

John Bunyan was born in Elstow, Bedfordshire,

England, in 1628. Bunyan's father was a tinker, or
mender of pots and kettles. Bunyan himself, was
brought up to the same trade. He says, " My descent
was of a low and inconsiderable generation, my father's
house being of that rank that is meanest and most de-
spised of allthe families of the land."
Bunyan learned reading and writing " according," he
says, " to the rate of other poor men's children." That
littlehe soon lost " almost utterly."
When he reached the age of sixteen he appears to
have served in one of the armies of the Civil War then
raging in England between King Charles I. and the
forces raised by Parliament but it is impossible to say
;

with certainty whether he fought for or against the

crown. At the close of the war Bunyan went back to
Elstow and resumed his tinker's trade.
He married when about twenty, and he tells us that
he and his wife were " as poor as poor might be, with-
out so much household stuff as a dish or spoon between
them."
In 1655 Bunyan moved to Bedford, a little more than
a mile from Elstow. He had been converted, and now
began to speak in public on matters of religion. Crowds
came to hear the once blaspheming tinker who had
turned preacher. But though the "common people
heard him gladly," yet the country parsons and doctors
vi JOHN BUNYAN
of divinity were exceedingly wroth with this presumpt-
uous tinker who "strove to mend souls as well as
kettles and pans."
On the restoration of Charles II. severe acts were
passed against those who refused to attend the services
of the Church England. Bunyan, as an itinerant
of
preacher of doctrines not fully in accord with that
church, was especially obnoxious to those who upheld
the law. As he refused to stop preaching, he was
finally arrested and convicted of having " devilishly
and perniciously abstained from coming to church."
He was sentenced to the county jail, and there, with the
exception of a short period, he remained a prisoner for
twelve years (1660-1672). This jail or the town jail —
for he seems to have been imprisoned in both was the —
"den" of which he speaks in the opening lines of
;
" Pilgrim's Progress " and if it was as filthy and as
miserably kept as most prisons were at that time in
England, then the word " den " exactly describes it.
But in his marvellous dream of " A Pilgrimage from
this World to the Next" (published in 1678), Bunyan
forgot his squalid surroundings. Like Milton, in his
blindness, loneliness, and poverty, he looked within and
found that
" The mind is its own place, and in itself
Can make a heaven of hell."

Bunyan's chief writings besides " The Pilgrim's Prog-

ress " were u The Life and Death of Mr. Badman," and
" The Holy War " though he published in all about forty
;

other books great and small, and after his death, in 1688,
some ten or twelve more were issued bearing his name.
Lord Macaulay says of Bunyan, " Though there
were many clever men during the latter part of the
seventeenth century, there were only two great creative
 "

JOH.V BUNYAN vii

minds. One of those minds produced the 4

Paradise
Lost,' the other, the ' Pilgrim's Progress.'
But aside from its literary merit the "Pilgrim's
Progress " is interesting for the glimpses it gives of the
history of the times. " Vanity Fair " is said to have
been suggested by the great fair at Sturbridge, near
Cambridge, England, as Bunyan saw it, though of
course only the dark side of it appears in the allegory.
Again, as Macaulay remarks, there can be no reason-
able doubt that the proceedings against Faithful at the
fair are intended to satirize " the shameless partiality
and ferocious insolence " of the judges in the state trials
conducted under Charles II.
" In fact," says the historian, " the imaginary trial of
Faithful before a jury of personified vices was just and
merciful when compared with the real trial of Lady
Alice Lisle before that tribunal where all the vices sat
in the person of Jeffries."
We cannot close this sketch better than by quoting
the last lines of Bunyan's quaint " Apology for his
Book " :
—
" Would'st read thyself, and read thou know'st not what,
Oh then come hither,
And lay my book, thy head, and heart together."
John Bunyan

D II M.
CHRISTIAN
 THE
PILGRIMS PROGRESS
THE FIRST STAGE
As walked through the wilderness of this world,
I

I lighted on a certain place where was a den, and laid

1

me down in that place to sleep and as I slept, I ;

dreamed a dream. I dreamed, and behold, I saw a man

clothed with rags standing in a certain place, with his
face from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great
burden upon his back. I looked and saw him open the
book, and read therein and as he read he wept and
;

trembled and not being able longer to contain, he

;

brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, " What shall

I do?"
In this plight, therefore, he went home, and re-

strained himself as long as he could, that his wife and

children should not perceive his distress but he could ;

not be silent long, because that his trouble increased.

Wherefore at length he brake his mind to his wife and
children, and thus he began to talk to them. " Oh, my
dear wife," said he, " and you the children of my heart,
I, your dear friend, am in myself undone by reason

1 Bedford Jail, England, in which the author was a prisoner for con-
science' sake. See page vi.

1
2 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
of a burden that lieth hard upon me moreover, I am
;

certainly informed that this our city will be destroyed;

in which fearful overthrow, both myself, with thee my
wife, and you my sweet babes, shall miserably come to
ruin, except (the which yet I see not) some way of
escape can be found whereby we may be delivered."
At this his relations were sore amazed not for that
;

they believed that what he had said to them was true,

but because they thought that some strange distemper
had got into his head therefore, it drawing towards
;

night, and they hoping that sleep might settle his

brains, with all haste they got him to bed. But the
night was as troublesome to him as the day; where-
fore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs and tears.
So when the morning was come, they would know how
he did. He told them, " Worse and worse " he also
;

set to talking to them again but they began to be

;

hardened. They also thought to drive away his distem-

per by harsh and surly treatment of him; sometimes
they would deride, sometimes they would chide, and
sometimes they would quite neglect him. Wherefore
he began to retire himself to his chamber to pray for
and pity them, and also to condole his own misery; he
would also walk solitarily in the fields, sometimes read-
ing, and sometimes praying ;and thus for some days
he spent his time.
Now I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in
was (as he was wont) reading in his
the fields, that he
book, and greatly distressed in his mind; and as he
read, he burst out, as he had done before, crying,
" What do to be saved ? "
shall I
I saw also that he looked this way, and that way, as
if he would run yet he stood still, because (as I per-
;

ceived) he could not tell which way to go. I looked

 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 3

then,and saw a man named Evangelist 1 coming to him,

and he said, " Wherefore dost thou cry?
'

He answered, " Sir, I perceive, by the book in my

hand, that I am condemned to die, and after that to
come to judgment and I find that I am not willing to
;

do the nor able to do the second."

first,

Then said Evangelist, " Why not willing to die, since

this life is attended with so many evils ? " The man
"
answered, Because I fear that this burden that is upon
my back will sink me lower than the grave. And, sir,
if I be not fit to go to prison, I am not fit to go to

judgment, and from thence to execution; and the

thoughts of these things make me cry."
Then said Evangelist, " If this be thy condition,
why standest thou still ? " He answered, " Because I
know not whither to go." Then he gave him a roll of
parchment, and there was written within, " Fly from
the wrath to come."
The man therefore read it, and, looking upon Evan-
gelist very carefully, said, "Whither must I fly?'"
Then said Evangelist (pointing with his finger over a
"
very wide field), " Do you see yonder wicket-gate ? 2
The man said, " No." Then said the other, " Do you
see yonder shining light ? " He said, " 1 think I do."
Then said Evangelist, " Keep that light in your eye,
and go up directly thereto, so shalt thou see the gate ;

at which, when thou knockest, it shall be told thee

what thou shalt do." saw in my dream that the
So I

man began to run. Now he had not run far from his
own door when his wife and children, perceiving it, be-
gan to cry after him to return but the man put his ;

fingers in his ears and ran on, crying " Life life eter- : ! !

1
Evangelist : Bringer of glad tidings ; bearer of the good news of God.
2 Wicket-gate : A little gate or door.
 ;

4
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
nal life So he looked not behind him, but
!
" fled
towards the middle of the plain.
The neighbors also him run, and as
came out to see
he ran, some mocked, others threatened, and some cried
after him to return and among those that did so, there
;

were two *that resolved to fetch him back by force.

The name of the one was Obstinate, and the name of
the other Pliable. Now by this time the man was got
a good distance from them, but, however, they were re-
solved to pursue him, which they did, and in a little
time they overtook him. Then said the man, " Neigh-
bors, wherefore are ye come ? " They said, " To per-
suade you to go back with us." But he said, "That
can by no means be you dwell," said he, " in the city
:

of Destruction, the place also where I was born I see :

it to be so and dying there, sooner or later you will

;

sink lower than the grave be content, good neighbors,

:

and go along with me."

Obst. What, said Obstinate, and leave our friends
and our comforts behind us !

Chr. Yes, said Christian (for that was his name),

because that all which you forsake is not worthy to be
compared with a little of that I am seeking to enjoy
and if you will go along with me, and hold it, you shall
fare as I myself for there, where I go, is enough and
;

to spare. Come away, and prove my words.

Obst. What are the things you seek, since you leave
all the world to find them?
Chr. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled,
and that fadeth not away and it is laid up in heaven,
;

and safe there, to be bestowed, at the time appointed,

on them that diligently seek it. Read it so, if you will,
in my book.
EVANGELIST
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 5

Obst. Nonsense, said Obstinate, away with your

book will you go back with us or no ?
:

Chr. No, not I, said the other, because I have laid

my hand to the plough.
Obst. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us turn
again, and go home without him there is a company :

of these crazy-headed coxcombs, that when they take a

fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven
men that can render a reason.
Pli. Then said Pliable, Don't revile if what good ;

Christian says is true, the things he looks after are

better than ours my heart inclines to go with my
:

neighbor.
Obst. What, more fools still Be ruled by me, and !

go back who knows whither such a brain-sick fellow

;

will lead you ? Go back, go back, and be wise.

Chr. Nay, but do thou come with thy neighbor
Pliable there are such things to be had which I spoke
;

of, and many more glories besides. If you believe not

me, read here in this book and for the truth of what is
;

expressed therein, behold, all is confirmed by the blood

of Him that made it.
Pli. Well, neighbor Obstinate, said Pliable, I begin
tocome to a point I intend to go along with this good
;

man, and to cast in my lot with him but, my good ;

companion, do you know the way to this desired place ?

Chr. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evan-
gelist, to speed me to a little gate that is before us,
where we shall receive instructions about the way.
Pli. Come then, good neighbor, let us be going.
Then they went both together.
Obst. And go back to my place, said Obsti-
I will
nate ; I will be no companion of such misled, fantasti-
cal fellows.
6 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Now I saw in my
dream, that when Obstinate was
gone back, Christian and Pliable went talking over the
plain and thus they began their discourse.
;

Chr. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do ? I

am glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had
even Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the
powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not
thus lightly have given us the back.
Pli. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are
none but us two here, tell me now further, what the
things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we are
going.
Chr. I can better conceive of them with my mind,
than speak of them with my tongue but yet, since ;

you are desirous to know, I will read of them in my

book.
Pli. And do you think that the words of your book
are certainly true ?

Chr. Yes, verily ; for it was made by Him that can-

not lie.

Pli. Well, my
good companion, glad am I to hear
of these things come on, let us mend our pace.
:

Chr. I cannot go as fast as I would, by reason of

this burden that is on my back.
Now I saw in my dream that just as they had ended
this talk, they drew nigh to a very miry slough that
was in the midst of the plain and they being heedless,
:

did both suddenly into the bog. The name of the

fall
slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed
for a time, being grievously bedaubed with dirt and ;

Christian, because of the burden that was on his back,

began to sink in the mire.
Pli. Then said Pliable, Ah, neighbor Christian,
where are you now ?
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS h

Che. Truly, said Christian, I do not know.

Pli. At this Pliable began and an-
to be offended,
grily said to his fellow, Is this the happiness you have
told me all this while of? If we have such ill speed at
our first setting out, what may we expect between this
and our journey's end ? May I get out again with my
life, you shall possess the brave country alone for me.

And with that he gave a desperate struggle or two, and

got out of the mire on that side of the slough which
was next to his own house so away he went, and
:

Christian saw him no more.

Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough
of Despond alone but still he endeavored to struggle
;

to that side of the slough that was farthest from his

own house, and next to the wicket-gate the which he
;

did, but could not get out because of the burden that
was upon his back but I beheld in my dream, that a
:

man came to him, whose name was Help, and asked

him what he did there.
Chk. Sir, said Christian, I was bid to go this way
by a man called Evangelist, who directed me also to
yonder gate, that I might escape the wrath to come.
And as I was going thither, I fell in here.
Help. But why did not you look for the steps ?
Cjhr. Fear followed me so hard that I fled the next
way, and fell in.
Help. Then said he, Give me thine hand so he gave
:

him his hand, and he drew him out, and he set him
upon sound ground, and bid him go on his way.
Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and
said, " Sir, wherefore, since over tiiis place is the way
from the yonder gate, is it, that
city of Destruction to
this plat is not mended, that poor travellers might go
thither with more security ? " And he said unto me,
8 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
" This miry slough such a place as cannot be mended
is ;

it is the descent whither the scum and filth that at-

tends conviction for sin doth continually run, and

therefore it is called the Slough of Despond for still,
;

as the sinner is awakened about his lost condition,

there arise in his soul manyand doubts, and dis-
fears
couraging apprehensions, which all of them get to-
gether, and settle in this place and this is the reason
:

of the badness of this ground.

" It is not the pleasure of the King that this place
should remain so bad. His laborers also have, by the
direction of his Majesty's surveyors, been for above these
sixteen hundred years employed about this patch of
ground, if perhaps it might have been mended —
yea,
and to my knowledge," said he, " there have been
swallowed up at least twenty thousand cartloads, yea,
millions of wholesome instructions, that have at all
seasons been brought from all places of the King's
dominions (and they that can tell, say, they are the best
materials to make good ground of the place), if so be
it might have been mended but it is the Slough of
;

Despond still, and so will be when they have done what

they can.
" True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver,
certain good and substantial steps, placed even through
the very midst of this slough but at such time as this
;

place doth much spew out its filth, as it doth against

change of weather, these steps are hardly seen or if ;

they be, men, through the dizziness of their heads, step

beside, and then they are bemired indeed, notwithstand-
ing the steps be there but the ground is good when
:

they are once got in at the gate."

Now I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable
was got home to his house. So his neighbors came to
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 9

him and some of them called him wise man for

visit ;

coming back, and some called him fool for hazarding

himself with Christian others again did mock at his
:

cowardliness, saying, " Surely, since you began to ven-

ture, Iwould not have been so base as to have given
out for a few difficulties." So Pliable sat sneaking
among them. But at last he got more confidence, and
then they all turned their tales, and began to deride
poor Christian behind his back. And thus much con-
cerning Pliable.
Now was walking solitarily by himself,
as Christian
he espied one afar off come crossing over the field to
meet him and their hap was to meet just as they were
;

crossing the way of each other. The gentleman's name

that met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman he dwelt in
:

the town of Carnal Policy, a very great town, and also

hard by from whence Christian came. This man then,
meeting with Christian, and having some slight knowl-
edge of him (for Christian's setting forth from the city
of Destruction was much noised abroad, not only in the
town where he dwelt, but also it began to be the town-
talk in some other places) —
Mr. Worldly Wiseman,
therefore, having some guess of him, by beholding his
laborious going, by observing his sighs and groans, and
the like, began thus to enter into some talk with
Christian.
World. How now, good fellow, whither away after

thisburdened manner ?
Chr. A burdened manner indeed, as ever I think
poor creature had And whereas you ask me, Whither
!

away ? I tell you, sir, I am going to yonder wicket-

gate before me for there, as I am informed, I
;
shall be
put into a way to be rid of my heavy burden.
World. Hast thou a wife and children ?
 ;

lO THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

Chr. Yes but I am so laden with this burden, that
;

I cannot take that pleasure in them as formerly me- :

thinks I am as if I had none.

World. Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give thee
counsel?
Chr. If it be good, I will for I stand in need of;

good counsel.
World. I would advise thee, then, that thou with
all speed get thyself rid of thy burden for thou wilt ;

never be settled in thy mind till then nor canst thou :

enjoy the benefits of the blessings which God hath be-

stowed upon thee till then.
Chr. That, is that which I seek for, even to be rid of
this heavy burden but get it off myself I cannot, nor is
:

there any man in our country that can take it off my

shoulders ; therefore I am going this way, as I told you,
that I may be rid of my burden.
World. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy
burden ?

Chr. A man that appeared to me to be a very great

and honorable person his name, as I remember, is
:

Evangelist.
World. beshrew x him for his counsel
I There is !

not a more dangerous and troublesome way in the world

than is that into which he hath directed thee and that ;

thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his counsel.

Thou has met with something, as I perceive, already
for T see the dirt of the Slough of Despond is upon
thee but that slough is the beginning of the sorrows
:

that do attend those that go on in that way. Hear me :

I am older than thou thou art like to meet with, in

:

the way which thou goest, wearisomeness, painfulness,

hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, lions, dragons, dark-
Beshrew : To wish a curse to.
PLIABLE
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS n
ness, and, in a word, death, and what not. These things
are certainly true, having been confirmed by many testi-
monies. And should a man so carelessly cast away
himself, by giving heed to a stranger?
Chr. Why, sir, this burden on my back is more ter-
rible to me than all these things which you have men-
tioned nay, methinks I care not what I meet with in
:

the way, if so be I can also meet with deliverance from

my burden.
World. How earnest thou by thy burden at first ?
Chr. By reading this book in my hand.
World. I thought so and it has happened unto
;

thee as to other weak men, who, meddling with things

too high for them, do suddenly fall into thy distractions ;

which distractions do not only unman men, as thine I

perceive have done thee, but they run them upon des-
perate ventures, to obtain they know not what.
Chr. I know what I would obtain it is ease from ;

my heavy burden.
World. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way,
seeing so many dangers attend it? especially since
(hadst thou but patience to hear me) I could direct
thee to the obtaining of what thou desirest, without the
dangers that thou in this way wilt run thyself into.
Yea, and the remedy is at hand. Besides, I will add,
that instead of those dangers, thou shalt meet with
much safety, friendship, and content.
Chr. I pray open this secret to me.
World. Why, in yonder village (the village is named
Morality) there dwells a gentleman whose name is Le-
gality, 1 a very judicious man, and a man of a very good
name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens
as thine is from their shoulders yea, to my knowledge,
;

1 Legality : here, Good Works.

 :

12 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

he hath done a great deal of good this way aye, and
;

besides, he hath skill to cure those that are somewhat

crazed in their wits with their burdens. To him, as I
said, thou mayest go and be helped presently. His
house is not quite a mile from this place and if he
;

should not be at home himself, he hath a nice young

man for his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it
(to speak on) as well as the old gentleman himself
there, I say, thou mayest be eased of thy burden and
;

if thou art not minded to go back to thy former habi-

tation (as indeed I would not wish thee), thou mayest

send for thy wife and children to this village, where
there are houses now standing empty, one of which
thou mayest have at a reasonable rate provision is
:

there also cheap and good and that which will make
;

thy life the more happy is, to be sure there thou shalt
live by honest neighbors, in credit and good fashion.
Now was Christian somewhat at a stand but pres-
;

ently he concluded, If this be true which this gentle-

man hath said, my wisest course is to take his advice ;

and with that he thus further spake.

Chr. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's
house ?
World. Do you see yonder high hill ?
Chr. Yes, very well.
World. By that hill you must go, and the first
house you come at is his.
So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr.
Legality's house for help but, behold, when he was got
:

now hard by the hill, it seemed so high, and also that

side of it that was next the wayside did hang so much
over, that Christian was afraid to venture further, lest
the hill should fall on his head ; wherefore there he
stood still, and knew not what to do. Also his bur-
 :;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS !

3

den now seemed heavier to him than while he was in

his way. There came also flashes of fire out of the
hill, that made Christian afraid that he should be burnt
here therefore he did sweat and quake for fear. And
now he began had taken Mr. Worldly
to be sorry that he
Wiseman's counsel; and with that he saw Evangelist
coming to meet him, at the sight also of whom he
began to blush with shame. So Evangelist drew nearer
and nearer and coming up to him, he looked upon
;

him, with a severe and dreadful countenance, and thus

be^an to reason with Christian.
Evan. What doest thou here, Christian ? said he :

at which words Christian knew not what to answer ;

wherefore at present he stood speechless before him.

Then said Evangelist further, Art not thou the man
that I found crying without the walls of the city of
Destruction ?

Chr. Yes, dear sir, I am the man.

Evan. Did not I direct thee the way to the little
wicket-gate.
Chr. Yes, clear sir, said Christian.
Evan. How is it, then, thou art so quickly turned
aside ? For thou art now out of thy way.
Chr. I met with a gentleman so soon as I had got
over the Slough of Despond, who persuaded me that
I might, in the village before me, find a man that could

take off my burden.

Evan. What was he ?
Chr. He looked like a gentleman, and talked much
to me, and got me at last to yield so I came hither
:

and when I beheld this hill, and how it hangs over the
way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my
head.
Evan. What said that gentleman to you ?
 ;:

l^ THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

Chr. Why, he asked me whither I was going ; and
I told him.
Evan. And what said he then ?
Chr. He asked me if I had a family and I told ;

him. But, said I, I am so laden with the burden that

is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure in them as

formerly.
Evan. And what said he then ?
Chr. He bid me with speed get rid of my burden
and I told him it was ease that I sought. And, said I,
I am therefore going to yonder gate, to receive further
direction how I may get to the place of deliverance.
So he said that he would show me a better way, and
short, not so attended with difficulties as the way, sir,
that you set me in which way, said he, will direct you
;

to a gentleman's house that hath skill to take off these

burdens so I believed him, and turned out of that way
:

into this, if haply I might be soon eased of my bur-

den. But when I came to this place, and beheld things
as they are, I stopped, for fear (as I said) of danger
but I now know not what to do.
Evan. Then said Evangelist, Stand still a little,
that I show thee the words of God. So he stood trem-
bling. Then said Evangelist, " See that ye refuse not
Him that speaketh they escaped not who refused
; for if

him that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape,

if we turn away from Him that speaketh from heaven."

Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying,

Woe me, for I am undone
is At the sight of which
!

Evangelist caught him by the right hand, saying, " All

manner of sin and blasphemies shall be forgiven unto
men." " Be not faithless, but believing." Then did
Christian again a little revive, and stood up trembling,
as at first, before Evangelist.
MR. WORLDLY WISEMAN
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS Y
?

Then Evangelist proceeded,saying, Give more ear-

nest heed to the things that I shall tell thee. I will
now show thee who it was that deluded thee, and who
it was whom he sent thee. The man that met
also to
thee one Worldly Wiseman, and rightly is he so
is

called ; partly because he knoweth only the doctrine of

this world (therefore he always goes to the town of
Morality to church) and because he is of this worldly
;

temper, therefore he seeketh to pervert my ways,

though right. Now there are three things thou must
utterly abhor.
1. His turning thee out of the way.
2. His laboring to render the cross odious to thee.
3. And his setting thy feet in that way that leadeth
unto death.
This Legality, therefore, is not able to set thee free
from thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his
burden by him no, nor ever is like to be ye can not
; :

be justified by the works of the law for by the deeds ;

of the law no man living can be rid of his burden.

Therefore Mr. Worldly Wiseman is au alien, 1 and Mr.
Legality is a cheat and for his son Civility, notwith-
;

standing his simpering looks, he is but a hypocrite, and

can not help thee. Believe me, there is nothing in all
this noise that thou hast heard of these foolish men,
but a design to beguile thee of thy salvation, by turn-
ing thee from the way in which I set thee. After this,
Evangelist called aloud to the heavens for confirmation
of what he had said and with that there came words
;

and fire out of the mountain under which poor Chris-

tian stood, which made the hair of his flesh stand up.
The words were pronounced " As many as are of the ;

works of the law, are under the curse for it is written, ;

1
Alien : Foreigner or heathen.
l6 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things
which are written in the book of the law to do them."
Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and be-
gan to cry out lamentably, even cursing the time in
which he met with Mr. Worldly Wiseman still calling ;

himself a thousand fools for hearkening to his counsel.

He was also greatly ashamed to think that this gentle-
man's arguments, flowing only from the flesh, should
have the prevalency with him so far as to cause him to
forsake the right way. This done, he applied himself
again to Evangelist in words and sense as follows.
Chr. Sir, what think you? Is there any hope?
May I now go back, and go up to the wicket-gate? Shall
I not be abandoned for this, and sent back from thence
ashamed ? I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's
counsel; but may my sin be forgiven?
Evan. Then said Evangelist to him, Thy sin is very
great, for by it thou hast committed two evils : thou
hast forsaken the way that is good, to tread in forbid-
den paths. Yet will the man at the gate receive thee,
for he has good-will for men only, said he, take heed
;

that thou turn not aside again, lest thou "perish from
the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little."
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS '7

THE SECOND STAGE

Then and
did Christian address himself to go back ;

Evangelist, after he had kissed him, gave him one

smile and bid him God speed so he went on with ;

haste, neither spake he to any man by the way nor if ;

any man asked him, would he vouchsafe them an

answer. He went like one that was all the while
treading on forbidden ground, and could by no means
think himself safe, till again he was got into the way
which he had left to follow Mr. Worldly Wiseman's
counsel. So, in process of time, Christian got up to
the gate. Now, over the gate there was written,
" Knock, and it shall be opened unto you."
He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice. At
last there came a grave person to the gate, named
Goodwill, who asked who was there, and whence he
came, and what he would have.
Che,. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from
the city of Destruction, but going to Mount Zion,
am
that I may be delivered from the wrath to come. I

would therefore, sir, since I am informed that by this

gate is the way thither, know if you are willing to let
me in.

Good. I am willing with all my heart, said he ; and

with that he opened the gate.
So when Christian was stepping in, the other gave
him a pull. Then said Christian, What means that ?
The other told him, A little distance from this gate
there is erected a strong castle, of which Beelzebub is
the captain from whence both he and they that are
;
 8

1 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS

with him shoot arrows at those that come up to this
gate, if haply they may die before they can enter in.
Then said Christian, I rejoice and tremble. So when
he was got in, the man at the gate asked him who
directed him thither.
Chr. Evangelist bid me come hitherand knock, as
I did: and he said, that you, sir, would tell me what I
must do.
Good. An open door is set before thee, and no man
can shut it.

Chr. Now I begin to reap the benefit of my hazards.

Good. But how is it that you came alone?
Chr. Because none of my neighbors saw their dan-
ger as I saw mine.
Good. Did any of them know of your coming?
Chr. Yes, my wife and children saw me at the
first, and called after me to turn again also some of :

my neighbors stood crying and calling after me to re-

turn but I put my fingers in my ears, and so came on
;

my way.
Good. But did none of them follow you, to per-
suade you to go back ?
Chr. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable but when ;

they saw that they could not prevail, Obstinate went

railing back, but Pliable came with me a little way.
Good. But why did he not come through ?
Chr. We indeed came both together until we came
to the Slough of Despond, into the which we also sud-
denly fell. And then was my neighbor Pliable dis-
couraged, and would not venture farther. Wherefore,
getting out again on the side next to his own house, he
told me should possess the brave country alone for
1
him ; so he went his way, and I came mine he after ;

Obstinate, and I to this gate.

 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 19

Good. Then said Goodwill, Alas, poor man ; is the

celestial glory of so esteem with him, that he
little

counteth it not worth running the hazard of a few diffi-

culties to obtain it ?

Chr. Truly, said Christian, I have said the truth of

Pliable ; and if I should also say all the truth of my-
appear there is no betterment betwixt him
self, it will

and myself. It is true, he went back to his own house,

but I also turned aside to go into the way of death, be-
ing persuaded thereto by the worldly argument of one
Mr. Worldly Wiseman.
Good. Oh, did he light upon you ? What, he would
have had you seek for ease at the hands of Mr. Legal-
ity ! They are both of them a very cheat. But did
you take his counsel ?
Chr. Yes, as far as went to find out Mr.
I durst. I

Legality, until I thought that the mountain that stands

by his house would' have fallen upon my head where- ;

fore there was I forced to stop.

Good. That mountain has been the death of many,
and will be the death of many more it is well you es- :

caped being clashed in pieces by it.

Chr. Why truly I do not know what had become
of me there, had not Evangelist happily met me again
as I was musing in the midst of my dumps but it was ;

God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I had

never come hither. But now I am come, such a one as
I am, more fit indeed for death by that
mountain, than
thus to stand talking with my Lord. But oh, what
a

favor is this to me that yet I am admitted entrance

;

here !

Good. We make no objections against any, notwith-

standing all that they have done before they come
hither; they in nowise are cast out. And therefore,
20 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
good Christian, come a way with me, and I will
little

teach thee about the way thou must go. Look before
thee ; dost thou see this narrow way ? That is the way
thou must go. It up by the patriarchs,
was cast
prophets, Christ, and his apostles, and it is as straight
as a rule can make it this is the way thou must go.
;

Che. But, said Christian, are there no turnings nor

windings, by which a stranger may lose his way ?
Good. Yes, there are many ways lead out from this,
and they are crooked and wide but thus thou mayest :

distinguish the right from the wrong, the right only

being straight and narrow.
Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him
further, he could not help him off with his burden
if

that was upon his back. For as yet he had not got rid
thereof nor could he by any means get it off without
;

help.
He As to thy burden, be content to bear
told him, "
it until thou comest to the place of deliverance for ;

there it will fall from thy back of itself."

Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to
address himself to his journey. So the other told him,
that by that he was gone some distance from the gate,
he would come to the house of the Interpreter, 1 at
whose door he should knock, and he would show him
excellent things. Then Christian took his leave of his
friend, and he again bid him God speed.
Then he went on till he came at the house of the
Interpreter, where he knocked over and over. At last
one came to the door, and asked who was there.
Chr. Sir, here is a traveller, who was bid by an ac-
quaintance of the good man of this house to call here

1 Interpreter : The Holy Spirit.

 :

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 21

for my profit ; I would therefore speak with the master

of the house.
So he called for the master of the house, who, after
a little time, came to Christian, and asked him what
he would have.
Chr. Sir, said Christian, I am a man that am come
from the city of Destruction, and am going to the
Mount Zion and I was told by the man that stands at
;

the gate at the head of this way, that if I called here

you would show me excellent things, such as would be
helpful to me on my journey.
Inter. Then said Interpreter, Come in I will show ;

thee that which will be profitable to thee. So he com-

manded his man to light the candle, and bid Christian
follow him. So he had him into a private room, and
bid his man open a door the which when he had done,
;

Christian saw the picture of a very grave person hang-

ing up against the wall and this was the fashion of it
;

it had eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in its

hand, the law of truth was written upon its lips, the
world was behind its back it stood as if it pleaded
;

with men, and a crown of gold did hang over its head.
Now, said the Interpreter, I have showed thee this
picture first, because the man whose picture this is, is
the only man whom the Lord of the place whither thou
art going hath authorized to be thy guide in all diffi-
cult places thou mayest meet with in the way where- :

fore take good heed to what I have showed thee, and

bear well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy
journey thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee
right,but their way goes down to death.
Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a
very large parlor that was full of dust, because never
swept the which after he reviewed it a little while,
;
22 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. Now, when
he began to sweep, the dust began so abundantly to
fly about, that Christian had almost therewith been

choked. Then said the Interpreter to a damsel that

" "
stood by, Bring hither water, and sprinkle the room ;

the which when she had done, it was swept and

cleansed with pleasure.
Chr. Then said Christian, What means this ?
Inter. The Interpreter answered, This parlor is
the heart of a man that was never sanctified by the
sweet grace of the Gospel. The dust is his original
sin, and inward corruptions, that have defiled the whole
man. He that began to sweep at first, is the Law but ;

she that brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the Gos-
pel. Now whereas thou sawest, that so soon as the
first began to sweep, the dust did so fly about that the

room by him could not be cleansed, but that thou wast

almost choked therewith this is to show thee, that the
;

Law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its working)

from sin, doth revive, put strength into and increase it
in the soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it for ;

it doth not give power to subdue. Again, as thou saw-

est the damsel sprinkle the room with water, upon
which it was cleansed with pleasure, this is to show
thee, that when the Gospel comes, in the sweet and
precious influences thereof, to the heart, then, I say,
even as thou sawest the damsel lay the dust by sprink-
ling the floor with water, sois sin vanquished and sub-

dued, and the soul made clean through the faith of it,
and consequently fit for the King of glory to inhabit.
I saw moreover in my dream that the Interpreter
took him by the hand, and led him into a little room,
where sat two little children, each one in his chair.
The name of the eldest was Passion, and the name of
 ;
:

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

the other Patience. Passion seemed to be much dis-
contented, but Patience was very quiet. Then Christian
asked, " What is the reason of the discontent of
Passion ? "
The Interpreter answered, " The governor
of them would have him stay for his best things till the
beginning of the next year, but he will have all now
but Patience is willing to wait.
Then I saw came to Passion, and brought
that one
him a bag of and poured it down at his feet
treasure,
the which he took up and rejoiced therein, and withal
laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld but a while,
and he had lavished all away, and had nothing left him
but rags.
Chr. Then said Christian to the Interpreter, ex-
pound this matter more fully to me.
Inter. So he said, These two lads are figures;
Passion of the men of this world, and Patience of the
men of that which is to come ; for, as here thou seest,
Passion will have all now, this year, that is to say, in
this world ; so are themen of this world they must :

have all their good things now they cannot stay till
;

the next year, that is, until the next world, for their
portion of good. That proverb, " A bird in the hand is
worth two in the bush," is of more authority with them
than are all the divine testimonies of the good of the
world to come. But as thou sawest that he had quickly
lavished away, and had presently left him nothing
all
but rags, so will it be with all such men at the end of
this world.
Chr. Then said Christian, Now I see that Patience
has the best wisdom, and that upon many accounts.
1. Because he stays for the best things. 2. And also
because he will have the glory of his, when the other
has nothing but rags.
24 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Inter. Nay, you may add another, to wit, the glory
of the next world will never wear out but these are ;

suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not so much

reason to laugh at Patience because he had his good
things first as Patience will have to laugh at Passion
because he had his best things last, for first must give
place to last, because last must have his time to come ;

but last gives place to nothing, for there is not another

to succeed. He, therefore, that hath his portion first,
must needs have a time to spend it but he that hath ;

his portion last, must have it lastingly : therefore it is

said of Dives, " In thy lifetime thou receivedst thy

good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things but now :

he is comforted and thou art tormented."

Chr. Then I perceive it is not best to covet things
that are now but to wait for things to come.
;

Inter. You say truth : for the things that are

seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are
eternal. But though this be so, yet since things pres-
ent and our bodily appetite are such near neighbors one
to another ; and again, because things to come and
worldly sense are such strangers one to another there- ;

fore it is, that the first of these so suddenly fall into

agreement, and that distance is so continued between
the second.
Then saw in my dream that the Interpreter took
I
Christian by the hand and led him into a j)lace where
was a fire burning against a Avail, and one standing by
it, always casting much water upon it to quench it yet ;

did the fire burn higher and hotter.

Then said Christian, What means this?
The Interpreter answered, This fire is the work of
grace that is wrought in the heart; he that casts water
upon it, to extinguish and put it out, is the Evil One ;
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 25

but in that thou seest the fire, notwithstanding, burn

higher and hotter, thou shall also see the reason of that.
So he had him about to the back side of the wall, where
he saw a man with a vessel of oil in his hand, of the
which he did also continually cast (but secretly) into
the fire.

Then said Christian, What means this ?

The Interpreter answered, This is Christ, who con-
tinually, with the oil of his grace, maintains the work
already begun in the heart ; by the means of which,
notwithstanding what the Evil One can dcj, the souls
of his people prove gracious still. And in that thou
sawest that the man stood behind the wall to maintain
the fire ; this is to teach thee, that it ishard for the
tempted to see how this work of grace is maintained in
the soul.
saw also, that the Interpreter took him again by the
I
hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was
built a stately palace, beautiful to behold ; at the sight
ofwhich Christian was greatly delighted. He saw also
upon the top thereof certain persons walking, who were
clothed all in gold.
Then May we
go in thither ?
said Christian,
Then the Interpreter took him, and Jed him up
towards the door of the palace and behold, at the ;

door stood a great company of men, as desirous to go

in, but durst not. There also sat a man at a little dis-
tance from the door, at a table-side, with a book and
his inkstand before him, to take the names of them that
should enter therein he saw also that in the doorway
;

stood many men in armor to keep it, being resolved to

do to the men that would enter, what hurt and mischief
they could. Now was Christian somewhat in amaze.
At last when every man started back for fear of the
26 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
armed men, Christian saw a man of a very stout coun
tenance come up to the man that sat there to write,
saying, " Set down my name, sir ;
" the which, when he

had done, he saw the man draw his sword, and put a
helmet on his head, and rush towards the door upon the
armed men, who laid upon him with deadly force but ;

the man, not at all discouraged, fell to cutting and hack-

ing most fiercely. So after he had received and given
many wounds to those that attempted to keep him out,
he cut his way through them all, and pressed forward
into the palace at which there was a pleasant voice
;

heard from those that were within, even of those that

walked upon the top of the palace, saying,
" Come, come in,
Eternal glory thou shalt win."

So he went in,and was clothed with such garments as

they. Then Christian smiled, and said, I think veril}'
I know the meaning of this.

Now, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay, stay,

said the Interpreter, till I have showed thee a little
more, and after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he
took him by the hand again, and led him into a very
dark room, where there sat a man in an iron cage.
Now the man, to look on, seemed very sad he sat ;

with his eyes looking down to the ground, his hands

folded together, and he sighed as if he would break his
heart. Then said Christian, What means this ? At
which the Interpreter bid him talk with the man.
Then said Christian to the man, What art thou?
The man answered, I am what I was not once.
Che,. What wast thou once ?
Man. The man said, I was once a fair and flourish-
ing professor of religion, both in mine own eyes, and also
 ! ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 27

in the eyes of others :once was, as I thought, fair for

I
the celestial city, and had then even joy at the thoughts
that I should get thither.
Chr. Well, but what art thou now ?
Man. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up
in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot get out ; oh, now I
cannot
Chr. But how earnest thou into this condition ?
Man. I left off to watch and be sober
I gave way ;

to all my sinned against the light of the

desires ; I
world, and the goodness of God; I have grieved the
Spirit, and he is gone I tempted the Evil One, and he
;

is come to me ;I have provoked God to anger, and he

has left me : I have so hardened my heart, that I cannot
repent.
Inter. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Let
this man's misery be remembered by thee, and be an
everlasting caution to thee.
Chr. Well, said Christian, this is fearful God help !

me to watch and to be sober, and to pray that I may

shun the cause of this man's misery. Sir, is it not time
for me to go on my way now?
Inter. Tarry till I show thee one thing more, and
then thou shalt go on thy way.
So he took Christian by the hand again and led him
into a chamber where there was one rising out of bed
and as he put on his raiment, he shook and trembled.
Then said Christian, Why doth this man thus tremble ?
The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the rea-
son of his so doing.
So he began, and said, " This night, as I was in my
sleep, I dreamed, and behold the heavens grew exceed-
ing black also it thundered and lightened in most
;

fearful wise, that it put me into an agony. So I looked

 :

28 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

up in my
dream, and saw the clouds move at an unusual
rate upon which I heard a great sound of a trumpet,
;

and saw also a man sitting upon a cloud, attended with

the thousands of heaven they were all in flaming
:

fire also the heavens were in a burning flame.

; I heard
then a voice, saying, Arise, ye dead, and come to judg-
'

ment.' And with that the rocks rent, the graves

opened, and the dead that were therein came forth
some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward ;

and some sought to hide themselves under the moun-

tains."
Che,. But what was it that made you so afraid of
this sight ?
Man. Why,
thought that the day of judgment was
I
come, and that I was not ready for it but this fright- :

ened me most, that the angels gathered up several, and

left me behind. My conscience, too, afflicted me ; and,
as I thought, the Judge had always his eye upon me,
showing indignation in his countenance.
Then said the Interpreter to Christian, " Hast thou
"
considered all these things ?
Chr. Yes, and they put me in hope and fear.
Inter. Well, keep all things so in thy mind, that
they may be as a goad in thy sides, to prick thee for-
ward in the way thou must go. Then Christian began
to gird up his loins, and to address himself to his jour-
ney. Then said the Interpreter, "
The Comforter be
always with thee, good Christian, to guide thee in the
way that leads to the city." So Christian went on his
way.
THE INTERPRETER
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 2g

THE THIRD STAGE

Now I saw in my dream, that the highway up which
Christian was to go, was fenced on either side with a
wall, and that wall was called Salvation. Up this way,
therefore, did burdened Christian run, but not without
great difficulty, because of the load on his back.
He ran thus till he came at a place somewhat ascend-
ing ; and upon that place stood a cross, and a little
below, in the bottom, a sepulchre. So I saw in my
dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross,
his burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from
off his back, and began to tumble, and so continued to
do till it came to the mouth of the sepulchre, where it
fell in, and I saw it no more.

Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said

with a merry heart, " He hath given me rest by his
sorrow, and life by his death." Then he stood still a
while, to look and wonder for it was very surprising
;

to him that the sight of the cross should thus ease him
of his burden. He looked, therefore, and looked again,
even till the springs that were in his head sent the
waters down his cheeks. Now as he stood looking and
weeping, behold, three Shining Ones came to him, and
saluted him with, " Peace be to thee." So the first
said to him, " Thy " the second
sins be forgiven thee ;

stripped him and

of his rags, clothed him with change
of raiment the third also set a mark on his forehead,
;

and gave him a roll 1 with a seal upon it, which he bid

1 Roll : See page 32.

3° THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
him look on as he ran, and that he should give it in
at the celestial gate : so they went their way. Then
Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on singing.
I saw then in my dream, that he went on thus, even
until he came at the bottom, where he saw, a little out
of the way, three men fast asleep, with fetters upon
their heels. The name of the one was Simple, of an-
other Sloth, and of the third, Presumption.
Christian then seeing them lie in this case, went to
them, if peradventure he might awake them, and cried,
You are like them that sleep on the top of a mast, for
the Dead Sea is under you, a gulf that hath no bottom :

awake, therefore, and come away be willing also, and

;

I will help you off with your irons. He also told them,
If he that goeth about like a roaring lion comes by,
you will certainly become a prey to his teeth. With
that they looked upon him, and began to reply in this
sort :Simple said, I see no danger Sloth said, Yet a
;

little more sleep ; and Presumption said, Every tub

must stand upon its own bottom. And so they lay
down to sleep again, and Christian went on his way.
Yet he was troubled to think that men in that dan-
ger should so little esteem the kindness of him that so
freely offered to help them, both by awakening of them,
counselling of them, and proffering to help them off
with their irons. And as he was troubled thereabout,
he espied two men coming tumbling over the wall, on
the left hand of the narrow way and they made up
;

apace to him. The name of the one was Formalist, and

thename of the other Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they
drew up unto him, who thus entered with them into
discourse.
Chr. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither
do you go?
 ?

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS *!

Form, and Hyp. We were born in the land of Vain-

glory, and are going, for praise, to Mount Zion.
Chr. Why came you not in at the gate which stand-
eth at the beginning of the way ? Know ye not that
it is written, that " he that cometh not in by the door,
but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and
a robber "
Form, and Hyp. They said, that to go to the gate
for entrance was by all their countrymen counted too
far about and that therefore their usual way was to
;

make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as

they had done.
Chr. But will it not be counted a trespass against
the Lord of the city whither we are bound, thus to
violate his revealed will?
Form, and Hyp. They told him, that as for that,
he needed not to trouble his head thereabout for what ;

they did they had custom for, and could produce, if

need were, testimony that would Avitness it for more
than a. thousand j^ears.
Chr. But, said Christian, will you stand a trial at
law?
Form, and Hyp. They told him, that custom, it
being of so long standing as above a thousand years,
would doubtless now be admitted as a thing lawful by an
impartial judge: and besides, said they, if we get into
the way, what matter is it which way we get in ? If
we are in, we are in thou art but in the way, who, as
:

we came in at the gate and we also are in

perceive, ;

the way, that came tumbling over the wall wherein :

now is thy condition better than ours ?

Chr. I walk by the rule of my Master you walk :

by the rude working of your fancies. You are counted

thieves already by the Lord of the way: therefore I
32
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
think you will not be found true men at the end of the
way. You come in by yourselves without his direction,
and shall go out by yourselves without his mercy.
To this they made him but little answer only they ;

bid him look to himself. Then I saw that they went

on, every man in his way, without much conference one
with another, save that these two men told Christian,
that as to laws and ordinances, they doubted not but
that they should as conscientiously do them as he.
Therefore, said they, we see not wherein thou differest
from but by the coat that is on thy back, which wr as,
us,
as we think, given thee by some of thy neighbors.
Chr. By laws and ordinances you will not be
saved, since you came not in by the door. And as
for this coat that is on my back, it was given me by the
Lord of the place whither I go. And I take it as a
token of kindness to me; for I had nothing but rags
before. And besides, thus I comfort myself as I go.
Surely, think I, when I come to the gate of the city,
the Lord thereof will know me for good, since I have
his coat on my back a coat that he gave me freely
;

in the day that he stripped me of my rags. I have,

moreover, a mark in my forehead, of which perhaps
you have taken no notice, which one of my Lord's most
intimate associates fixed there in the day that my
burden fell off my shoulders. I will tell you, more-
over, that I had then given me a roll sealed, to com-
fort me by reading as I go on the way I was also bid
;

to give it in at the celestial gate, in token of my cer-

tain going in after it all which things I think you want,
:

and want them because you came not in at the gate.

To these things they gave him no answer only they;

looked upon each other, and laughed. Then I saw

that they all went on, save that Christian kept before,
HYPOCRISY
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 33

who had no more talk but with himself, and that some-
times sighingly, and sometimes comfortably also he :

would be often reading in the roll that one of the Shin-

ing Ones gave him, by which he was refreshed.
I beheld then, that they all went on till they came
to the foot of the hill Difficulty, at the bottom of which
there was a spring. There were also in the same place
two other ways besides that which came straight from
the gate one turned to the left hand, and the other to
:

the right, at the bottom of the hill but the narrow

;

way lay right up the hill, and the name of the going
up the side of the hill is called Difficulty. Christian
now went to the spring, and drank thereof to refresh
himself, and then began to go up the hill.
The other two also came to the foot of the hill. But
when they saw that the hill was steep and high, and
that there were two other ways to go and supposing;

also that these two ways might meet again with that
up which Christian went, on the other side of the hill
therefore they were resolved to go in those ways. Now
the name of one of those ways was Danger, and the
name of the other Destruction. So the one took the
way which is called Danger, which led him into a great
wood; and the other took directly up the way to
Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of
dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose
no more.
I looked then after Christian, to see him go up the
hill, where I perceived he fell from running to going,

and from going to clambering upon his hands and his

knees, because of the steepness of the place. Now
about midway to the top, of the hill was a pleasant
arbor, made by the Lord of the hill for the refresh-
ment of weary travellers. Thither, therefore, Christian
 :

34
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
got, where also he sat down to rest him
then he pulled :

his roll out of his bosom, and read therein to his com-
fort ; he also now began afresh to take a review of the
coat or garment that was given to him as he stood by
the cross. Thus pleasing himself awhile, he at last fell
into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which de-
tained him in that place until it was almost night and ;

in his sleep his roll fell out of his hand. Now, as he

was sleeping, there came one unto him, and awaked
him, saying, " Go to the ant, thou sluggard consider ;

her ways, and be wise." And

with that, Christian
suddenly started up, and sped him on his way, and
went apace till he came to the top of the hill.
Now when he was got up to the top of the hill,
there came two men running hard the name of the ;

one was Timorous, and of the other Mistrust to whom :

Christian said, Sirs, what's the matter? you run the

wrong way. Timorous answered, that they were going to
the city of Zion, and had got up that difficult place but, :

said he, the farther we go, the more danger we meet

with wherefore we turned, and are going back again.
;

Yes, said Mistrust, for just before us lie a couple of

lions in the way, whether sleeping or waking we knoAV
not and we could not think, if we came within reach,
;

but they would presently pull us in pieces.

Che. Then said Christian, You make me afraid ;

but whither shall I fly to be safe ? go back to my

If I
own country, I shall certainly perish there; if I can get
to the celestial city, I am sure to be in safety there : I

must venture. To go back is nothing but death : to go

forward is and life everlasting bevoncl it
fear of death
I will yet go forward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran
down the hill, and Christian went on his way. But
thinking again of what he had heard from the men, he
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 35

felt in hisbosom for his roll, that he might read there-

in and be comforted but he felt, and found it not.
;

Then was Christian in great distress, and knew not

what to do for he wanted that which used to relieve
;

him, and that which should have been his pass into the
celestial city. Here, therefore, he began to be much
perplexed, and knew not what to do. At last he be-
thought himself that he had slept in the arbor that is
on the side of the hill and falling down upon his
;

knees, he asked God's forgiveness for that foolish act,

and then went back to look for his roll. But all the
way he went back, who can sufficiently set forth the
sorrow of Christian's heart ? Sometimes he sighed,
sometimes he wept, and oftentimes he chid himself for
being so foolish as to fall asleep in that place, which was
erected only for a refreshment from his weari-
little

ness. Thus, therefore, he went back, carefully looking

on this side and on that, all the way as he went, if
happily he might find his roll, that had been his com-
fort so many times on his journey. He went thus till
he came again within sight of the arbor, where he sat
and slept but that sight renewed his sorrow the more,
;

by bringing again, even afresh, his evil of sleeping unto

his mind. Thus, therefore, he now went on, bewailing
his sinful sleep, saying, Oh, wretched man that I am,
that I should sleep in the daytime ! that I should sleep
in the midst of difficulty ! that I should so indulge the
flesh as to use that rest for ease to my flesh which the
Lord of the hill hath erected only for the relief of
the spirits of pilgrims ! How many steps have I taken
in vain ! Thus
happened to Israel for their sin they
it ;

were sent back again by the way of the Red Sea and ;

I am made to tread those steps with sorrow, which I

might have trod with delight, had it not been for this
 !

36 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

sinful sleep. How far might I have been on my way by
this time ! I am made to tread those steps thrice over,
which needed not to have trod but once yea, now also
I :

I am day is almost spent.

like to be benighted, for the
Oh, that I had not slept
Now by this time he was come to the arbor again,
where for a while he sat down and wept but at last ;

(as Providence would have it), looking sorrowfully down

under the seat, there he espied his roll, the which he
with trembling and haste catched up, and put it into
his bosom. But who can tell how joyful this man was
when he had gotten his roll again ? For this roll was
the assurance of his life, and acceptance at the desired
haven. Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, gave
thanks to God for directing his eye to the place where
it lay, and with joy and tears betook himself again to

his journey. But oh, how nimbly did he go up the

rest of the hill Yet before he got up, the sun went
!

down upon Christian and this made him again recall

;

the vanity of his sleeping to his remembrance and ;

thus he again began to condole with himself Oh, thou :

sinful sleep ! how for thy sake am I like to be benighted

in my journey I must walk without the sun, darkness
!

must cover the path of my feet, and I must hear the

noise of the doleful creatures, because of my sinful
sleep! Now also he remembered the story that Mis-
trust and Timorous told him of, how they were fright-
ened with the sight of the lions. Then said Christian
to himself again, These beasts range in the night for
their prey, and if they should meet with me in the
dark, how should I shift them? how should I escape
being by them torn in pieces ? Thus he went on his
way. But while he was bewailing his unhappy mis-
conduct, he lifted up his eyes, and behold, there was a
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 37

very stately palace before him, the name of which was
Beautiful, and it stood by the highway-side.
So I saw in my dream that he made haste, and went
forward, that if possible he might get lodging there.
Now before he had gone far, he entered into a very
narrow passage, which was about a furlong off the
Porter's lodge ;* and looking very narrowly before him
as he went, he espied two lions in the way. Now,
thought he, I see the dangers that Mistrust and
Timorous were driven back by. (The lions were
chained, but he saw not the chains.) Then he was
afraid, and thought also himself to go back after them
for he thought nothing but death was before him. But
the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watchful, per-
ceiving that Christian made a halt, as if he would go
back, cried unto him, saying, Is thy strength so small ?
Fear not the lions, for they are chained, and are placed
there for trial of faith where it is, and for discovery of
those that have none keep in the midst of the path,
:

and no hurt shall come unto thee.

Then I saw that he went on, trembling for fear of
the lions, but taking good heed to the directions of
the Porter he heard them roar, but they did him no
;

harm. Then he clapped his hands, and went on till

he came and stood before the gate where the Porter
was. Then said Christian to what
the Porter, Sir,
house is this? and may I lodge here to-night? The
Porter answered, This house was built by the Lord of
the hill, and he built it for the relief and security of
pilgrims. The Porter also asked whence he was and
whither he was going.
Chr. I am come from the city of Destruction, and
1
Porter's lodge : A house occupied by the porter who kept the gate of the
entrance to the palace grounds.
38 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
am going to Mount Zion but because the sun
: is now
set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here to-night.
Poet. What is your name ?

Chr. My name is now Christian, but my name at

the was Graceless.
first

Port. But how does it happen that you come so

late ? The sun is set.
Chr. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched
man that I am, I slept in the arbor that stands on
the hillside ! Nay, I had, notwithstanding that, been
here much sooner, but that in my sleep I lost my
roll, and came without it to the brow of the hill and ;

then feeling for it, and not finding it, I was forced with
sorrow of heart to go back to the place where I slept
my sleep, where I found it and now I am come. ;

Port. Well, I will call out one of the maidens of

this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring you in
to the rest of the family, according to the rules of the
house. So Watchful the porter rang a bell, at the
sound of which came out of the door of the house a
grave and beautiful damsel, named Discretion, and
asked why she was called.
The Porter answered, This man is on a journey
from the city of Destruction to Mount Zion; but
being weary and benighted, he asked me if he might
lodge here to-night : would call for
so I told him I
thee, who, after discourse had with him, mayest do as
seemeth thee good, even according to the law of the
house.
Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he
was going and he told her. She asked him, also, how
;

he got into the way and he told her. Then she asked
;

him what he had seen and met with in the way, and
he told her. And at last she asked his name. So he
DISCRETION
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS on

said, It is Christian ; have so much the more a

and I
desire to lodge here to-night, because, by what I per-
ceive, this place was built by the Lord of the hill for
the relief and security of pilgrims. So she smiled, but
the water stood in her eyes and, after a little pause,
;

she said, I will call forth two or three more of the

family. So she ran to the door, and called out Pru-
dence, Piety, and Charity, who, after a little more dis-
course with him, had him into the family; and many
of them meeting him at the threshold of the house,
said, Come in, thou blessed of the Lord this house
:

was built by the Lord of the hill on purpose to enter-

tain such pilgrims in. Then he bowed his head, and
followed them into the house. So when he was come
in and sat down, they gave him something to drink,
and consented together that, until supper was ready,
some of them should have some particular discourse
with Christian, for the best improvement of time; and
they appointed Piety, Prudence, and Charity to dis-
course with him.
Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking
together until supper was ready. So when they had
made ready, they sat down to meat. Now the table
was furnished with nice things, and with excellent wine,
and all their talk at the table was about the Lord of
the hill, about what he had done, and wherefore he did
what he did, and why he had builded that house and ;

by what they said, I perceived that he had been a great

warrior, and had fought with and slain him that had the
power of death but not without great danger to him-
;

self, which made me love him the more.

Thus they discoursed together till late at night

and after they had committed themselves to their Lord
for protection, they betook themselves to rest. The
4° THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, whose win-
dow opened towards the sun-rising. The name of the
chamber was Peace, where he slept till break of day,
and then he awoke and sang. So in the morning they
all got up ; and, after some more discourse, they told
him that he should not depart till they had shown him
the rarities of that place. And first they had him into
the study, where they showed him records of the
greatest antiquity in which, as I remember my dream,
;

they showed him that the Lord of the hill was the Son
of the Ancient of days. Here also was more fully
recorded the acts that he had done, and the names of
many hundreds that he had taken into his service and ;

how he had placed them in such habitations that could

neither be harmed by length of days, nor decays of
nature.
Then they read him some of the worthy acts that
to
some of his servants had done how they had sub-
;'

dued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained prom-

ises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence
edge of the sword, out of weakness
of fire, escaped the
were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, and turned
to flight the armies of the aliens.
Then they read again another part of the records of
the house, where it was shown how willing their Lord
was to receive into his favor any, even any, though
they in time past had offered great affronts to his per-
son and proceedings. Here also were several other
histories of many other famous things, of
which
all

Christian had a view, as of things both ancient and

modern, together with prophecies and predictions of
things that have their certain accomplishment, both to
the dread and amazement of enemies, and the comfort
and solace of pilgrims.
 ;;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS * Y

The next day they took him, and had him into the
armory, where they showed him all manner of equip-
ments which their Lord had provided for pilgrims, as
sword, shield, helmet, breastplate, of all-prayer, and
shoes that would not wear out. And there was here
enough of this to harness l
out as many men for the
service of their Lord as there be stars in the heaven for
multitude.
They showed him some of the things with
also
which some had done wonderful deeds.
of his servants
They showed him Moses' rod the hammer and nail ;

with which Jael slew Sisera; the pitchers, trumpets,

and lamps too, with which Gideon put to flight the
armies of Midian. Then they showed him the ox-goad
wherewith Shamgar slew six hundred men. They
showed him also the jawbone with which Samson did
such mighty feats. They showed him, moreover, the
sling and stone with which David slew Goliah of Gath
they showed him, besides, many excellent things, with
which Christian was much delighted. This done, they
went to their rest again.
Then I saw in my dream, that on the morrow he
got up to go forward, but they desired him to stay till
the next day also and then, said they, we will, if the
;

day be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains

which, they said, would yet further add to his comfort,
because they were nearer the desired haven than the
place where at present he was so he consented and
;

stayed. When the morning was up, they had him to

the top of the house, and bid him look south. So he
did, and behold, at a great distance, he saw most
pleasant mountainous country, beautified with woods,
vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers also, with springs
1 Harness : To arm from
; harness, an old word for armor.
a2 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
and fountains, very delectable to behold. Then he
asked the name of the country. They said it was
Immanuel's Land and it is as common, said they, as
;

this hill is, to and for all the pilgrims. And when thou
comest there, from thence thou mayest see to the gate
of the Celestial City, as the shepherds that live there
will make appear.
Nowhe bethought himself of setting forward, and
they were willing he should. But first, said they, let
us go again into the armory. So they did ; and when
he came there they armed him from head to foot
with the best armor, lest perhaps he should meet
with assaults in the way. He being therefore thus
equipped, walked out with his friends to the gate and ;

there he asked the Porter if he saw any pilgrim pass

by. Then the Porter answered, Yes.
Chr. Pray, did you know him ? said he.
Port. 1 asked his name, and he told me it was
Faithful.
Chr. Oh! said Christian, I know him; he is my
townsman, my near neighbor he comes from the place
;

where I was born. How far do you think he may be

before ?

Port. He is got by this time below the hill.

Chr. Well, said Christian, good Porter, the Lord
be with thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase
for the kindness thou hast showed me.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS a*

THE FOURTH STAGE

Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, Piety,
Charity, and Prudence would accompany him down to
the foot of the hill. So they went on together, repeat-
ing their former discourses, till they came to go down
the hill. Then said Christian, As it was difficult coming
up, so far as I can see, it is dangerous going down.
Yes, said Prudence, so it is ; for it is a hard matter for
a man go down into the valley of Humiliation, as
to
thou art now, and to meet with no fall or mishap by the
way; therefore, said she, we are come out to accom-
pany thee down the hill. So he began to go down the
hill, but very warily ; he caught a slip or two.
}~et

Then I saw in my dream, that these good com-

panions, when Christian was got down to the bottom
of the gave him a loaf of bread, a bottle of wine,
hill,

and a cluster of raisins and then he went on his way.

;

But now, in this valley of Humiliation, poor Chris-

tian was hard put to it for he had gone but a little
;

way before he espied a foul fiend coming over the field

to meet him his name is Apollyon.
: Then did Chris-
tian begin to be afraid, and to cast in his mind whether
to go back or to stand his ground. But he considered
again, that he had no armor for his back, and therefore
thought that to turn the back to him might give him
greater advantage with ease to pierce him with his
darts therefore he resolved to venture and stand his
;

ground for, thought he, had I no more in mine eye

:

than the saving of my life, it would be the best way to

stand.
44
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now the
monster was hideous to behold; he was clothed with
scales like a fish, and they are his pride he had wings ;

like a dragon, and feet like a bear and from him came;

fire and smoke ;mouth was as the mouth of a

and his
lion. When he was come up to Christian, he beheld
him with a disdainful countenance, and thus began to
question him.
Apollyon. Whence came you, and whither are you
bound ?
Chr. I am come from the city of Destruction, which
is the place of all evil, and I am going to the city of

Zion.
Apol. By this I perceive that thou art one of my
subjects ; for all that country is mine, and I am the
prince and god of it. How is it, then, that thou hast
run away from thy king ? Were it not that I hope
thou mayest do me more service, I would strike thee
now at one blow to the ground.
Chr. I was, indeed, born in your dominions, but
your service was hard, and your wages such as man
could not live on for the wages of sin is death there-
; ;

fore, when I was come to years, I did, as other consid-

erate persons do, look out if perhaps I might mend
myself.
Apol. There is no prince that will thus lightly lose
his subjects, neither will I as yet lose theebut since ;

thou complainest of thy service and wages, be content

to go back, and what our country will afford I do here
promise to give thee.
Chr. But I have let myself to another, even to the
King of princes ; and how can I with fairness go back
with thee ?
Apol. Thou hast done in this according to the
CHARITY
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 45

proverb, " changed a bad for a worse ;

" but it is ordi-
nary for those that have professed themselves his
servants, after a while to give him the slip, and return
again to me. Dothou so too, and all shall be well.
Chr. I have given him my faith, and sworn my
allegiance to him how then can I go back from this,
;

and not be hanged as a traitor.

Apol. Thou didst the same by me, and yet I am
willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn again
and go back.
Chr. What I promised thee was before I was of
age and besides, I count that the Prince under whose
:

banner I now stand is able to absolve me, yea, and to

pardon also what I did as to my compliancy with thee.
And besides, oh, thou destroying Apollyon, to speak
truth, I like his service, his wages, his servants, his gov-
ernment, his company, and country, better than thine
therefore leave off to persuade me further I am his :

servant, and I will follow him.

Apol. Consider again, when thou art in cold blood,
what art thou like to meet with in the way that thou
goest. Thou knowest that for the most part his
servants come to an ill end, because they are trans-
gressors against me and my ways. How many of
them have been put to shameful deaths And besides,
!

thou countest his service better than mine whereas ;

he never yet came from the place where he is, to

deliver any that served him out of their enemies'

hands but as for me, how many times, as all the
:

world very well knows, have I delivered, either by

power or fraud, those that have faithfully served me,
from him and his, though taken by them And so !

will I deliver thee.

Chr. His forbearing at present to deliver them, is
46 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
on purpose to try their love, whether they will cleave
to him to the end: and as for the ill end thou say est
they come to, that is most glorious in their account.
For, for present deliverance, they do not much expect
it ;for they stay for their glory and then they shall
;

have it, when their Prince comes in his and the glory
of the angels.
Apol. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy
service to him ; and how dost thou think to receive
wages of him?
Chr. Wherein, O Apollyon, have 1 been unfaith-
ful to him?
Apol. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when
thou wast almost choked in the Slough of Despond.
Thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid of thy
burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till thy
Prince had taken it off. Thou didst simply sleep,
and lose thy choice things. Thou wast almost per-
suaded also to go back at the sight of the lions. And
when thou talkest of thy journey, and of what thou
hast seen and heard, thou art inwardly desirous of
vainglory in all thou sayest or doest.
Chr. All this is true, and much more which thou
hast left out but the Prince whom I serve and honor
,

is merciful, and ready to forgive. But besides, these

infirmities possessed me in thy country, for there 1
fell into them, and I have groaned under them, been
sorry for them, and have obtained pardon of my
Prince.
Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage,
I am an enemy to this Prince
saying, I hate his ;

person, his laws, and people : I am come out on pur-

pose to withstand thee.
Chr. Apollyon, beware what you do. for I am in the
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 47

King's highway, the way of holiness ; therefore take

heed to yourself.
Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole
breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this
matter. Prepare thyself to die for I swear by my in-
;

fernal den, that thou shalt go no farther here will I :

spill thy soul. And with that he threw a naming dart

at his breast ; but Christian had a shield in his hand,
with which he caught it, and so prevented the danger
of that.
Then did Christian draw he saw he
his sword, for
must bestir him; and Apollyon as fast made at him,
throwing darts as thick as hail by the which, notwith-
;

standing all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon

wounded him in his head, his" hand, and foot. This
made Christian give a little back Apollyon, therefore,
;

followed his work mightily, and Christian again took

courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This
sore combat lasted for above half a day, even till Chris-
tian was almost quite exhausted: for you must know,
that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must needs
grow weaker and weaker.
Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to
gather up close to Christian, and wrestling with him,
gave him a dreadful fall: and with that Christian's
sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I am
sure of thee now and with that he had almost pressed
:

him to death, so that Christian began to despair of life.

But, as God would have it, while Apollyon was fetch-
ing his last blow, thereby to make a full end of this
good man, Christian nimbly reached out his hand for
his sword, and caught it, saying, Rejoice not against
me, mine enemy when I fall, I shall arise and with
O : ;

that gave him a deadly thrust, which made him give

 !

48 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

back, as one that had received his mortal wound,
Christian perceiving that, made at him again, saying,
Nay, in all these things we
more than conquerors,
are
through Him that loved us. And with that Apollyon
spread forth his dragon wings, and sped him away, that
Christian saw him no more.
In this combat no man can imagine, unless he had
seen and heard, as I did, what yelling and hideous roar-
ing Apollyon made all the time of the fight he spake ;

like a dragon and on the other side, what sighs and

:

groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw him

all the while give so much as one pleasant look till he
perceived he had wounded Apollyon with his two-edged
sword ; then, indeed, he did smile, and look upward
But it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw.
So when the battle was over, Christian said, I will
here give thanks to Him that hath delivered me out of
the mouth of the lion, to Him that did help me against
Apollyon.
Then there came tohim a hand with some of the
leaves of the tree of the which Christian took and
life,

applied to the wounds that he had received in the bat-

tle, and was healed immediately. He also sat down in
that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that
was given him a little before so, being refreshed, he
:

addressed himself to his journey with his sword drawn

in his hand; for he said, I know not but some other
enemy may be at hand. But he met with no other
affront from Apollyon quite through this valley.
Now at the end of this valley was another, called
the Valley of the Shadow of Death and Christian ;

must needs go through it, because the way to the Celes-

tial City lay through the midst of it. Now, this valley
is a very solitary place. The prophet Jeremiah thus
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
49
describes " A
wilderness, a land of deserts and pits,
it :

a land of drought, and of the Shadow of Death, a land

that no man " (but a Christian) "passeth through, and
where no man dwelt."
Now here Christian was worse put to it than in his
light with Apollyon, as by the sequel you shall see.
I saw then in my dream, that when Christian was
got to the borders of the Shadow of Death, there met
him two men, children of them that brought up an evil
report of the good land, making haste to go back ; to
whom Christian spake as follows.
Chr. Whither you going ?are
Men. They said, Back, back and we would have ;

you do so too, if either life or peace is prized by you.

Chr. Why, what's the matter ? said Christian.
Men. Matter said they we were going that way
! ;

as you are going, and went as far as we durst and in- ;

deed we were almost past coming back for had we ;

gone a little farther, we had not been here to bring the

news to thee.
Chr. But what have you met with ? said Christian.
Men. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the
Shadow ofDeath, but that by good hap we looked
before us, and saw the danger before we came to it.
Chr. But what have you seen ? said Christian.
Men. Seen ? why, the valley itself, which is as dark
as pitch : we also saw there the hobgoblins, monsters,
and dragons of the pit we heard also in that valley a
:

continual howling and yelling, as of people under un-

utterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and
irons :and over that valley hang the discouraging clouds
of confusion Death also doth always spread his wings
:

over it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, being

utterly without order.
 :

rG THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

Chr. Then, said Christian, I perceive not yet, by
what you have said, but that this is my way to the
desired haven.
Men. Be it thy way ; we will not choose it for ours.
So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but
still with his sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he

should be assaulted.
I saw then in my dream, so far as this valley reached,
there was on the right hand a very deep ditch that ;

ditch is it into which the blind have led the blind in all
ages, and have both there miserably perished. Again,
behold, on the left hand there was a very dangerous
quagmire, into which, if even a good man falls, he finds
no bottom for his foot to stand on into that quagmire
;

Kino- David once did fall, and had no doubt therein

been smothered, had not He that is able plucked him
out.
The pathway was here exceeding narrows and
also
therefore good Christian was the more put to it for ;

when he sought, in the dark, to shun the ditch on the

one hand, he was ready to tip over into the mire on the
other also, when he sought to escape the mire, with-
;

out great carefulness he would be ready to fall into the

ditch. Thus he went on, and I heard him here sigh
bitterly for besides the clanger mentioned above, the
;

pathway was here so dark, that ofttimes when he lifted

up his foot to go forward, he knew not where or upon
what he should set it next.
When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate
-.conditionsome considerable time, he thought he heard
the voice of a man, as going before him, saying, Though
I walk through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, I

will fear no evil, for thou art with me.

Then was he was glad, and that for these reasons
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS rz

First, Because he gathered from thence, that some

who feared God were in this valley as well as himself.
Secondly, For that he perceived God was with them,
though in that dark and dismal state. And why not,
thought he, with me, though by reason of the difficulty
that attends this place, I can not perceive it.
Thirdly, For that he hoped (could he overtake them)
to have company by and by. So he went on, and called
to him that was before ; but he knew not what to an-
swer, for that he also thought himself to be alone. And
by and by the day broke then said Christian, " He hath
:

turned the shadow of death into the morniner."

Now morning being come, he looked back, not out
of desire to return, but to see, by the light of the day,
what hazards he had gone through in the dark. So he
saw more perfectly the ditch that was on the one hand,
and the quagmire that was on the other also, how narrow
;

the wa} was which led betwixt them both.

r
Also, now
he saw the hobgoblins, and monsters, and dragons of the
pit, but all afar off
; for after break of day they came
not nigh; yet they were discovered to him, according
to that which is written, " He discovereth deep things
out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow
of death."
Now was Christian much affected with this deliv-
erance from all the dangers of his solitary way; which
dangers, though he feared them much before, yet he
saw them more clearly now, because the light of the
day made them conspicuous to him. And about this
time the sun was rising, and this was another mercy to
Christian; for you must note, that though the first part
of the Valley of the Shadow of Death was dangerous,
yet this second part, which he must go through, was, if
possible, far more dangerous for, from the place where
;
 ;

r2 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

he now stood,even to the end of the valley, the way
was all along set so full of snares, traps, gins, and nets
here, and so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelv-
ings-down there, that had it now been dark, as it was
when he came the first part of the way, had he had a
thousand souls, they had in reason been cast away but, ;

as I said, just now the sun was rising. Then said he,
" His candle shineth on my head, and by his light I go
through darkness."
In this light, therefore, he came to the end of the
valley. Now I saw in my dream, that at the end of the
valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of
men, even of pilgrims thathad gone this way formerly
and while I was musing what should be the reason, I
espied a little before me a cave, where two giants dwelt
in old times ; by whose power and tyranny the men
whose bones, blood, and ashes lay there, were cruelly
put to death. But by this place Christian went with-
out much danger, whereat I somewhat wondered but I \

have learnt since, that one of the giants has been dead
many a day and as for the other, though he be yet
;

alive, he is, b} reason of age, and also of the many hard

r

knocks that he met with in his younger days, grown so

crazy and stiff in his joints that he can now do little
more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at pilgrims
as they go by, and biting his nails because he can not
come at them.
So I saw that Christian went on his way yet at ;

the sight of the old man that sat at the mouth of the
cave, he could not tellwhat to think, especially because
he spoke to him, though he could not go after him, say-
ing, You will never mend till more of you be burned.
But he held his peace, and set a good face on it; and
so went by, and got no hurt.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 53

THE FIFTH STAGE

Now, went on his way, he came to a
as Christian
little ascent, which was cast up on purpose that pil-

grims might see before them up there, therefore,

:

Christian went and looking forward, he saw Faithful

;

before him upon his journey. Then said Christian

aloud, Ho, ho so, ho, stay, and I will be your compan-
;

ion. At that Faithful looked behind him to whom ;

Christian cried again, Stay, stay, till I come up to you.

But Faithful answered, No, I am upon my life, and the
Avenger of Blood is behind me.
At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting
to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and
did also overrun him so the last was first. Then did
;

Christian vaingloriously smile, because he had gotten

the start of his brother but not taking good heed to
;

his feet he suddenly stumbled and fell, and could not

rise again until Faithful came up to help him.
Then I saw in my dream, they went very lovingly
on together, and had sweet discourse of all things that
had happened to them in their pilgrimage and thus ;

Christian began.
Chr. My honored and well-beloved brother Faith-
ful, I am
glad that I have overtaken you, and that God
has so tempered our spirits that we can walk as com-
panions in this so pleasant a path.
Faith. had thought, my dear friend, to have your
I
company quite from our town, but you did get the start
of me wherefore I was forced to come thus much of
;

the wav alone-

 :

54
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Chr. How
long did you stay in the city of De-
struction before you set out after rne on your pilgrim-
age ?

Faith. Till I could stayno longer for there was

;

a great talk presently after you were gone out, that

our city would, in a short time, be burnt down to the
ground with fire from heaven.
Chr. What, did your neighbors talk so ?
Faith. Yes, it was for awhile in everybody's mouth.
Chr. What, and did no more of them but you come
out to escape the danger ?
Faith. Though there was, as I said, a great talk
thereabout, yet I do not think they did firmly believe
it; for, in the heat of the discourse, I heard some of
them deridingly speak of you and of your desperate
journey, for so they called this your pilgrimage. But I
did believe, and do still, that in the end our city will
be destroyed and therefore 1 have made my escape.
;

Chr. Did you hear no talk of neighbor Pliable ?

Faith. Yes, Christian, I heard that he followed
you till he came to the Slough of Despond, where, as
some said, he fell in but he would not be known to
;

have so done but I am sure he was completely be-

:

daubed with that kind of dirt.

Chr. And what said the neighbors to him ?
Faith. He hath, since his going back, been held
and that among all sorts of people
greatly in derision, :

some do mock and despise him, and scarce will any set
him to work. He is now seven times worse than if he
had never gone out of the city.
Chr. But why should they be so set against him,
way that he forsook?
since they also despise the
Faith. Oh, they say, Hang him he is a turncoat
;

he was not true to his profession I think God has

!
FAITHFUL
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 55

stirred up even His enemies to hiss at him, and make

him a proverb, because he hath forsaken the way.
Chr. Had you no talk with him before you came
out?
Faith. I met him once in the streets, but he looked
away toward the other side, as one ashamed of what he
had done so I spake not to him.
;

Chr. Well, at my first setting out I had hopes of

that man but now I fear he will perish in the over-
;

throw of the city.

Faith. These are my fears of him, too but who;

can hinder that which will be ?

Chr. Well, neighbor Faithful, said Christian, let us
leave him, and talk of things that more immediately
concern ourselves. Tell me now what you have met
with in the way as you came ; for I know you have
met with some things, or else it may be writ for a
wonder.
Faith. I escaped the slough that I perceived you
fell into, and got up to the gate without that danger •,

only I met with one whose name was Wanton, who had
like to have done me mischief.
Chr. It was well you escaped her net Joseph was
:

hard put to it by her, and he escaped as you did but;

it had like to have cost him his life. But what did she
do to you ?
Faith. You cannot think (but that you know some-
thing) what a flattering tongue she had she lay at me
;

hard to turn aside with her, promising me all manner of

content.
Chr. Did you meet with no other assault as you
came ?
Faith. When I came to the foot of the hill called
Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who asked me
^6 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
what I was, and whither bound. I told him that I was
a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the
old man, Thou lookest like an honest fellow ; wilt thou
be content to dwell with me
wages that I shall
for the
give thee ? Then I asked his name, and where he
dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and that
he dwelt in the town of Deceit. I asked him then
what was his work, and what the wages that he would
give. He told me that his work was many delights ; and
his wages, that I should be his heir at last. I further
asked him, what house he kept, and what other servants
he had. So he told me that his house was maintained
with all the dainties of the world, and that he had many
servants. Then I asked, how long time he would have
me live with him ; and he told me, as long as he lived
himself.
Che. Well, and what conclusions came the old man
and you to at last ?
Faith. Why, at first I found myself somewhat in-
clinable to go with the man, for I thought he spoke
very fair ; but looking in his forehead, as I talked with
him, I saw there written, " Put off the old man with
his deeds."
Chr. And how then ?

Faith. Then it came burning hot into my mind,

that, whatever he said, and however he flattered, when
he got me home to his house he would sell me for a
slave. So I bid him forbear to talk, for I would not
come near the door of his house. Then he reviled me,
and told me that he would send such a one after me
that should make my way bitter to my soul. So I
turned to go away from him but just as I turned my-
;

self to go thence, I felt him take hold of my flesh, and

give me such a deadly twitch back, that I thought he
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS rh

had pulled part of me after himself this made me cry, :

" Oh, wretched man " So I went on my way up the

!

hill.

Now, when I got about half the way up, I looked be-
hind me and saw one coming after me, swift as the
wind so he overtook me just about the place where
;

the bench stands.

Just there, said Christian, did I sit down to rest me ;
but, being overcome with sleep, I there lost this roll out
of mybosom.
Faith. But, good brother, hear me out. So soon as
the man overtook me, it was but a word and a blow
for down he knocked me and laid me for dead. But
when I was a little come to myself again, I asked him
wherefore he served me so. He said because of my
secret inclining to Adam the First. And with that he
struck me another deadly blow on the breast, and beat
me down backward so I lay at his feet as dead as
;

before. So when I came to myself again, I cried, have

mercy ; but he said, I know not how to show mercy
and with that he knocked me down again. He had
doubtless made an end of me, but that One came by
and bid him forbear.
Chr. Who was that that bid him forbear ?
Faith. I did not know Him at first but as He went ;

by, I perceived the holes in His hands and His side ;

then I concluded that He was our Lord. So I went up

the hill.

Chr.That man that overtook you was Moses. He

spareth none neither knoweth he how to show mercy
;

to those that transgress his law.

Faith. I know it it was not the first
very well ;

time that he has met with me. 'Twas he that came to

me when I dwelt securely at home, and that told me
 ,

rg THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

that he would burn my house over my head if I staid

there.
Chr. But did you not see the house that stood
there on the top of the hill, on the side of which Moses
met you?
Faith. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at it.
But, for the lions, I think they were asleep, for it was
about noon ; and because I had so much of the day be-
fore me, I passed by the porter and came down the hill.
Chr. He told me, indeed, that he saw you go by
but I wish that you had called at the house, for they
would have showed you so many rarities that you
would scarce have forgot them to the day of your
death. But pray tell me, did you meet anybody in the
Valley of Humility ?
Faith. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would
willingly have persuaded me to go back again with
him his reason was, because the valley was altogether
:

without honor. He told me, moreover, that to go there

was the way to disoblige all my friends, as Pride, Arro-
gancy, Self-Conceit, Worldly Glory, with others, who
he knew, as he said, would be very much offended if I
made such a fool of myself as to wade through this
valley.
Chr. Well, and how did you answer him ?
Faith. I told him, that although all these that he
named might claim a kindred to me, and that rightly
(for indeed they were my relations, according to the
flesh), yet since I became a pilgrim they have disowned
me, and I also have rejected them and therefore they
;

were to me now no more than if they had never been

of my lineage. I told him, moreover, that as to this

valley, he had quite misrepresented the thing for be- ;

fore honor is humility, and a haughty spirit before a

PRIDE
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 59

fall. Therefore, saidI, I had rather go through this

valley to the honor that was so accounted by the wisest,

than choose that which he esteemed most worthy of our
affections.
Chr. Met you with nothing else in that valley ?

Faith. Yes, I met with Shame but of; all the men
that I met with on my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the
wrong name. The others would be said nay, after a
little argumentation, and somewhat else but this bold-
;

faced Shame would never have done.

Chr. Why, what did he say to you ?
Faith. What ? Why, he objected against religion
itself. He said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking business
for a man to mind religion. He said that a tender con-
science was an unmanly thing and that for a man to
;

watch over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself

from that blustering liberty that the brave spirits of the
times accustom themselves unto, would make him the
ridicule of the times. He objected also, that but a few
of the mighty, rich, or wise, were ever of my opinion ;

nor any of them neither, before they were persuaded

to be fools, and to venture the loss of all for nobody
knows what. He, moreover, objected to the base and
low estate and condition of those that were chiefly the
pilgrims of the times in which they lived also their
;

ignorance and want of understanding in all natural

knowledge. Yea, he did hold me to it at that rate also,
about a great many more things than here I relate as, ;

that it was a shame to sit whining and mourning under

a sermon, and a shame to come sighing and groaning
home that it was a shame to ask my neighbor forgive-
;

ness for petty faults, or to make restitution where I

have taken from any. He said also, that religion made
a man grow strange to the great, because of a few vices,
(So THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
which he called by finer names, and made him own and
respect the base, because of the same religious frater-
nity and is not this, said he, a shame ?
:

Chr. And what did you say to him ?

