2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语
本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填

写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答

题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试

题序号从“21”开始。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂

黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相

应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）

第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for

this course:

Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2= 15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4= 20%.

Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the

course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through

Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to

complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings

or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to

take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign

group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at

home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade

for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after

the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class

will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will

be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook.

B. An exam paper.

C. A course plan.

D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?

A. Two.

B. Three.

C. Four.

D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero.

B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test.

D. You will have to rewrite it.

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The

arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken
dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner

invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula

went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made

six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste

goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s

cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —

from “ugly” (but quiet eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large

amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources

used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte

writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer

of greenhouse gases in the world.”

If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at

the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time —

but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their

last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which

recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than

807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished ( 有瑕疵的)

produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries?

Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the

road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone

can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than

necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the

side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste.

B. We waste food unintentionally at times.

C. We waste more vegetables than meat.

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline.

B. Environmental harm.

C. Energy shortage.

D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin’s company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment.

B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.

D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed.

B. Reduce food consumption.

C. Go shopping once a week.

D. Eat in restaurants less often.

The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to

look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity( 慈 善 组 织 ) to reduce

loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to

help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care

homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She

said: "I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their

breakfast each morning before I went to school."

"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning

letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed."

"It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their

children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.

I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful."

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the

North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out

countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to

embark on the project, said: "Residents really welcome the idea of the project

and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the

project can bring to people here."

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: "We are happy to be

taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a

shared interest and creative activities."

28. What is the purpose of the project?

A. To ensure harmony in care homes.

B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research.

D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills.

B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory.

D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7?

A. Improve.

B. Oppose.

C. Begin.

D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received.

B. It needs to be more creative.

D. It takes ages to see the results.

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m"

and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are

certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study

shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are

now found in half the world's languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech

sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "y", were more common in the

languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by

Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why

this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human

adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are

formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to

an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development

of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this

point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so

large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global

change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of

"f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These

sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people

today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were

present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech

sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human

beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the
product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural

evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.

32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus

on?

A. Its variety.

B. Its distribution.

C. Its quantity.

D. Its development.

33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.

B. They could not open and close their lips easily.

C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.

D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.

34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. Supporting evidence for the research results.

B. Potential application of the research findings.

C. A further explanation of the research methods.

D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.

35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A. It is key to effective communication.

B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.

C. It is a complex and dynamic system.

D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank

Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know

someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “__36__” With a
workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle

(微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just

want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think

about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but

it probably won’t result in a useful response. __38__ If you plan on working

out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her

notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week

and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also

listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.

__39__

You and your partner will probably have different skills. __40__ Over time,

both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and

you will become more physically fit. The core ( 核心 ) of your relationship is

that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for training partner should include such information.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）

第一节 （共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over

the past ten years.

children were little. Once, we __42__ along Chalk Creek. I was __43__ that our

15-month-old boy would fall into the creek ( 小 溪 ). I tied a rope around his

waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was

__44__, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So __45__ tying him

up, I just kept a close eye on him. It __46__ — he didn't end up in the creek.

My three-year-old, however, did.

Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when

we __47__, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly

__48__ our peaceful morning trip. The __49__ picked up and thunder rolled. My

husband stopped fishing to __50__ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No

__51__. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all

sat there __52__, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back.

We were __53__.

Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are

filled with a sense of __54__, wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will

experience next.

41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D.

discoveries

42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled

43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried

44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid

45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for

46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed

47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off

48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded

49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed

50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix

51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal

52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D.

53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right

54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D.

excitement

55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict

第二节（共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）

阅读下面短文，在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda

National Park (GPNP). ____56____ (cover) an area about three times ____57____

size of Yellowstone National Park, the CPNP will be one of the first national

parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number

of areas that ____58____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the

existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59____

(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next

year. The GPNP ____60____ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of

"protecting the authenticity and integrity ( 完 整 性 ) of natural ecosystems,

preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ____61____

leaving behind precious natural assets( 资 产 ) for future generations". The

GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ____62____

(population) and homes of giant pandas, and ____63____ (eventual) achieve a

desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve ____64____ an umbrella species( 物 种 ), bringing

protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern

parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the

species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve

the health of the ecosystem in the area.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节（满分 15 分）

假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教 Caroline 写

1. 节目介绍；

2. 访谈的时间和话题。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Caroline,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua