PILOT PROJECT FOR RAIN WATER

HARVESTING IN PARKS AND ROAD BELTS

OF RAWALPINDI

DETAIL REPORT
August - 2021

Submitted By

JULAYBIB ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS

Aziz Bhatti Town, Lahore
[email protected]
+92-322-4863501
 Table of Contents

CHAPTER-1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1

1.2 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 1

1.3 BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 2

1.4 PROJECT BRIEF ................................................................................. 3

1.5 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................ 3

1.6 NEED OF PROJECT ............................................................................ 6

1.7 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT .............................................. 6

CHAPTER-2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................... 7

2.1 RAWALPINIDI ...................................................................................... 7

2.2 MURREE .............................................................................................. 7

CHAPTER-3.LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 8

3.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) .................................................... 8

3.2 COMPONENTS OF RWH..................................................................... 8

3.3 USES AND BENEFITS ......................................................................... 9

3.4 CURRENT CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN ............................................ 9

3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 10

CHAPTER-4.SCOPE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN PROJECT AREA

...................................................................................................................... 11

4.1 HYDRO METEOROLOGICAL FEATURES OF RAWALPINDI ........... 11

4.2 URBAN FLOODING............................................................................ 12

4.3 GROUNDWATER DEPLETION .......................................................... 13

CHAPTER-5. METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 15

5.1 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................. 15

5.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 16

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 5.2.1 RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES ........................................................ 16

a) STUDY OF TOPO SHEETS, SATELLITE IMAGERIES AND DIGITAL

ELEVATION & DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS .......................................... 16

b) RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES.................. 17

5.2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL RAINWATER HARVESTING

SITES ......................................................................................................... 17

5.2.3 SCREENING AND RANKING OF POTENTIAL SITES .................... 17

5.3 DESIGN OF RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES ................ 18

5.3.1 DESIGN OF CONVEYANCE SYSTEM (IF ANY) ............................. 18

5.3.2 DESIGN OF FLUSHING TANK ........................................................ 18

5.3.3 DESIGN OF STORAGE TANK......................................................... 18

CHAPTER-6. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL ANALYSIS .............................. 20

6.1 CLIMTE OF RAWALPINDI ................................................................. 20

6.2 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA USED ....................................... 21

6.4 CATCHMENT PARAMETERS ............................................................ 22

6.5 ESTIMATION OF DESIGN FLOOD .................................................... 22

6.5.1 RAINFALL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS .............................................. 22

6.5.2 FLOOD HYDROGRAPH METHOD .................................................. 23

6.5.3 RATIONAL METHOD ....................................................................... 24

CHAPTER-7. CALCULTIONS AND DESIGN ............................................... 27

7.1 CONVEYANCE SYTEMS ................................................................... 27

7.2 STORAGE STRUCTURES ................................................................. 29

7.3 MODELS AND SOFTWARE: .............................................................. 29

7.4 RAWALPINDI ..................................................................................... 30

7.4.1 POTENTIAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SITES IN RAWALPINDI 30

7.4.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL OF PARKS .................... 33

7.5 MURREE ............................................................................................ 38

7.5.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL OF PARKS .................... 38

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: ............................................ 39

ANNEXURES: ............................................................................................... 40

ANNEXURE-A: LIST OF PARKS OF RAWALPINDI ..................................... 41

ANNEXURE-B: LIST OF PARKS OF MURREE ............................................ 43

ANNEXURE-C: LIST OF EXISTING TUBEWELLS UNDER PHA RAWALPINDI

...................................................................................................................... 44

ANNEXURE-D: ARCGIS PROCESSING (MAPS) ......................................... 45

ANNEXURE-E: STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE

TANKS .......................................................................................................... 71

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CHAPTER-1.
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Parks and Horticulture Authority (PHA is a government body which controls
the parks and plantings in Rawalpindi. It was established in 2014 with approval
of Chief Minister Punjab. The Authority is working under administrative control
of Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department (HUD
& PHED). PHA aims to creation & maintenance of parks, grounds including
medians and roadside greenbelts. PHA Rawalpindi is striving to make
Rawalpindi city greener through Horticulture & Landscaping. PHA Rawalpindi
is headed by an experienced Director General.