Faith. Say ? I could not tell what to say at first.
Yea, he put me so to it, that my blood came up in my
face even this Shame fetched it up, and had almost
;

beat me quite off but at last I began to consider that

;

that which is highly esteemed among men, is had in

abomination with God. And I thought again, this
Shame tells me what men are but he tells me nothing ;

what God or the word of God is. And I thought,

moreover, that at last we judged according
shall not be
to the insolent spirits of the world, but according to
the wisdom and the law of the Highest. Therefore,
thought I, what God says is indeed best, though all the
men in the world are against it.
Chr. I am glad, my brother, that thou didst with-
stand this villain so bravely for of all, as thou sayest,
;

I think he has the wrong name for he is so bold as to:

follow us in the streets, and to attempt to put us to

shame before all men that is, to make us ashamed of
:

that which is good. But if he was not himself auda-

cious, he would never attempt to do as he does. But
let us still resist him for, notwithstanding all his
;

bravadoes, he promoteth the fool, and none else.

"The wise shall inherit glory," said Solomon; "but
shame shall be the promotion of fools."
Faith. I think we must cry to Him for help against
Shame, that would have us to be valiant for truth upon
the earth.
Chr. You say true ; but did you meet with nobody
else in that valley?
Faith. No, not I ; for I had sunshine all the rest of
 1

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 6

the way through that, and also through the Valley of

the Shadow of Death.
Chr. 'Twas well for you; I am sure it fared far
otherwise with me. I had for a long season, as soon
almost as I entered into that valley, a dreadful combat
with that foul fiend Apollyon yea, I thought verily ;

he would have killed me, especially when he got me

down, and crushed me under him, as if he would have
crushed me to pieces for, as he threw me, my sword
;

flew out of my hand nay, he told me he was sure of

:

me but I cried unto God, and he heard me, and de-

;

livered me out of all my troubles. Then I entered

into the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and had no
light for almost half the way through it. I thought
over and over I should have been killed there but at ;

last day brake, and the sun rose, and I went through
that which was behind with far more ease and quiet.
Moreover, I saw in my dream, that as they went on,
Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw a man
whose name was Talkative, walking at a distance beside
them for in this place there was room enough for
;

them all to walk. He was a tall man, and something

more comely at a distance than at hand. To this man
Faithful addressed himself in this manner.
Faith. Friend, whither away? Are you going to
the heavenly country ?

Talk. I am
going to the same place.
Faith. That is well ; then I hope we may have your
good company ?

Talk. With a very good will, will I be your com-

panion.
Faith. Come on, then, and let us go together, and
let us spend our time in discoursing of things that are
profitable.
62 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Talk. To talk of things that are good, to me is very
acceptable, with you or with any other ; and I am glad
that I have met with those that incline to so good a
work ; for to speak the truth, there are but few who
care thus to spend their time as they are in their
travels, but choose much rather to be speaking of
things to no profit; and this hath been a trouble to me.
Faith. That is, indeed, a thing to be lamented foi ;

what thing so worthy of the use of the tongue and

mouth of men on earth, as are the things of the God of
heaven ?
Talk. I like you wonderful well, for your sayings
are full of conviction and I will add, What thing is
;

so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to talk of the

things of God? What things so pleasant? that is, if

a man hath any delight in things that are wonderful.

For instance, if a man doth delight to talk of the his-
tory, or the mystery of things or if a man doth love
;

to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where shall he

find things recorded so delightful, and so sweetly
penned, as in the Holy Scripture?
Faith. Well, then, said Faithful, what is that one
thing that we shall at this time found our discourse
upon ?
Talk. What you will. I will talk of things heav-
enly, or things earthly ; things moral, or things evan-
gelical ; things sacred, or things profane ; things past,
or things to come ; things foreign, or things at home ;

things more essential, or things circumstantial : pro-

vided that all be done to our profit.
Now did Faithful begin to wonder and stepping to ;

Christian (for he walked all this while by himself), he said

to him, but softly, What a fine companion have we got!
Surely, this man will make a very excellent pilgrim.
SELF-CONCEIT
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 63

At this Christian modestly smiled, and said, This

man, with whom you are so taken, will beguile with
this tongue of his twenty of them that know him not.
Faith. Do you know him, then ?
Chr. Know him? Yes, better than he knows
himself.
Faith. Pray, what is he ?
Chr. His name is Talkative he dwelleth in our:

town. I wonder that }^ou should be a stranger to him,

only I consider that our town is large.
Faith. Whose son is he ? And whereabout doth
he dwell?
Chr. He is the son of one Saywell. He dwelt in
Prating-Row and he is known to all that are ac-
;

quainted with him by the name of Talkative of Prating-

Row and, notwithstanding his fine tongue, he is but
;

a miserable fellow.
Faith. Well, he seems to be a very nice sort of a
man.
Chr. That is to them that have not a thorough ac-
quaintance with him, for he is best abroad near home ;

he is ugly enough. Your saying that he is a nice

man, brings to my mind what I have observed in the
work of a painter, whose pictures show best at a dis-
tance but very near, more unpleasing.
;

Faith. But I am ready to think you do but jest,

because you smiled.
Chr. God forbid that I should jest (though I smiled)
in this matter, or that I should accuse any falsely. I

will give you a further discovery of him. This man is

for any company, and for any talk as he talketh now
;

with you, so will he talk when he is on the ale-bench ;

and the more drink he hath in his head, the more of

these things he hath in his mouth. Religion hath no
 ;

64 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

place in his heart, or house, or conversation ; all he
hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to make a
noise therewith.
Faith. Say you so ? Then am I in this man greatly
deceived.
Chr. Deceived ! you may be sure of it. Remember
the proverb, " They say and do not ;
" but " the kingdom

of God is not in word, but in power." He talketh of

prayer, of repentance, of faith, and of the new birth
but he knows but only to talk of them. I have been
in his family, and have observed him both at home and
abroad and I know what I say of him is the truth.
;

His house is as empty of religion as the white of an

egg is of savor. There is there neither prayer, nor
sign of repentance for sin yea, the brute in his kind
;

serves God far better than he. He is the very stain,

reproach, and shame of religion to all that know him ;

itcan hardly have a good word in all that end of the

town, where he dwells, through him. Thus say the
common people that know him, " A saint abroad, and a
devil at home." His poor family finds it so ; he is

so unreasonable with his servants, that they neither

know how do for or speak to him. Men that have
to
any dealings with him say, " It is better to deal
with a Turk than with him, for fairer dealings they
shall have at their hands." This Talkative (if it be
possible) will go beyond them, defraud, beguile, and
overreach them. Besides, he brings up his sons to fol-
low his steps and if he finds in any of them a foolish
;

timorousness (for so he calls the first appearance of a

tender conscience), he calls them fools and blockheads,
and by no means will employ them in much, or speak to
their commendation before others. For my part, I am
of opinion that he has, by his wicked life, caused many
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
fc
to stumble and fall and will be, if God
;
prevents not,
the ruin of many more.
Faith. Well, my brother, I am bound to
believe
you, not only because you say you know
him, but also
because, like a Christian, you make your
reports of men.
For Icannot think that you speak these
things of ill-
will, but because it is even so as you say.
Chr. Had I known him no more than you, I might,
perhaps, have thought of him as at the
first you did ]
yea, had I received this report at their
hands only that
are enemies to religion, I should have
thought it had
been a slander —
a lot that often falls from bad men's
mouths upon good men's names and professions.
But
all these things, yea, and a great
many more as bad,
of my own knowledge, I can prove
him guilty of!
Besides, good men are ashamed of him; they can
neither call him brother or friend; the
very naming
of him among them makes them
blush, if they know
him.
Faith. Well, I see that saying and doing
are two
things, and hereafter I shall better
observe this dis-
tinction.
Chr. They are two things, indeed,
and are as different
as are the soul and the body for as the body without
;

the soul is but a dead carcass, so saying,

if it be alone,
is but a dead carcass also.
The soul of religion is the
practical part. " Pure religion and undefiled
before
God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and
widows in their affliction, and to keep himself
un-
spotted from the world." This Talkative is
not aware
of; he thinks that hearing and saying will make
a good
Christian and thus he deceiveth his own soul.
;
Hear-
ing is but as the sowing of the seed talk
is not suffi-
;

cient to prove that fruit is indeed in the

heart and life.
66 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
And let us assure ourselves, that at the day of doom
men shall be judged according to their fruits. It will
not be said then, Did you believe ? but, Were you
doers, or talkers only? and accordingly shall they be
judged. The end of the world is compared to our
harvest, and you know men at harvest regard nothing
but fruit. Not that anything can be accepted that is
not of faith but I speak this to show you how insignifi-
;

cant the profession of Talkative will be at that day.

Faith. Well, I was not so fond of his company at
first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall we do to
be rid of him ?

Chr. Take my advice, and doand yon

as I bid you,
shall find that he will soon be sick of your company,
too, except God shall touch his heart, and turn it.
Faith. What would you have me do ?
Chr. Why, go to him, and enter into some serious
discourse about the power of religion and ask him ;

plainly (when he has approved of it, for that he will),

whether this thing be set up in his heart, house, or
conversation.
Then Faithful stepped forward again, and said to
Talkative, Come, what cheer ? How now ?
is it

Talk. Thank you, well I : thought we should have

had a great deal of talk by this time.
Faith. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now and ;

since you left it with me to state the question, let it be

this.
Talk. I perceive, then, that our talk must be about
the power of things. Well, it is a very good question,
and I shall be willing to answer you. And take my
answer in brief, thus : First, where the grace of God is

in the heart, it causeth there a great outcry against sin.

Secondly —
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 67

Faith. Nay, hold let us consider of one at once.

;

I think you should rather say, It shows itself by inclin-

ing the soul to abhor its sin.
Talk. Why, what difference is there between cry-
ing out against sin, and the abhorring of sin ?

Faith. Oh ! man may cry out

a great deal. A
against sin, of policybut he can not abhor it but by
;

virtue of a godly antipathy against it. I have heard

many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who can yet
abide it well enough in the heart, house, and conversa-
tion. Some cry out against sin, even as the mother
cries out against her child in her lap, when she calleth it

naughty girl, and then falls to hugging and kissing it.

Standeth your religion in word or tongue, and not
in deed and truth? Pray, if you incline to answer me
this, say no more than you know the God above will

say Amen to, and also nothing but what your con-
science can justify you in; for not he that commendeth
himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth.
Besides, to say T am thus and thus, when my conver-
sation, and all my neighbors, tell me T lie, is great
wickedness.
Then Talkative at first began to blush ; but recover-
ing himself, he thus replied: You come now to experi-
ence, to conscience, and to God and to appeal to Him
;

for justification of what is spoken. This kind of dis-

course I did not expect; nor am I disposed to give an
answer to such questions, because I count not myself
bound thereto, you take upon you to be a
unless
catechiser and though you should so do, yet I may
;

refuse to make you my judge. But I pray, will you tell

me why you ask me such questions ?
Faith. Because I saw you forward to talk, and
because I knew not that you were really in earnest.
 ::

68 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

Besides, to tell you the truth, I have heard of you that
you are a man whose religion lies in talk, and that
your conversation gives your mouth-profession the
this
lie. They say you among Christians, and
are a spot
that religion fareth the worse for your ungodly conver-
sation; that some have already stumbled at your
wicked ways, and that more are in danger of being
destroyed thereby your religion, and an ale-house, and
:

covetousness and uncleanness, and swearing, and lying,

and vain company-keeping will stand together.
Talk. Since you are so ready to take up reports,
and to judge as rashly as you do, I cannot but conclude
you are some peevish or melancholy man, not fit to talk
to ;and so farewell.
Then up came Christian, and said to his brother, I
told you how it would happen your words and his
;

lusts could not agree. He had rather leave your com-

pany than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said
let him go the loss is no man's but his own.
; He has
saved us the trouble of going from him for he con- ;

tinuing (as I suppose he will do) as he is, would have

been but a blot in our company besides, the Apostle :

says, " From such withdraw thyself."

Faith. But I am glad we had this little discourse
with him it may happen that he will think of it again
;

however, I have dealt plainly with him, and so am clear

of his blood if he perisheth.
Chr. You did well to talk so plainly to him as you
did. There is but little with
of this faithful dealing
men now-a-days, and that makes religion a stench in
the nostrils of so many as it doth for they are these ;

talkative fools, whose religion is only in word, and who

are debauched and vain in their conversation, that
(being so much admitted into the fellowship of the
TALKATIVE
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 69
godly) do puzzle the world, blemish Christianity, and
grieve the sincere. I wish that all men would deal with
such as you have done, then should they either be made
more conformable to religion, or the company of saints
would be too hot for them.
Thus they went on, talking of what they had seen by
the way, and so made that way easy which would other-
wise no doubt have been tedious to them, for now they
went through a wilderness.

THE SIXTH STAGE

Now when they were got almost quite out of this
wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and
espied one coming after them, and lie knew him. Oh !

said Faithful to his brother, who comes yonder? Then

Christian looked and said, It is my good friend Evan-
gelist. Aye, and my good friend too, said Faithful,
for 'twashe that set me on the way to the gate. Now
was Evangelist come up unto them, and thus saluted
them.
Evax. Peace be with you, dearly beloved; and
peace be to your helpers.
Chr. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist: the
sight of thy countenance brings to my remembrance
thy ancient kindness and unwearied labors for my eter-
nal good.
Faith. And a thousand times welcome, said good
Faithful, thy company, O sweet Evangelist ; how de-
sirable is it to us poor pilgrims !

Eva^ 8 Then said Evangelist, How hath it fared

7o
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
with you, my friends, since the time of our last part-
ing? What have you met with, and how have you be-
haved yourselves ?
Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things
that had happened to them in the way ; and how, and
with what difficulty, they had arrived to that place.
Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you have
met with trials, but that you have been victors ; and
for that you have, notwithstanding many weaknesses,
continued in the way to this very day.
Chr. Then Christian thanked him for his exhorta-
tions but told him withal, that they would have him
;

speak further to them for their help the rest of the

way; and the rather, for that they well knew that he
was a prophet, and could tell them of things that might
happen unto them, and also how they might resist and
overcome them. To which request Faithful also con-
sented. So Evangelist becran as followeth :

Evan. My sons, you have heard in the word of the

truth of the Gospel, that you must "through many
tribulations enter into the Kingdom of Heaven ; " and
again, that " in every city, bonds and afflictions abide
you " and therefore you cannot expect that you should
;

go long on your pilgrimage without them, in some sort

or other. You have found something of the truth of
these testimonies upon you and more will im-
already,
mediately follow : now, as you see, you are almost
for
out of this wilderness, and therefore you will soon
come into a town that you will by and by see before
you ;and in that town you will be hardly beset
with enemies, who will strain hard, but they will kill
you and be you sure that one or both of you must
;

seal the testimony which you hold, with blood; buc

" be you faithful unto death, and the King will give you
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS hj

a crown of life." He
that shall die there, although his
death will be unnatural, and his pain, perhaps, great,
he will yet have the better of his fellow not only ;

because he will arrive at the Celestial City soonest,

but because he will escape many miseries that the other
will meet with in the rest of his journey. But when
you arecome to the town, and shall find fulfilled what
I have here related, then remember your friend, and
quit yourselves like men, and " commit the keeping of
your souls to God in well-doing, as unto a faithful
Creator."
Then I saw my
dream, that when they were got out
in
of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them,
and the name of that town is Vanity and at the town ;

there is a fair x kept, called Vanity Fair. It is kept all the

year long. It beareth the name of Vanity Fair, because
the town where kept is lighter than vanity, and also
it is

because all that there sold, or that cometh thither, is

is

vanity ; as is the saying of the wise, " All that cometh

is vanity."
This fair is no new-erected business, but a thing of
ancient standing. I will show you the original of it.

Almost thousand years ago there were pilgrims

five
walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest per-
sons are and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with
:

their companions, perceiving by the path the pilgrims

made, that their way to the city lay through this town
of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair
wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it
should last all the year long. Therefore, at this fair
are all such merchandise sold as houses, lands, trades,
places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms,
lusts, pleasures; and delights of all sorts, as harlots.
!Fair: See Sketch of Banyan's Life, p. vii.
^2 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
wives, husbands, children, masters, servants, lives, blood,
bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and
what not.
And moreover, at this fair there is at all times to be
seen jugglings, cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves,
and rogues, and that of every kind.
Here are to be seen, too,and that for nothing, thefts,
murders, adulteries, false-swearers, and that of a blood-
red color.
And, moment, there are the
as in other fairs of less
several rows and streets under their proper names,
where such and such wares are sold so here, like-;

wise, you have the proper places, rows, streets (namely,

countries and kingdoms), where the wares of this fair
are soonest to be found. Here is the British Row, the
French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the
German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be
sold.
Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just
through this town where this lusty fair is kept and he;

that would go to the city, and yet not go through

this town, " must needs go out of the world." The
Prince of princes himself, when here, went through this
town to his own country, and that upon a fair-day, too ;

yea, and, as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of

this fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities, yea,
would have made him lord of the fair, would he but
have done him reverence as he went through the town.
Yea, because he was such a person of honor, Beelzebub
had him from street to street, and showed him all the
kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he might,
if possible, allure that blessed One to cheapen and buy

some of his vanities but he had no mind to the mer-

:

chandise, and therefore left the town, without laying

 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 73

out so much one penny upon these vanities. This

as
fair, therefore, is an ancient thing, of long standing,

and a very great fair.

Now, these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through
this fair. Well, so they did ; but b jhold, even as they
entered into the fair, all the people in the fair were
moved; and the town itself, as it were, in a hubbub
about them, and that for several reasons for, :

First, The Pilgrims were clothed with such kind of

raiment as was different from the raiment of any that
traded in that fair. The people, therefore, of the fair,
made a great gazing upon them some said they were
;

fools ; some, they were madmen and some, they were

;

outlandish men.
Secondly, And as they wondered at their apparel, so
they did likewise at their speech for few could under-
;

stand what they said. They naturally spoke the lan-

guage of Canaan but they that kept the fair were the
;

men of this world so that from one end of the fair to

:

the other, they seemed barbarians each to the other.

Thirdly, But that which did not a little amuse the
merchandisers was, that these pilgrims set very light by
all their wares. They cared not so much as to look
upon them and if they called upon them to buy, they
;

would put their fingers in their ears, and cry, " Turn
away mine eyes from beholding vanity," and look up-
ward, signifying that their trade or traffic was in
heaven.
One chanced, mockingly, beholding the behavior of
the men, to say unto them, " What will ye buy? " But
they, looking gravely upon We buy the
him, said, "
iruth." At was an occasion taken to despise
that there
r.he men the more some mocking, some taunting, some
;

speaking reproachfully, and some calling upon others to

 ;

74
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
smite them. At last things came to a hubbub and great
stir in the insomuch that all order was confounded.
fair,

Now was word presently brought to the great one of

the fair, who quickly came down, and deputed some of his
most trusty friends to take those men into examination
about whom the fair was almost overturned. So the
men were brought to examination and they that ex-
;

amined them asked them whence they came, whither

they went, and what they did there in such an unusual
garb. The men told them they were pilgrims and
strangers in the world, and that they were going to
their own country, which was the heavenly Jerusalem
and that they had given no occasion to the men of the
town, nor yet to the merchandisers, thus to abuse them,
and to hinder them in their journey, except it was for
that, when one asked them what they would buy, they
said they would buy the truth. But they that were ap-
pointed to examine them did not believe them to be
any other than madmen, or else such as came to put
all things into a confusion in the fair. Therefore they
took them and beat them, and besmeared them with
dirt, and then put them into the cage, that they might

be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. There,

therefore, they lay for some time, and were made the
objects of any man's sport, or malice, or revenge ; the
great one of the fair laughing still at all that befell
them. But the men being patient, and "not rendering
but contrariwise blessing," and giving
railing for railing,
good words for bad, and kindness for injuries done,
some men in the fair, that were more observing and
less prejudiced than the rest, began to check and blame
the baser sort for their continual abuses done by them
to the men. They, therefore, in an angry manner let
fly at them again, counting them as bad as the men in
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 75

the cage, and them that they seemed confeder-

telling
ates, and should be made partakers of their misfortunes.
The others replied that, for aught they could see, the
men were quiet and sober, and intended nobody any
harm and that there were many that traded in their
;

fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, too,
than were the men that they had abused. Thus, after
divers words had passed on both sides (the men be-
having themselves all the while very wisely and soberly
before them), they fell to some blows among themselves,
and did harm one to another. Then were these two
poor men brought before their examiners again, and
were charged as being guilty of the late hubbub that
had been in the fair. So they beat them pitifully, and
hanged irons upon them, and led them in chains up and
down the fair, for an example and terror to others, lest
any should speak in their behalf, or join themselves
unto them. But Christian and Faithful behaved them-
selves yet more wisely, and received the ignominy and
shame that were cast upon them with so much meek-
ness and patience, that it won to their side (though but
few in comparison of the rest) several of the men in
the This put the other party yet into a greater
fair.

rage, insomuch that they concluded the death of these

two men. Wherefore they threatened that neither
cage nor irons should serve their turn, but that they
should die for the abuse they had done, and for delud-
ing the men of the fair.
Then were they remanded to the cage again, until
further order should be taken with them. So they put
them in and made their feet fast.
Here, also, they called again to mind what they had
heard from their faithful friend Evangelist, and were
the more confirmed in their way and sufferings by what
 :;

76 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

he told them would happen to them. They also now
comforted each other, that whose lot it was to suffer,
even he should have the best of it therefore each man ;

secretly wished that he might have that preferment.

