VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS, ANUPPANADI, MADURAI-09.

CLASS: XII BIOLOGY

CHAPTER: 8 – HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES
Question bank
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1. A patient showed symptoms of sustained high fever, stomach pain and constipation, but no
blood clot in stools. Name the disease and its pathogen. Write the diagnostic test for the
disease. How does the disease get transmitted?
2. Name two diseases whose spread can be controlled by the eradication of Aedes mosquito.
3. How do haemozoin affect the human body when released in blood during malarial infection?
4. Name the causative organism of the disease amoebiasis. List three symptoms of the disease.
5. A) Name the protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery in humans. B) Mention two
diagnostic symptoms of the disease. C) How is the disease transmitted by others?
6. List the symptoms of ascariasis. How does a healthy person acquire this infection?
7. A) Which organ of the human body is initially affected when bitten by an infected female
Anopheles? Name the stage of the parasite that infects this organ. B) Explain the evengs that
are responsible for chill and high fever in the patient.
8. Name the parasite that causes filariasis in humans. Mention its two diagnostic symptoms.
How is this transmitted to others?
9. Write the scientific names of the causative organisms of elephantiasis, ringworm and
pneumonia in humans. Mention the body parts affected by them.
10. Trace the life cycle of malarial parasite in human body, when bitten by infected female
Anopheles.
11. A person shows unwelcome immunogenic reactions while exposed to certain substances.
(a) Name this condition.
(b) What common term is given to the substances responsible for this condition?
(c) Name the cells and the chemical substances released which cause such reactions.

12.

Fill in the blanks in the different columns of the table given below to identify the nos 1 to 6.
Name of
Causative organism Symptoms
disease
Pneumonia Streptococcus (1)
Typhoid (2) High fever, weakness,headache, stomach pain
Nasal Congestion, anddischarge sorethroat 
(3) Rhinoviruses
cough, headache
Ascariasis Ascaris (4)
Ringworm (5) Dry, Scaly lesions onvarious body parts,Intense itching, redness.
Entamoebahistolytic Constipation, cramps,abdominal pain, Stoolswith excess mucous
(6)
a andblood clots.

13. Study a part of the life cycle of malarial parasite given below. Answer the questions that follow:
(a) Mention the roles of 'A' in the life cycle of the malarial parasite.
(b) Name the event 'C' and the organ where this event occurs.
(c) Identify the organ 'B' and name the cells being released from it.
 IMMUNITY
14. State the function of interferons.
15. How do monocytes act as cellular barrier in humans to provide innate immunity?
16. How do cytokine barriers provide immunity in humans?
17. How do cytokine barriers help in evading viral infections?
18. Suggest a method to ensure an anamnestic response in humans.
19. In what way monocyte a cellular barrier with reference to immunity?
20. Name any two types of cells that act as “cellular barrier” to provide innate immunity in
humans.
21. Why is secondary immune response more intense than the primary immune response in
humans?
22. Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
23. Name and explain the two types of immune responses in humans.
24. **List any two types of immunity a human baby is born with. Explain the differences
between the two types.
25. How are primary and secondary immune response carried out in the human body? Explain.
26. Why is colostrum a boon to the new born baby?
VACCINATION AND IMMUNIZATION
27. Principle of vaccination is based on the property of “memory” of the immune system. Taking
one suitable example, justify the example.
28. How does a vaccine for a particular disease immunize the human body against that disease?
29. Why is a person which cuts and bruises following an accident administered tetanus antitoxin?
Give example.
ALLERGY
30. State the function of mast cells in allergy response.
31. Why do pollen grains of some flower trigger sneezing in some people?
32. How is allergic reaction caused by an allergen. Name the drug that can reduce the symptoms
of allergy?
AUTO-IMMUNITY
33. What is auto-immunity?
34. Why rheumatoid arthritis are called as auto-immune diseases.
HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
35. Differentiate between the role of B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte in generationg immune
response.
36. Why is the structure ofan antibody molecule represented as H2 L2 ? Name any two types of
antibodies produced in a human body.
37. Name one application for each of the following: a) passive immunization b) antihistamine c)
colostrum d) cytokine barrier
38. Name any two secondary lymphoid organs in a human body and state the function of any of
them.
39. Highlight the role of thymus as a lymphoid organs. Name the cells that are released from the
above mentioned gland. Mention, how they help in immunity?
40. Name the two types of immunity in a human body. Why are cell-mediated and humoral
immunities so called?
41. Identify A, B, C, D, E & F in the diagram of an antibody molecule given below.

42. How does a vaccine affect immunity? How does we get immnunization against tetanus?
43. What is the functional difference between B and T-cells.
ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
44. Retroviruses have no DNA. However, the DNA of the infected host cell does possess viral
DNA. How is it possible?
45. Why sharing of injection needles between two individuals is not recommended?
46. How do macrophages in the human body act as HIV factory? Explain the events that occur in
the infected cell.
47. Study the diagram showing replication of HIV in humans and answer the following questions
accordingly.

i) Write the chemical nature of the coat A

ii) Name the enzyme B acting on X to produce molecule C. Name C
iii) Mention the name of the host cell D the HIV attacks first, when it enters into the human
body.
iv) Name the two different cells the new viruses E subsequently attack.
 CANCER (NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES)
48. Indiscriminate diagnostic practices using X-rays, etc., should be avoided. Give one reason.
49. How are oncogenic viruses different from proto-oncogenes?
50. Why do normal cells not show cancerous growth?
51. State the effect of carcinogen on human body. Name the carcinogenic ionizing and non-
ionizing radiations. Mention their carcinogenic effects.
52. A) Explain the property that prevents normal cells from becoming cancerous. B) All normal
cells have inherent characteristic of becoming cancerous. Explain.
53. Difference between benign and malignant tumours.

ADOLESCENCE AND DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE

54. Explain “addiction” and “dependence” in respect of drug/alcohol abuse in youth.
55. “Prevention is better than cure” is an apt slogan to safeguard adolescents from drug abuse.
List any 6 steps that could be taken in this regard.
56. Why are adolescents especially advised not to smoke? How does smoking affect the
functioning of the body?
57. Name two drugs obtained from poppy plant. “These drugs are medically useful, but are often
abused”. Taking the mentioned examples justify by giving reasons.
58. What is “Withdrawal syndrome”? List any two symptoms it is characterized by.
59. A) Name the source plant of heroin drug. How is it obtained from the plant? B) Write the
effects of heroin on the human body.
60. Mention the useful as well as the harmful drug obtained from the latex of poppy plant.
61. How does smoking tobacco in humans lead to oxygen deficiency in their body?
62. Write the scientific name of the source plant of the drugs-marjuana and hashish, and mention
their effects on human body.
63. Name the opioid drug and its source plant. How does the drug affect the human body.
64. How are morphine and heroin related? Mention the effect each one of them has on the human
body?
65. A) Name the drug used a) as an effective sedative and pain killer b) for helping patients to
cope with mental illness like depression, but often misused.
66. How does moderate and high dosage of cocaine affect the human body?
67. Prior a sports event blood and urine samples of sports persons are collected for drug test. A)
why is there a need to conduct such tests? B) Name the drugs the authorities usually look for
C) Write the generic names of two plants from which these drugs are obtained.
68. Do you support “dope test” being conducted on sports persons participating in a prestigious
athletic meet? Give three reasons in support of your answer.
69. Write the source and the effect on the human body of the following drugs. A) Morphine B)
Cocaine C) Marijuana.