But committing themselves to the all-wise disposal of
Him that ruleth all things, with much content they
abode in the condition in which they were, until they
should be otherwise disposed of.
Then a convenient time being appointed, they brought
them forth to their trial, in order to their condemnation.
When the time was come, they were brought before
their enemies and arraigned. The judge's name was
Lord Hategood their indictment was one and the
;

same in substance, though somewhat varying in form

the contents whereof was this " That they were ene-
:

mies to, and disturbers of, the trade ; that they had
made commotions and divisions in the town, and had
won a party to their own most dangerous opinions, in
contempt of the law of their prince."
Then Faithful be^iin to answer, that he had onlv set
himself against that which had set itself against Him
that is higher than the highest. And, said he, as for
disturbance, I make none, being myself a man of peace
the parties that were won to us, were won by beholding
our truth and innocence, and they are only turned
from the worse to the better. And as to the king you
talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of our Lord, I
defy him and all his angels.
Then proclamation was made, that they that had
aught to say for their lord the king against the prisoner
at the bar, should forthwith appear, and give in their
evidence. So there came in three witnesses, to wit,
1
Envy, Superstition, and Pickthank. They were then
1 Pickthank : A flatterer ; a toady.
LORD HATEGOOD
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS hh

asked if they knew the prisoner at the bar; and what

they had to say for their lord the king against him.
Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect My :

lord, I have known this man a long time, and will attest
upon my oath, before this honorable bench, that he
is —
Judge. Hold give him his oath.
;

So they sware him. Then he said, My lord, this

man, notwithstanding his plausible name, is one of

the vilest men our country

in he neither regardeth
;

prince nor people, law nor custom, but doeth all that he
can to possess all men with certain of his disloyal no-
tions, which he in the general calls principles of faith
and holiness. And heard him once my-
in particular, I
self affirm, that Christianity and the customs of our
town of Vanity, were entirely opposite, and could not
be reconciled. By which saying, my lord, he doth at
once not only condemn all our laudable doings, but us
in the doing of them.
Then did the judge say to him, Hast thou any more
to say ?
Envy. My lord, I could say much more, only I
would not be tedious to the court. Yet if need be,
when the other gentlemen have given in their evidence,
rather than anything shall be wanting that will despatch
him, I will enlarge my testimony against him. So he
was bid to stand by.
Then they called Superstition, and bid him look
upon the prisoner. They also asked, what he could
say for their lord the king against him. Then they
sware him ; so he began.
Super. My lord, I have no great acquaintance with
this man, nor do I desire to have further knowledge of
him. However, this I know, that he is a very pestilent
jS THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
fellow, from some discourse that I had with him the
other day, in this town ; for then, talking with him, I
heard him say that our religion was naught, and such
by which a man could by no means please God. Which
saying of his, my lord, your lordship very well knows
what necessarily thence will follow, to wit, that we still

do worship in vain, are yet in our sins, and finally shall

be damned and this is that which I have to say.
:

Then was Pickthank sworn, and bid say what he

knew in the behalf of their lord the king against the
prisoner at the bar.
Pick. My and you gentlemen all, this fellow I
lord,
have known a long time, and have heard him speak
things that ought not to be spoken for he hath railed ;

at our noble prince Beelzebub, and hath spoken con-

temptibly of his honorable friends, whose names are,
the Lord Oldman, the Lord Carnal Delight, the Lord
Luxurious, the Lord Desire of Vain Glory, Sir Having
Greedy, with all the rest of our nobility and he hath :

said, moreover, that if all men were of his mind, it

possible, there is not one of these noblemen should

have any longer a being in this town. Besides, he
hath not been afraid to rail at you, my lord, who are
now appointed to be his judge, calling you an ungodly
villain, with many other such like vilifying terms, with
which he hath bespattered most of the gentry of our
town.
When this Pickthank had told his tale, the judge
directed his speech to the prisoner at the bar, saying,
Thou renegade, heretic, and traitor, hast thou heard
what these honest gentlemen have witnessed against
thee ?

Faith. May I speak a few words in my own de-

fence ?
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 79

Judge. Fellow, thou deservest to live no longer,

but to be slain immediately upon the place yet, that ;

all men may see our gentleness toward thee, let us

hear what thou, vile wretch, hast to say.

Faith. 1. answer to what Mr. Envy
I say, then, in
hath spoken, never said aught but this, that what
I
rule, or laws, or custom, or people, were flat against the
word of God, are wholly opposite to Christianity. If
I have said amiss in this, convince me of my error,

and I am ready here before you to make my recanta-

tion.
2. As to the second, to wit, Mr. Superstition, and
his charge against me, I said only this, that in the wor-
ship of God there is required a divine faith but there ;

can be no divine faith without a divine revelation of

the will of God. Therefore, whatever is thrust into the
worship of God that is not agreeable to divine revela-
tion, cannot be done but by a human faith ; which faith
will not be profitable to eternal life.
3. As to what Mr. Pickthank hath said, I say (avoid-

ing terms, as that I am said to rail, and the like), that

the prince of this town, with all the rabble, his attend-
ants, this gentleman named, are more fit for being
by
in hell than in this town and country. And so the
Lord have mercy upon me.
Then the judge called to the jury (who all this while
stood by to hear and observe), Gentlemen of the jury,
you see this man about whom so great an uproar hath
been made in this town you have also heard what
;

these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against him ;

also, you have heard his reply and confession it lieth :

now in your breasts to hang him, or to save his life ;

but yet I think meet to instruct you in our law.

There was an act made in the days of Pharaoh the
So THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
Great, servant to our prince, that, lest those of a con
trary religion should multiply and grow too strong for
him, their males should be thrown into the river.
There was also an act made in the days of Nebuchad-
nezzar the Great, another of his servants, that whoever
would not fall down and worship his golden image,
should be thrown into a fiery furnace. There was also
an act made in the days of Darius, that whoso for some
time called upon any god but him, should be cast into
the lion's den. Now, the substance of these laws this
rebel hath broken, not only in thought (which is not to
be borne), but also in word and deed ; which must,
therefore, needs be intolerable.
For that of Pharaoh, law was made upon a sup-
his
position to prevent mischief, no crime being yet ap-
parent but here is a crime apparent. For the second
;

and third, you see he disputeth against our religion ;

and for the treason that he hath already confessed, he

deserveth to die the death.
Then went whose names were Mr.
the jury out,
Blindman, Mr. Nogood, Mr. Malice, Mr. Lovelust, Mr.
Liveloose, Mr. Heady, Mr. Highmind, Mr. Enmity,
Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hatelight, and Mr. Implaca-
ble who every one gave in his private verdict against
;

him among themselves, and afterwards unanimously

concluded to bring him in guilty before the judge. And
first among themselves, Mr. Blindman, the foreman,

said, I see clearly that this man is a heretic. Then

said Mr. Nogood, Away with such a fellow from the
earth. Aye, said Mr. Malice, for I hate the very looks
of him. Then said Mr. Lovelust, I could never endure
him. Nor I, said Mr. Liveloose, for he would always
be condemning my way. Hang him, hang him, said
Mr. Heady. A wretched scrub, said Mr. Highmind.
 1

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 8

My heart riseth against him, said Mr. Enmity. He is a

rogue, said Mr. Liar. Hanging him is too good for
him, said Mr. Cruelty. Let us dispatch him out of the
way, said Mr. Hatelight. Then said Mr. Implacable,
Might I have all the world given me, I could not be
reconciled to him ; therefore let us forthwith bring him
in guilty of death.
And they did; therefore he was presently con-
so
demned to be had from the place where he was to the
place from whence he came, and there to be put to the
most cruel death that could be invented.
They therefore brought him out, to do with him ac-
cording to their law and
they scourged him, then
; first

they buffeted him, then they lanced his flesh with

knives after that, they stoned him with stones, then
;

pricked him with their swords ; and last of all, they

burned him to ashes at the stake. Thus came Faithful
to his end.
Now I saw, that there stood behind the multitude a
chariot and a couple of horses waiting for Faithful, who
(so soon as his adversaries had dispatched him) was
taken up into it, and straightway was carried up through
the clouds with sound of trumpet, the nearest way to
the celestial gate. But as for Christian, he had some
respite, and was remanded to prison: so he remained
there for a space. But He who overrules all things,

having the power of their rage in His own hand, so

wrought it about, that Christian for that time escaped
them, and went his way.
82 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

THE SEVENTH STAGE

Now I saw my
dream, that Christian went not
in
forth alone ; was one whose name was Hope-
for there
ful (being so made by beholding of Christian and Faith-
ful in their words and behavior, in their sufferings at
the fair), who joined himself unto him, and entering
into a brotherly agreement, told him that he would be
his companion. Thus one died to bear testimony to
the truth, and another rises out of his ashes to be a
companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This
Hopeful also told Christian that there were many more
of the men in the fair that would take their time and
follow after.
So quickly after they were got out of
I saw, that
the fair, they overtook one that was going before them,
whose name was Byends; so they said to him, What
countryman, sir? and how far go you this way? He
toldthem that he came from the town of Fairspeech,
and that he was going to the Celestial City ; but told
them not his name.
From Fairspeech ? said Christian is there any good;

that lives there ?

By. Yes, said Byends, I hope so.
Chr. Pray, sir, what may you ?
I call said Christian,
By. I am a stranger to to me
you, and you
if you ;

be going this way, I shall be glad of your company if ;

not, I must be content.

Chr. This town of Fairspeech, said Christian, I
have heard of; and, as I remember, they say it's a
wealthy place.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 83

By. Yes, I will assure you that it is ; and I have

very many rich kindred there.
Chr. Pray, who are your kindred there, if a man
may be so bold?
By. Almost the whole town but in particular my
;

Lord Turnabout, my Lord Timeserver, my Lord Fair-

speech, from whose ancestors that town first took its
name also, Mr. Smoothman, Mr. Facingbothways, Mr.
;

Anything; and the parson of our parish, Mr. Two-

tongues, was my mother's own brother, by father's side ;

and, to tell you the truth, I am become a gentleman of

good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but a
waterman, looking one way and rowing another, and I
got most of my estate by the same occupation.
Chr. Are you a married man ?
By. Yes, and my wife is a very virtuous woman,
the daughter of a virtuous woman she was my Lady
;

Feigning's daughter ; therefore she came of a very

honorable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of
breeding that she knows how to treat every one, whether
prince or peasant. 'Tis true, we somewhat differ in
religion from those of the stricter sort, yet but in two
small points First, we never strive against wind and
;

tide. Secondly, we are always most zealous when Re-

ligion goes in his silver slippers; we love much to walk
with him in the street, if the sun shines and the people
applaud him.
Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow
Hopeful, saying, It runs in my mind
that this is one
Byends, of Fairspeech and if it be he, we have as
;

very a knave in our company as dwell eth in all these

parts. Then said Hopeful, Ask him methinks he ;

should not be ashamed of his name. So Christian

came up with him again, and said, Sir, you talk as if
 ;

84 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

you knew something more than all the world doth ;

and, if I take not yuj mark

amiss, I deem I have half a
guess of you. Is not your name Mr. Byends, of Fair-
speech?
By. This not my name, but indeed it is a nick-
is

name that is given me by some that cannot abide me,

and I must be content to bear it as a reproach, as other
good men have borne theirs before me.
Chr. But did you never give an occasion to men to
call you by this name ?
By. Never, never ! The worst that ever I did to
give them an occasion to give me this name was, that I
had always the luck to agree in my judgment with the
present way of the times, whatever it was, and my chance
was to gain thereby : but if things are thus cast upon me,
letme count them a blessing but ; let not the malicious
load me therefore with reproach.
Chr. I thought, indeed, that you were the man
that I heard of ; and to tellyou what I think, I fear
this name belongs to you more properly than you are
willing: we should think it doth.
By. Well, if you will thus imagine, I cannot help it

you shall find me a fair company- keeper, if you will still

admit me your associate.
Chr. If you will go with us, you must go against
wind and tide the w hich, I perceive, is against your
;
T

opinion: you must also own Religion in his rags, as

well as when in his silver slippers and stand by him, ;

too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh

the streets with applause.
By. You must not impose, nor lord it over my
faith ; leave me to my liberty, and let me go with you.
Chr. Not a step farther, unless you will do, in what
I propose, as we.
MR. HOLDTHEWORLD AND MR. BYENDS
 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 85

Then said Byends, I shall never desert my old prin-

ciples, since they are harmless and profitable. If I may

not go with you, I must do as I did before you overtook
me, even go by myself, until some overtake me that
will be glad of my company.
Now, I saw in my dream, that Christian and Hope-
ful forsook him, and kept their distance before him
but one of them, looking back, saw three men follow-
ing Mr. Byends and, behold, as they came up with
;

him, he made them a very low bow; and they also gave
him a compliment. The men's names were, Mr. Hold-
theworld, Mr. Moneylove, and Mr. Saveall, men that
Mr. Byends had formerly been acquainted with; for
when children they were schoolfellows, and were taught
by one Mr. Gripeman, a schoolmaster in Lovegain,
which is a market-town in the county of Coveting, in
the North. The schoolmaster taught them the art of
getting, either by violence, cheating, flattering, lying,
or by putting on a guise of religion and these four ;

gentlemen had attained much of the art of their master,

so that they could each of them have kept such a school
themselves.
Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each
other, Mr. Moneylove said to Mr. Byends, Who are
they upon the road before us ? For Christian and Hope-
ful were yet within view.
By. They are a couple of fellow-countrymen, that,
after their mode, are going on pilgrimage.
Money. Alas why did they not stay, that we might
!

have had their good company ? for they, and we, and
you, sir, I hope, are all going on pilgrimage.
By. We are so, indeed but the men before us are
;

so rigid, and love so much their own notions, and do

also so lightly esteem the opinions of others, that let a
86 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
man be never so godly, yet if he agrees not with them
in all things, they thrust him quite out of their com-
pany.
Save. Thatbad but we read of some that are
is ;

righteous over much, and such men's rigidness prevails

with them to judge and condemn all but themselves.
But I pray, what, and how many, were the things
wherein you differed ?
By. Why, they, after their headstrong manner, con-
clude that it is their duty to rush on their journey all
weathers and I am for waiting for wind and tide.
;

They are for hazarding all for God at a clap and I am

;

for taking all advantages to secure my life and estate.

They are for holding their notions, though all other
men be against them but I am for religion in what and
;

so far as the times and my safety will bear it. They

are for Religion when in rags and contempt but I am
;

for him when he walks in his silver slippers, in the sun-

shine, and with applause.
Holdthewoiild. Aye, and hold you there still,
good Mr. Byends for, for my part, I can count him but
;

a fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he has,

shall be so unwise as to lose Let us be wise as ser-
it.

pents. It is best to make hay while the sun shines.

You see how the bee lieth still all winter, and bestirs
her only when she can have profit with pleasure. God
sends sometimes rain, and sometimes sunshine if they:

be such fools to go through the first, yet let us be con-

tent to take fair weather along with us. For my part,
I like that religion best that will stand with the secur-
ity of God's good blessings unto us for who can imagine,
,*

that is ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed

upon us the good things of this life, but that he would
have us keep them for his sake ? Abraham and Solo-
 :

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS $f

mon grew rich in religion ; and Job says, that a good
man shall lay up gold as dust ; but he must not be
such as the men before us, if they be as you have de-
scribed them.
Save. I think that we are all agreed in this matter
and therefore there needs no more words about it.
Moxey. No, there needs no more words about this
matter, indeed for he that believes neither Scripture
;

nor reason (and you see we have both on our side),

neither knows his own liberty nor seeks his own safety.
Then Christian and Hopeful outwent them again,
and went till they came to a delicate plain called Ease,
where they went with much content but that plain ;

was but narrow, so they were quickly got over it. Now
at the farther side of that plain was a little hill, called
Lucre, and in that hill a silver-mine, which some of
them that had formerly gone that way, because of the
rarity of it, had turned aside to see but going too near ;

the brim of the pit, the ground, being deceitful under

them, broke, and they were slain some also had been :

maimed there, and could not, to their dying day, be

their own men again.
Then I saw in my dream, that a little off the road,
over against the silver-mine, stood Demas (gentleman-
1

like) to call passengers to come and see who said to ;

Christian and his fellow, Ho turn aside hither, and I!

will show you a thing.

Chr. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of
the way to see it ?
Demas. Here is a silver-mine, and some digging in
it for treasure : if you will come, with a little pains you
may richly provide for yourselves.
Hope. Then said Hopeful, Let us go see.
i Demas : See 2 Timothy iv. 10.
 ;

88 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

Chr. Not I, have heard of this
said Christian : I

place before now, and how many have there been slain
and besides, that treasure is a snare to those that seek
it, for it hindereth them in their pilgrimage.
Then Christian called to Demas, saying, Is not the
place dangerous ? Hath it not hindered many in their
pilgrimage ?

Demas. Not very dangerous, except to those that

are careless but withal he blushed as he spake.
;

Chr. Then said Christian to Hopeful, Let us not

stir a step, but still keep on our way.
Hope. I will warrant you, when Byends comes up,
if he hath the same invitation as we, he will turn in

thither to see.
Chr. No doubt thereof, for his principles lead him
that way, and a hundred to one but he dies there.
Demas. Then Demas called again, saying, But will
you not come over and see ?
Chr. Then Christian roundly answered, saying,
Demas, thou art an enemy to the right ways of the
Lord of this way, and hast been already condemned for
thine own turning aside, by one of his Majesty's judges ;

and why seekest thou to bring us into the like condem-

nation ? Besides, if we at all turn aside, our Lord the
King will certainly hear thereof, and will there put us to
shame, where we would stand with boldness before him.
Demas cried again, that he also was one of their fra-
ternity and that if they would tarry a little, he also
;

himself would walk with them.

Chr. Then said Christian, What is thy name? Is
it not the same by which I have called thee ?

Demas. Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son of

Abraham.
Chr. I know you Gehazi was your great-grand-
:
HOPEFUL
 ,

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 89

father, and Judas your father, and you have trod in

their steps but a devilish prank that thou usest
; it is

thy father was hanged for a traitor, and thou deservest

no better reward. Assure thyself, that when we come
to the King, we will tell him of this thy behavior.
Thus they went their way.
By this time Byends and his companions were come
again within sight, and they at the first beck went over
to Demas. Now, whether they fell into the pit by
looking over the brink thereof, or whether they went
down to dig, or whether they were smothered in the
bottom by the damps that commonly arise, of these
things I am not certain but this I observed, that they
;

were never seen again in the way. Then sang Christian,

" Byends and Silver-Demas both agree ;

One calls, the other runs, that he may be

A sharer in his lucre ; two
so these
Take up in this world, and no farther go."

Now saw that, just on the other side of this plain,

I
the pilgrims came to a place where stood an old monu-
ment, hard by the highway-side, at the sight of which
they were both concerned, because of the strangeness
of the form thereof ; for it seemed to them as if it had
been a woman transformed into the shape of a pillar.
Here, therefore, they stood looking and looking upon
it, but could not for a time tell what they should make

thereof. At last Hopeful espied, written above upon

the head thereof, a writing in an unusual hand but he ;

being no scholar, called to Christian (for he was learned)

to see if he could pick out the meaning so he came, :

and after a little laying of the letters together, he found

the same to be this, " Remember Lot's wife." So he
read it to his fellow after which they both concluded
;
 ;

9° THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

that that was the which Lot's wife
pillar of salt into
was turned, for her looking back with a covetous heart
when she was going from Sodom for safety. Which
sudden and amazing sight gave them occasion for this
discourse.
Chr. Ah, my brother, this is a seasonable sight it :

came opportunely to us after the invitation which

Demas gave us to come over to view the hill Lucre
and had we gone over, as he desired us, and as thou
wast inclined to do, my brother, we had, for aught I
know, been made, like this woman, a spectacle for those
that shall come after to behold.
Hope. I am sorry that I was so foolish, and am
made to wonder that I am not now as Lot's wife for ;

wherein was the difference betwixt her sin and mine ?

She only looked back, and I had a desire to go see.
Let grace be adored; and let me be ashamed that ever
such a thing should be in mine heart.
I saw then that they went on their way to a pleasant
river, which David the king called "the river of God;''
but John, " the river of the water of life." Now their
way lay justupon the bank of this river here, there-
:

fore, Christian and his companion walked with great

delight ; they drank also of the water of the river, which
was pleasant and enlivening to their weary spirits.
Besides, on the banks of this river, on either side, were
green trees with all manner of fruit and the leaves
;

they ate to prevent diseases that are incident to those

that heat their blood by travel. On either side of the
river was also a meadow, curiously beautified with lilies ;

and was green all the year long. In this meadow

it

they lay down and slept, for here they might lie down
safely. When they awoke they gathered again of the
fruits of the trees, and drank again of the water of the
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS gi

river, and then lay down again to sleep. Thus they did
several days and nights.
So when they were disposed to go on (for they
were
not as yet at their journey's end), they ate,
and drank,
and departed.
Now
I beheld in my dream, that they had
not jour-
neyed far, but the river and the way for a time
parted,
at which they were not a little sorry
yet they durst ;

not go out of the way. Now the way from the

river
was rough, and their feet tender by reason of their
travels so the souls of the pilgrims were much dis-
;

couraged because of the way. Wherefore, still as they

went on, they wished for a better way. Now, a little
before them, there was on the left hand of the
road a
meadow, and a stile
1
to go over into it, and that
meadow is called the By-path meadow. Then said
Christian to his fellow, If this meadow lieth along by
our wayside, let's go over into it. Then he went t(Tthe
stile to see and behold, a
; path lay along by the way on
the other side of the fence. It is according to my wish,
said Christian here is the easiest going ; come, good
;

Hopeful, and go over.

let us
Hope. But how if this path should lead us out of
the way ?
That not likely, said the other. Look, doth it
is

not go along by the wayside ? So Hopeful, being per-

suaded by went after him over the stile.
his fellow,
When they were gone over, and were got into the
path, they found it very easy for their feet and withal, ;

they, looking before them, espied a man walking as

they did, and his name was Vain-Confidence so they :

called after him, and asked him whither that way led.
He said, To the Celestial Gate. Look, said Christian,
* Stile : Steps for crossing a fence or wall.
 :

92
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
did I not tell you so ? By
you may see we are
this
right. So they followed, and he went before them.
But behold, the night came on, and it grew very dark;
so they that were behind lost sight of him that went
before.
He, therefore, that went before (Vain-Confidence
by name), not seeing the way before him, fell into a deep
pit, which was on purpose there made, by the prince

of those grounds, to catch vain-glorious fools withal,

and was dashed in pieces with his fall.
Now, Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So
they called to know the matter, but there was none to
answer, only they heard a groaning. Then said Hope-
ful, Where are we now ? Then was his fellow silent,
as mistrusting that he had led him out of the way and ;

now it began to rain, and thunder, and lighten, in a

most dreadful manner, and the water rose rapidly.
Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, Oh, that I
had kept on my way !

Chr. Who could have thought that this path should

have led us out of the way ?
Hope. was afraid on't at the very first, and there-
I
fore gave you that gentle caution. I would have spoken

plainer, but that you are older than I.

Chr. Good brother, be not offended I am sorry I :

have brought thee out of the way, and that I have put
thee into such imminent danger. Pray, my brother,
forgive me ; I did not do it of an evil intent.
Hope. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive thee ;

and believe, too, that this shall be for our good.

Chr. I am glad I have with me a merciful brother
but we must not stand here let us try to go back again.
;

Hope. But, good brother, let me go before.

Chr. No, if you please, let me go first, that if there
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 93
be any danger, I may be first therein, because by my
means we are both gone out of the way.
Hope. No, said Hopeful, you shall not go first, for
your mind being troubled may lead you out of the way
again. Then for their encouragement they heard the
voice of one saying, "Let thine heart be toward the
highway, even the way that thou wentest turn again." :

But by this time the waters were greatly risen, by which

the way of going back was very dangerous. (Then I
thought that it is easier going out of the way when we
are in, than going in when we are out.) Yet they ad-
ventured to go back but it was so dark, and the flood
;

was so high, that in their going back they had like to

have been drowned nine or ten times.
Neither could they, with all the skill they had, get
again to the stile that night. Wherefore at last, light-
ing under a they sat down there till the
little shelter,

day brake but, being weary, they fell asleep. Now

;

there was not far from the place where they lay, a
castle, calledDoubting Castle, the owner whereof was
Giant Despair, and it was in his grounds thev now were
sleeping ; wherefore he, getting up in the morning
early, and walking up and down in his fields, caught
Christian and Hopeful asleep in his grounds. Then
with a grim and surly voice he bid them awake, and
asked them whence they were, and what they did in his
grounds. They told him they were pilgrims, and that
they had lost their way. Then said the giant, You have
this night trespassed on me by trampling in and lying
on my grounds, and therefore you must go along with
me. So they were forced to go, because he was stronger
than they. They had also but little to say, for they
knew themselves in a The giant,
fault. therefore,
drove them before him, and put them into his castle,
qa THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
into a very dark dungeon, filthy and evil-smelling to the
spirits of these two men. Here, then, they lay from
Wednesday morning till Saturday night, without
one bread or drop of drink, or light, or any to ask
bit of
how they did they were, therefore, here in evil case.
;

and were far from friends and acquaintance. Now, in

this place, Christian had double sorrow, because it was
through his unadvised counsel that they were brought
into this distress.
NowGiant Despair had a wife, and her name was
Diffidence so lie told his wife what he had done that
: :

he had taken a couple of prisoners, and cast them into

his dungeon for trespassing on his grounds. Then he
asked her, also, what he had best do further with them.
So she asked him what they were, whence they came,
and whither they were bound and he told her. Then
;

she counselled him, that, when he arose in the morning,

he should beat them without mercy. So when he
arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree cudgel, and
goes down into the dungeon to them, and there first
falls to abusing of them as if they were dogs, although

they gave him never a word of provocation. Then he

fell upon them, and beat them fearfully, in such sort

that they were not able to help themselves, or to turn

them upon the floor. This done, he withdraws and
leaves them there to condole their misery, and to mourn
under their distress so all that day they spent their
:

time in nothing: but sighs and bitter lamentations. The

next night, she, talking with her husband further about
them, and understanding that they were yet alive, did
advise him to counsel them to make away with them-
selves. So, when morning was come, he goes to them
manner, as before, and perceiving them to be
in a surly
very sore with the stripes that he had given them
 ;
:;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 05

the day before, lie told them, that since

they were
never like to come out of that place, their only way
would be forthwith to make an end of themselves,
either with knife, halter, or poison for why, said he, ;

should you choose to live, seeing it is attended with

so much bitterness ? But they desired him to let them
go. With that he looked ugly upon them, and rushing
to them, had doubtless made an end of them himself,
but that he fell into one of his fits (for he sometimes in
sunshiny weather fell into fits), and lost for a time the
use of his hands wherefore he withdrew, and left
;

them, as before, to consider what to do. Then did the

prisoners consult between themselves whether it was
best to take his counsel or no and thus they began to
;

discourse.
Chu. Brother, said Christian, what shall we do?
The life that we now live is miserable. For my part,
I knownot whether it is best to live thus, or to die and
have done with it. My soul choose th strangling rather
than life, and the grave is more easy for me than this
dungeon. Shall we be ruled by the giant?
Hope. Indeed our present condition is dreadful,
and death would be far more welcome to me than thus
forever to abide ; but yet, letus consider, the Lord of
the country to which we are going hath said, " Thou
shalt do no murder," no, not to another man's person
much more, then, are we forbidden to take his counsel
to kill ourselves. Besides, he that kills another, can
but commit murder upon his body ; but for one to kill
himself, is to kill body and soul at once. But, how-
ever, my brother, let us be patient, and endure a while
the time may come thatmay give us a happy release
but let us not be our own murderers. With these
words Hopeful at present did moderate the mind of his
96
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
brother ; so they continued together in the dark that
day, in their sad and doleful condition.
Well, towards evening the giant goes down into the
dungeon again, to see if his prisoners had taken his
counsel. But when he came there he found them
alive and, truly, alive was all for now, what for want
; ;

of bread and water, and by reason of the wounds they

received when he beat them, they could do but
little

breathe. But, I say, he found them alive ; at which he

fell into a grievous rage, and told them, that, seeing
they had disobeyed his counsel, it should be worse with
them than they had never been born.
if

At this they trembled greatly, and I think that

Christian swoon but, coming a little to
fell into a ;

himself again, they renewed their discourse about

the giant's counsel, and whether yet they had best
take it or no. Now Christian again seemed for
doing it but Hopeful made his second reply, as
;

followeth :
—
Hope. My brother, said he, rememberest thou not
how valiant thou hast been heretofore? Apollyon
could not crush thee, nor could all that thou didst hear
or see, or feel, in the Valley of the Shadow of Death.
What hardship, terror, and amazement hast thou al-
ready gone through and art thou now nothing but;

fears? Thou seest that I am in the dungeon with thee,

a far weaker man by nature than thou art. Also, this
giant hath wounded me as well as thee, and hath also
cut off the bread and water from my mouth, and with
thee I mourn without the light. But let us exercise a
little more patience. Remember how thou playedst the
man Vanity Fair, and wast neither afraid of the
at
chain nor cage, nor yet of bloody death wherefore, ;

let us (at least to avoid the shame that it becomes not

 ;

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 97

a Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as
well as we can.
Now, night being come again, the giant's wife asked
him concerning the prisoners, and if they had taken his
counsel to which he replied, They are sturdy rogues
:

they choose rather to bear all hardships than to make

away with themselves. Then said she, Take them into
the castle-yard to-morrow, and show them the bones
and skulls of those that thou hast already dispatched,
and make them believe, ere a week comes to an end,
thou wilt tear them in pieces, as thou hast done their
fellows before them.
So, when the morning
was come, the giant goes to
them again,and takes them into the castle-yard, and
shows them as his wife had bidden him. These, said
he, were pilgrims, as you are, once, and they trespassed
on my grounds, as you have done and, when I thought ;

fit, I tore them in pieces and so within ten days I will

;

do you. Go, get you down to your den again. And

with that he beat them all the way thither. They lay,
therefore, all day on Saturday in a lamentable case, as
before. Now, when night was come, Mrs. Diffidence
and her husband the giant began to renew their dis-
course of their prisoners ; and, withal, the old giant
wondered that he could neither by his blows nor counsel
bring them to an end. And with that his wife replied,
I fear, said she, that they live in hopes that some will

come to relieve them or that they have picklocks

;

about them, by the means of which they hope to escape.

And say est thou so, my dear ? said the giant. I will
therefore search them in the morning.
Well, on Saturda} about midnight, they began to
r
,

pray, and continued in prayer till almost break of day.

Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, as
 :

qS THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

one half amazed, brake out into this passionate speech
What a fool, said he, am I thus to lie in an evil-smell-
ing dungeon, when I may as well walk at liberty I !

have a key in my bosom, called Promise, that will, I

am persuaded, open any lock in Doubting Castle.
Then said Hopeful, That is good news good brother, :

pluck it out of thy bosom, and try.

Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and began
to try at the dungeon door, whose bolt, as he turned
the key, gave back, and the door flew open with ease,
and Christian and Hopeful both came out. Then he
went to the outward door that leads into the castle-yard,
and with his key opened that door also. After that he
went to the iron gate, for that must be opened too but ;

that lock went desperately hard, yet the key did open
it. They then thrust open the gate to make their
escape with speed but that gate, as it opened, made
;

such a creaking that it waked Giant Despair, who hastily

rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his limbs to fail for ;

his fits took him again, so that he could by no means

go after them. Then they went on and came to the
King's highway, and so were safe, because they were
out of his power.
Now, when they were gone over the stile they began
to contrive with themselves what they should do at that
stile to prevent those that should come after from fall-
ing into the hands of Giant Despair. So they agreed
to erect there a pillar, and to engrave upon the side
thereof this sentence :
" Over way to
this stile is the
Doubting Castle, which is kept by Giant Despair, who
despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, and seeks
to destroy his holy pilgrims." Many therefore, that
followed after, read what was written, and escaped the
danger.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS qq

THE EIGHTH STAGE

They went then till they came to the Delectable
Mountains, which mountains belong to the Lord of
that hill of which we have spoken before. So they
went up to the mountains, to behold the gardens and
orchards, the vineyards and fountains of water where ;

also they drank and washed themselves, and did freely

eat of the vineyards. Now, there were on the tops of
these mountains shepherds feeding their flocks, and
they stood by the highway -side. The pilgrims, there-
fore, went to them, and leaning upon their staffs (as is
common with weary pilgrims when they stand to talk
with any by the way), they asked, Whose Delectable
Mountains are these and whose be the sheep that feed
;

upon them?
Shep. These mountains are Emmanuel's land, and
they are within sight of his city and the sheep also
;

are his, and he laid down his life for them.

Chr. Is this the way to the Celestial City ?
Shep. You are just in your way.
Chr. How far is it thither ?

Shep. Too far for any but those who shall get
thither indeed.
Chr. Is the way safe or dangerous ?

Shep. Safe for those for whom it is to be safe ; but

transgressors shall fall therein.
Chr. Is there in this place any relief for pilgrims
weary and faint in the way ?
that are
Shep. The Lord of these mountains hath given us
IOo THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

a charge not to be forgetful to entertain strangers-,

therefore the good of the place is before you.
I saw also in my
dream, that when the shepherds
1
perceived that they were wayfaring men, they also put
questions to them (to which they made answer as in
other places), as, Whence came you? and, How got you
into the way ? and, By what means have you so perse-
vered therein ? for but few of them that begin to come
hither, do show their face on these mountains. But
when the shepherds heard their answers, being pleased
therewith, they looked very lovingly upon them, and
said, Welcome to the Delectable Mountains.
The shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge,
Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, took them by the
hand, and had them to their tents, and made them par-
take of what was ready at present. They said, moreover,
We would that you should stay here a while, to be ac-
quainted with us, and yet more to solace yourselves with
the good of these Delectable Mountains. Then they
told them that they were content to stay. So the}r
went to their rest that night, because it was very late.
Then I saw in my dream, that in the morning the
shepherds called up Christian and Hopeful to walk with
them upon the mountains. So they went forth with
them, and walked a while, having a pleasant prospect
on every side. Then said the shepherds one to another,
Shall we show these pilgrims some wonders ? So, when
they had concluded to do it, they had them first to the
top of a hill called Error, which was very steep on the
farthest side, and bid them look down to the bottom.
So Christian and Hopeful looked down, and saw at the
bottom several men dashed all to pieces by a fall that
they had had from the top. Then said Christian, What
1
Wayfaring men : Travellers.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS IOI

meaneth The shepherds answered, Have you not

this ?
heard of them that were made to err by hearkening to
false teachers ? They answered, Yes. Then said the
shepherds, Those that you see dashed in pieces at
lie

the bottom of this mountain are they and they have ;

continued to this day unburied, as you see, for an

example to others to take heed how they clamber
too high, or how they come too near the brink of this
mountain.
Then I saw that they had them to the top of another
mountain, and the name of that is Caution, and bid
them look afar off which, when they did, they per-
;

ceived, as they thought, several men walking up and

down among the tombs that were there and they per- ;

ceived that the men were blind, because they stumbled

sometimes upon the tombs, and because they could not
get out from among them. Then said Christian, What
means this ?
The shepherds then answered, Did you not see, a
below these mountains, a stile that led into a
little

meadow, on the left hand of this way? They answered,

Yes. Then said the shepherds, From that stile there
goes a path that leads directly to Doubting Castle,
which is kept by Giant Despair and these men (point-
;

ing to them among the tombs) came once on pilgrimage,

as you do now, even came to that same stile.
until they
And because the right way was rough in that place,
they chose to go out of it into that meadow, and there
were taken by Giant Despair, and cast into Doubting
Castle where, after they had a while been kept in the
;

dungeon, he at last did put out their eyes, and led

them among those tombs, where he has left them to
wander to this very day that the saying of the wise
;

man might be fulfilled, " He that wandereth out of the

io2 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
way of understanding shallremain in the congregation
of the dead." Then Christian and Hopeful looked one
upon another, with tears gushing out, but yet said
nothing to the shepherds.
Then said Hopeful to the shepherds, I perceive that
these had on them, even every one, an appearance of
pilgrimage, as we have now had they not ?
;

Shep. Yes, and held it a long time, too.

Hope. How far might they go on in pilgrimage in
their day, since they, notwithstanding, were thus miser-
away?
ably cast
Shep. Some farther, and some not so far as these
mountains.
Then said the pilgrims one to the other, We had
need to cry to the Strong for strength.
Shep. Aye, and you will have need to use it, when
you have it, too.
By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go forward,
and the shepherds a desire they should so they walked
;

together towards the end of the mountains. Then said

the shepherds one to another, Let us here show the pil-
grims the gates of the Celestial City, if they have skill
to look through our spy-glass. The pilgrims then
lovingly accepted the motion so they had them to
:

the top of a high hill, called Clear, and gave them the
glass to iook.
Then they but the remembrance of
tried to look ;

that last thing that the shepherds had shown them

made their hands shake, by means of which impediment
they could not look steadily through the glass yet ;

they thought they saw something like the gate, and

alsosome of the glory of the place.
When they were about to depart, one of the shep-
herds gave them a note of the way. Another of them
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS IC>3

bid them beware of the Flatterer. The third bid them

take heed that they sleptnot upon the Enchanted
Ground. And the fourth bid them God speed. So I
awoke from my dream.

THE NINTH STAGE

And and dreamed again, and saw the same
I slept
two pilgrims going down the mountains along the high-
way towards the city. Now, a little below these moun-
tains, on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit,
from which country there comes into the way in which
the pilgrims walked a little crooked lane. Here, there-
fore, they met with a very brisk lad that came out of
that country, and his name was Ignorance. So Chris-
tian asked him from what parts he came, and whither
he was going.
Ignor. Sir, I was born in the country that lieth off
there, a little on the left hand, and I am going to the
Celestial City.
Chr. But how do you think to get in at the gate,
for you may find some difficulty there ?
Ignor. As other good people do, said he.
Chr. But what have you to show at that gate, that
the gate should be opened to you ?
Ignor. I know my Lord's will, and have been a good
liver I pay every man his own
; I pray, fast, support
;

the church, and give alms, and have left my country for
whither I am going.
Chr. But thou earnest not in at the wicket-gate,
that is, at the head of this way ; thou earnest in hither
ia j.
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
through that same crooked lane, and therefore I fear,
however thou mayest think of thyself, when the reckon-
ing-day shall come, thou wilt have laid to thy charge,
that thou art a thief and a robber, instead of getting
admittance into the city.
Ignor. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me ; I
know you not be content to follow the religion of
;

your country, and I will follow the religion of mine. I

hope all will be well. And as for the gate that you
talk of, all the world knows that it is a great way off of
our country. I cannot think that any man in all our
parts doth so much as know the way to it nor need ;

they mind whether they do or no, since we have, as

you see, a fine, pleasant, green lane, that comes clown
from our country, the next way into the way.
When Christian saw that the man was wise in his
own conceit, he said to Hopeful, whisperingly, " There
is more hope of a fool than of him." And more-
said,
over, " When he that is a fool walketh by the way, his
wisdom faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is
a fool." What, shall we talk further with him, or outgo
him at present, and so leave him to think of what he
hath heard already, and then stop again for him after-
wards, and see if by degrees we can do any good by
him ?
So they both went on, and Ignorance came after.
Now, when they had passed him a little way, they en-
tered into a very dark lane, where they met a man whom
seven evil spirits had bound with seven strong cords,
and were carrying him back to the door that they saw
on the side of the hill. Now good Christian began to
tremble, and so did Hopeful, his companion yet, as ;

the evil spirits led away the man, Christian looked to

see if he knew him and he thought it might be one
;
IGNORANCE
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS IO $

Turnaway, that dwelt in the town of Apostasy. But

he did not perfectly see his face, for he did hang his
head like a thief that is found ont.
Then said Christian to his fellow, Now I call to my
remembrance that which was told me of a thing that
happened to a good man hereabout. The name of the
man was Littlefaith but a good man, and he dwelt
;

in the town of Sincere. The thing was this. At the

entering in at this passage, there comes down from
Broadway-gate a lane, called Deadman's lane so called ;

because of the murders that are commonly done there ;

and this Littlefaith going on a pilgrimage, as we do now,

chanced to sit down there and sleep. Now there hap-
pened at that time to come down the lane from Broad-
way-gate, three sturdy rogues, and their names were
Faintheart, Mistrust, and Guilt, three brothers; and
they, espying Littlefaith where he was, came galloping
up with speed. Now, the good man was just awakened
from his sleep, and was getting up to go on his journey.
So they all came up to him, and with threatening lan-
guage bid him stand. At this, Littlefaith looked as
white as a sheet, and had neither power to fight nor fly.
Then said Faintheart, Deliver thy purse but he mak-
;

ing no haste to do it (for he was loth to lose his money),

Mistrust ran up to him, and thrusting his hand into his
pocket, pulled out thence a bag of silver. Then he
cried out, Thieves, thieves ! With that Guilt, with a
great club that was in his hand, struck Littlefaith on
the head, and with that blow felled him flat to the
ground, where he lay bleeding as one that would bleed
to death. All this while the thieves stood by. But,
at last, they hearing that some were upon the road, and
fearing lest it should be one Greatgrace, that dwells in
the town of Good-Confidence, they betook themselves
106 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
to their heels, and good man to shift for him-
left this
self. Now, after a while, Littlefaith came to himself,
and getting up, made shift to scramble on his way.
This was the story.
Hope. But did they take from him all that ever he
had ?
Chr. No; the place where his jewels were they
never ransacked so those he kept still. But, as I was
;

told, the good man was much afflicted for his loss for ;

the thieves got most of his spending-money. That

which they got not, as I said, were jewels also, he had
;

a little odd money left, but scarce enough to bring him

to his journey's end. Nay (if I was not misinformed).
he was forced to beg as he went, to keep himself alive,
for his jewels he might not sell but beg and do what
;

he could, he Avent hungry the most part of the w ay. r

Hope. But is it not a wonder they got not from

him his certificate, by which he was to receive his ad-
mittance at the Celestial Gate ?
Chr. It is a wonder but they got not that, though
;

they missed it not through any good cunning of his ;

for he, being dismayed by their coming upon him, had

neither power nor skill to hide anything so it was
;

more by good providence than by his endeavor that

they missed of that good thing.
So they went on, and Ignorance followed. They
went on till they came to a place where they saw a
way put itself into their way, and seemed withal to lie
as straight as the way which they should go and here
;

they knew not which of the two to take, for both

seemed straight before them therefore, here they stood
:

still to consider. And, as they were thinking about

the way, behold, a man, black of flesh, but covered
with a very white robe, came to them, and asked their
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 107

why they stood there. They answered, they were going

to the Celestial City, but knew not which of these
ways to take. Follow me," said the man, " it is
"
thither that I am going." So they followed him in the
way that but now came into the road, which by degrees
turned, and turned them so far from the city that they
desired to go to, that in a little time their faces were
turned away from it yet they followed him. But, by
;

and by, before they were aware, he led them both with-
in the compass of a net, in which they were both so
entangled that they knew not what to do and with that ;

the white robe fell off the black man's back. Then they
saw where they were. Wherefore there they lay crying
some time, for they could not get themselves out.
Chr. Then said Christian to his fellow, Now do I
see myself in an error. Did not the shepherds bid us
beware of the Flatterer ? As is the saying of the wise
man, so we have found it this day u A man that rlat-
:

tereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet."

Hope. The}r gave us a note of directions about
also
the way, for our more sure finding thereof but therein ;

we have also forgotten to read, and have not kept our-

selves from the paths of the destroyer. Here David
was wiser than we for saith he,
;
" Concerning the
works of men, by the word of Thy lips I have kept me
from the paths of the destroyer." Thus they lay be-
wailing themselves in the net. At last they espied a
Shining One coming towards them, with a whip of
small cords in his hand. When he was come to the
place where they were, he asked them whence they
came, and what they did there. They told him that
they were poor pilgrims going to Zion, but were led
out of their way by a black man clothed in white, who
bid us, said they, follow him, for he was going thither,
10S THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
too. Then with the whip, it is Flatterer, a
said lie

false hath transformed himself into an

apostle, that
angel of light. So he rent the net, and let the men out.
Then said he to them, Follow me, that I may set you
in your way again. So he led them back to the way
which they had left to follow the Flatterer. Then he
asked them, saying, Where did you lie the last night?
They said, With the shepherds upon the Delectable
Mountains. He asked them then if they had not of the
shepherds a note of direction for the way. The} an- r

swered, Yes. But did you not, said he, when you were
at a stand, pluck out and read your note? They
answered, No. He asked them, Why? They said they
forgot. He asked, moreover, if the shepherds did not
bid them beware of the Flatterer. They answered,
Yes but
; we did not imagine, said they, that this fine-
spoken man was he.
Then I saw in my dream, that he commanded them
to lie down which, when they did, he chastised them
;

sore, to teach them the good way wherein they should

walk and as he chastised them, he said, " As many as
;

I love, I rebuke and chasten be zealous, therefore, and

;

repent." This done, he bids them to go on their way, and

take good heed to the other directions of the shepherds.
Now, after awhile, they perceived afar off, one coming
softly and alone, all along the highway, to meet them.
Then said Christian to his fellow, Yonder is a man
with back toward Zion, and he is
his coming to meet us.
Hope. I see him let us take heed to ourselves now,
;

lest he should prove a Flatterer, also. So he drew

nearer and nearer, and at last came up to them. His
name was Atheist, and he asked them whither they
were going.
Che,. We are going to Mount Zion.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 109

Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter.

Chr. What's the meaning of your laughter ?
Atheist. I laugh to see what ignorant persons you
are to take upon you so tedious a journey, and yet are
like to have nothing but your travel for your pains.
Chr. Why, man, do you think we shall not be re-
ceived ?

Atheist. Received There is not such a place as

!

you dream of in all this world.

Chr. But there is in the world to come.
Atheist. When I was at home in w\y own country
I heard as you now affirm and from that hearing, went
;

out to see, and have been seeking this city these twenty
years, but find no more of it than I did the first day I
set out.
Chr. We have both heard, and believe, that there is

such a place to be found.

Atheist. Had not I, when at home, believed, I had
not come thus far to seek but finding none (and yet I
;

should, had there been such a place to be found, for

I have gone to seek it farther than you), I am going

back again, and will seek to refresh myself with the

things that I then cast away for hopes of that which
I now see is not.
Chr. Then said Christian to Hopeful, his compan-
ion, Is it true which this man hath said ?
Hope. Take heed, he is one of the Flatterers. Re-
member what it cost us once already for our hearkening
to such kind of fellows. What! No Mount Zion Did !

we not see from the Delectable Mountains the gate of

the city ? Also, are we not now to walk by faith ? Let us
go on, lest the man with the whip overtake us again.
You should have taught me that lesson, which I will
sound you in the ears withal : " Cease, my son, to hear
 ;

IIO THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

the instruction that causeth to err from the words of
knowledge." I say, my brother, cease to hear him, and
let us " believe to the saving of the soul."
Chr. My brother, I did not put the question to thee,
for that Idoubted of the truth of our belief myself, but
to prove thee, and to fetch from thee a fruit of the hon-
esty of thy heart. As for this man, I know that he is
blinded by the god of this world. Let us both go on
knowing that we have belief of the truth and " no lie ;

is of the truth."
Hope. Now
do I rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
So they turned away from the man and he, laughing ;

at them, went his way.

I then saw in my dream, that they went on until they
came into a certain country whose air naturally tended
to make one drowsy, if he came a stranger into it.
And here Hopeful began to be very dull and heavy to
sleep wherefore he said unto Christian, I do now begin
;

to grow so drowsy that I can scarcely hold open mine

eyes let us lie down here, and take one nap.
;

Che,. By no
means, said the other ; lest, sleeping, we
never awake more.
Hope.Why, my brother, sleep is sweet to the labor-
ing man we may be refreshed, if we take a nap.
:

Chr. Do you not remember that one of the shep-

herds bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground ? He
meant by that, that we should beware of sleeping;
"therefore, let us not sleep, as do others; but let us
watch, and be sober."
Hope. acknowledge myself in a fault and had I
I ;

been here alone, I had, by sleeping, run the danger of

death. I see it is true that the wise man saith, " Two are
better than one." Hitherto hath thy company been my
mercy ; and thou shalt have a good reward for thy labor.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS m
I saw then, in my dream, that Hopeful looked back,
and saw Ignorance, whom they had left behind, coming
after. Look, said he to Christian, how far yonder
youngster loitereth behind.
Chr. Aye, aye, I see him : he careth not for our
company.
Hope. But I think it would not have hurt him, had
he kept pace with us hitherto.
Chr. That is true but I warrant you he thinketh
;

otherwise.
Hope. That I think he doth ; but, however, let us
tarry for him.
So they did.
Then Christian said to him, Come away, man ; why
do you stay so behind?
Ignor. You go so fast I cannot keep pace with you
Do you go on before I must stay awhile behind.
;
112 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

THE TENTH STAGE

Then Christian addressed himself thus to his fel-

iow :
—
Chr. Well, come, my good Hopeful, I perceive that
thou and I must walk by ourselves again.
So I saw in my dream, that they went on apace
before, and Ignorance he came hobbling after. Then
said Christian to his companion, I much pity this poor
man ; it will certainly go ill with him at last.
Hope. Alas there are abundance in our town in
!

his condition, whole families, yea, whole streets, and

that of pilgrims, too ; and if there be so many in our

parts, how many, think you, must there be in the place

where he was born ?
Now I saw in my dream, that by this time the pil-
grims were got over the Enchanted Ground, and enter-
ing into the country of Beulah, whose air was very
sweet and pleasant, the way lying directly through it,
they solaced themselves there for a season. Yea, here
they heard continually the singing of birds, and saw
every day the flowers appear in the earth, and heard
the voice of the turtle in the land. In this country
the sun shineth night and day wherefore this was:

beyond the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and also

out of the reach of Giant Despair neither could they ;

from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. Here

they were within sight of the city they were going to ;

also here met them some of the inhabitants thereof ;

for in this land the shining ones commonly walked,

because it was upon the borders of heaven.
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS u?
Now, walked in this land, they had more re-
as they
joicing than in parts more remote from the kingdom to
which they were bound and drawing near to the city,
;

they had yet a more perfect view thereof. It was

builded of pearls and precious stones, also the streets
thereof were paved with gold so that, by reason of
;

the natural glory of the city, and the reflection of the

sunbeams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick.
Hopeful also had a fit or two of the same disease.
Wherefore here they lay by it a while, crying out, be-
cause of their pangs, " If you see my Beloved, tell Him
that I am sick of love."
But being a little strengthened, and better able to
bear their sickness, they walked on their way, and
came yet nearer and nearer, where were orchards, vine-
yards, and gardens, and their gates opened into the
highway. Now, as they came up to these places, be-
hold, the gardener stood in the way ; to whom the pil-
grims said, Whose goodly vineyards and gardens are
these ? He answered, They are the King's, and are
planted here for His own delight, and also for the sol-
ace of pilgrims. So the gardener had them into the
vineyards, and bid them refresh themselves with the
dainties he also showed them there the King's walks
;

and arbors, where He delighted to be. And here they

tarried and slept.
So I saw that, when they awoke, they made them-
selves to go up to the city. But, as I said, the re-
flection of the sun upon the city for the city was—
pure gold —
was so extremely glorious, that they could
not as yet with open face behold it, but through an
instrument made for that purpose. So I saw that as
they went on, there met them two men in raiment that
shone like gold, also their faces shone as the light.
 ;:

ri 4 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

These men asked the pilgrims whence they came
and they told them. They also asked them where they
had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what com-
forts and pleasures, they had met with in the way
and they told them. Then said the men that met
them, You have but two difficulties more to meet with,
and then you are in the city.
Christian then, and his companion, asked the men
to go along with them so they told them that they
;

would but, said they, you must obtain it by your own

;

faith. So I saw in my dream, that they went on to-

gether till they came in sight of the gate.
Now I further saw, that betwixt them and the gate
was a but there was no bridge to go over, and
river ;

the river was very deep. At the sight, therefore, of

this river the pilgrims were much stunned but the ;

men that went with them said, You must go through,

or you cannot come at the gate.
The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no
other way to the gate. To which they answered, Yes ;

but there hath not any, save two, Enoch and Elijah,
been permitted to tread that path since the foundation
of the world, nor shall until the last trumpet shall
sound. The pilgrims then, especially Christian, began
to despond in their mind, and looked this way and that,
but no way could be found by them by which they
might escape the river. Then they asked the men if
the waters were all of a depth. They said, No ;
yet
they could not help them in that case ; for, said they,

you shall find it deeper or shallower as you believe in

the King of the place.
Then they made themselves ready to enter the water,
and entering, Christian began to sink, and crying out
to his good friend Hopeful, he said, " I sink in deep
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS u^
waters ; the billows go over my head ; all His waves
go over me."
Then said the other, Be of good cheer, my brother.
I feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Christian,
Ah, my friend, the sorrows of death have compassed
me about, I shall not see the land that flows with milk
and honey. And with that a great darkness and horror
fell upon Christian, so that he could not see before him.

Also here he in a great measure lost his senses, so that

he could neither remember nor orderly talk of any of
those sweet refreshments that he had met with in the
way of his pilgrimage. But all the words that he spoke
still tended to discover that he had horror of mind, and

heart-fears that he should die in that river, and never

obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, as they that
stood by perceived, he was much in the troublesome
thoughts of the sins that he had committed, both since
and before he began to be a pilgrim. It was also ob-
served that he was troubled with apparitions or hob-
goblins and evil spirits for ever and anon he would
;

intimate so much by words.

Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to keep his
brother's head above water; yea, sometimes he would
be quite gone down, and then, ere a while, he would
rise up again half dead. Hopeful did also endeavor to
comfort him, saying, Brother, I see the gate, and men
standing by to receive us. But Christian would answer,
It is you, it is you they wait for for you have been
;

hopeful ever since I knew you. And so have you, said

he to Christian. Ah, brother (said he), surely if I was
right He would now arise to help me but for my sins
;

He hath brought me into the snare, and hath left me.

Then said Hopeful, My brother, you have quite forgot
the text, where it is said of the wicked, " There are no
 ;

Il6 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

bands in their death, but their strength is firm they
;

are not troubled as other men, neither are they plagued

like other men." These troubles and distresses that you
go through in these waters, are no sign that God hath
forsaken you but are sent to try you, whether you will
;

call to mind that which heretofore you have received of

His goodness, and live upon Him in your distresses.
Then I saw in my dream, that Christian was in a deep
thought a while. To whom also Hopeful added these
words, Be of good cheer, Jesus Christ maketh thee
whole. And with that Christian broke out with a loud
voice, Oh, I see Him again, and He tells me, " When
thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee
and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee."
Then they both took courage, and the enemy was after
that as still as a stone, until they were gone over.
Christian, therefore, presently found ground to stand
upon, and so it followed that the rest of the river was
but shallow. Thus they got over.
Now, upon the bank of the river, on the other side,
they saw the two shining men again, who there waited
for them. Wherefore, being come out of the river,
they saluted them, saying, We are ministering spirits,
sent forth to minister to those that shall be the heirs of
salvation. Thus they went along towards the gate.
Now you must note, that the city stood upon a
mighty hill, but the pilgrims went up that hill with
ease, because they had these two men to lead them up
by the arms they had likewise left their mortal gar-
:

ments behind them in the river for though they went

;

in with them, they came out without them. They

therefore went up here with much agility and speed,
though the foundation upon which the cit\ was framed
was higher than the clouds they therefore went up
;
 ; '

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 117

through the region of the air, sweetly talking as they went,

being comforted because they had safely got over the
river, and had such glorious companions to attend the in.
The talk that they had with the shining ones was
about the glory of the place who told them that the
;

beauty and glory of it was inexpressible. There, said

they, is " Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the in-
numerable company of angels, and the spirits of just
men made perfect." You are going now, said they, to
the paradise of God, wherein you shall see the tree of
life, and eat of the never-fading fruits thereof : and
when you come there you shall have white robes given
you, and your walk and talk shall be every day with
the King, even all the days of eternity.
Now, while they were thus drawing towards the gate,
behold, a company of the heavenly host came out to
meet them to whom it was said by the other two shin-
;

ing ones, These are the men that have loved our Lord
when they were in the world, and that have left all for
His holy name and He hath sent us to fetch them, and
;

we have brought them thus far on their desired jour-

ney, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in
the face with joy. Then the heavenly host gave a
great shout, saying, " Blessed are they that are called
to the marriage-supper of theLamb." There came out
also at this time to meet them several of the King's
trumpeters clothed in white and shining raiment, who,
with melodious noises and loud, made even the heavens
to echo with their sound. These trumpeters saluted
Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes
from the Celestial City and this they did with shouts
;

ing and sound of trumpet.

This done, they compassed them round on every side
some went before, some behind, and some on the right
n8 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
hand, and some on the were to guard them
left (as it

through the upper regions), continually sounding as

they went, with melodious noise, in notes on high so ;

that the very sight was to them that could behold it as

if heaven itself was come down to meet them. Thus,
therefore, they walked on together and, as the}^ ;

walked, these trumpeters, even with joyful sound,

would, by mixing their music with looks and gestures,
still signify to Christian and his brother how welcome

they were to their company, and with what gladness

thev came to meet them. And now were these two
men, as it were, in heaven, before they came to it,
being carried away with the sight of angels, and with
hearing of their melodious notes. Here also they had
the city itself in view and they thought they heard all
;

the bells therein to ring, to welcome them thereto.

But, above all, warm and joyful thoughts that they
the
had about their own dwelling there with such company,
and that for ever and ever ; oh, by what tongue or pen
can their glorious joy be expressed !Thus they came
up to the gate.
Now when they were come up to the gate, there was
written over it, in letters of gold,

"BLESSED ARE THEY THAT DO HIS COMMANDMENTS,

THAT THEY MAY HAVE RIGHT TO THE TREE OF
LIFE, AND MAY ENTER IN THROUGH THE GATES
INTO THE CITY."

Then I saw in my dream, that the shining men bid

them call at the gate the which when they did, some
;

from above looked over the gate namely, Enoch, Moses,

;

and Elijah, and others, to whom it Avas said, These pil-

grims are come from the City of Destruction, for the
love that they bear to the King of this place and then :
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS no
the pilgrims gave in unto them each man his certificate,
. which they had received in the beginning. Those,
therefore, were carried in unto the King, who, when He
had read them, said, Where are the men ? To whom
it was answered, They are standing without the gate.

The King then commanded to open the gate, " That

the righteous nation (said He) that keepeth the truth
may enter in."
Now I saw my
dream, that these two men went
in
in at the gate and lo, as they entered, they were
;

transfigured and they had raiment put on that shone

;

like gold. There were also some that met them with
harps and crowns, and gave them to them the harps to ;

praise withal, and the crowns in token of honor. Then

I heard in my dream, that all the bells in the city rang
again for joy, and that it was said unto them,
"ENTER YE INTO THE JOY OF YOUR LORD."
I also heard the men themselves sing with a loud voice,
saying,

" BLESSING,AND HONOR, AND GLORY, AND POWER, BE

UNTO HIM THAT SITTETH UPON THE THRONE, AND
UNTO THE LAMB FOR EVER AND EVER."
Now, were opened to let in the men,
just as the gates
I looked in after them, and behold, the city shone like the

sun the streets also were paved with gold and in them
; :

walked many men, with crowns on their heads, palms in

their hands, and golden harps, to sing praises withal.
There were also of them that had wings, and they
answered one another without intermission, saying,
Holy, holy, holy is the Lord. And after that they shut
up the gates which, when I had seen, I wished myself
;

among them.
 1
H 70 86 i
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