1.2 OVERVIEW

Pakistan has been facing rapid climate change since last few years and the
water resources of the country are at extremely vulnerable state. Water scarcity
is the principal issue in most of the developed cities of Pakistan. Rawalpindi is
the fourth largest city located on the Potohar Plateau in the Punjab province
of Pakistan, where water scarcity and accelerating demand of water are of
major concerns. Groundwater is the only source of fresh water being used for
drinking, domestic and horticulture purposes.

The groundwater resources of Rawalpindi and Islamabad are depleting due to

high usage at a rate of 1.7 m/year (UN-Habitat, 2018). Groundwater table in
the Potohar region (Rawalpindi district and its surroundings) has depleted by
116m in the last 30 years (WASA, 2012). As the growing population in the urban
areas and higher demand of water for crops and horticulture due to climate
change are putting more stress on underground aquifer whereas, the
groundwater levels have declined up to 30 m (from 550 feet to 650 feet) below
the Earth’s surface, over the last six years due to an over-extraction in the study
area (WASA, 2012).

Moreover, Asian Development Bank (ADB) placed Pakistan in red zone

declared it as a water-stressed country and is likely to face an acute shortage
of water in the next five years.

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According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) report (June, 2015),

Pakistan Demand for water is on the rise, projected to reach 274 million acre-
feet (MAF) by 2025, while supply is expected to remain stagnant at 191 MAF,
resulting in a demand-supply gap of approximately 83 MAF.

According to a new report (August 06, 2019) of World Resources Institute (WRI)
Pakistan is among 17 extremely high baseline water stress countries.

Fig. 1.1: World resource institute aqueduct 2014 water risk atlas

1.3 BACKGROUND

The scheme “Pilot Project for Rainwater Harvesting in Parks and Road Belts of
Rawalpindi” has been reflected in the ADP scheme 2021-22 with an estimated
cost of Rs.50.0 million. Scheme is basically a pilot project to harvest rainwater
to cope the water requirement of parks and greenbelts of Rawalpindi and it is
envisaged that the same will be replicated/ expanded after achievement of
requisite results. Parks and Horticulture Authority (PHA), Rawalpindi is
responsible for planning, designing and execution of the scheme.

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1.4 PROJECT BRIEF

The project is “Evaluation of Potential Rainwater Harvesting Sites and

Designing of Structures” for the scheme “Pilot for Rain Water Harvesting in
Parks and Road Belts, Rawalpindi

1.5 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The aforesaid assignment is proposed to be conducted in Parks of Rawalpindi

(attached as Annexure-A) and some Tehsils of Murree (attached as Annexure-
B) as per PHA Rawalpindi perspective. The location maps of the Parks of
Rawalpindi and Murree are shown below:

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Fig. 2.1: Location map showing Parks of Rawalpindi

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Fig. 2.2: Location map showing Parks of Murree

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1.6 NEED OF PROJECT

PHA Rawalpindi is facing an acute water shortage for water requirement of

parks, gardens and other horticulture purposes. There are only three number
of tube wells (list attached as Annexure-C) with 0.25 cusecs capacity of each
are working properly. Most of the parks are at vulnerable state because of lack
of water. On the other hand, unfortunately, a large volume of runoff generated
from annual rainfall ranging from 900 mm to 1600 mm (approx. 0.4 billion m3)
is wasted after getting mixed up with the sewer line and is discharged into the
Nullah Lai, which results in flooding in Nullah Lai. PHA Rawalpindi aims to
harvest the rainwater and later use it to fulfill its water requirement and other
horticulture purposes which ultimately helps in climatic and environmental
issues and brings pleasant atmosphere to the residents of Rawalpindi.

1.7 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main objective of the project is to catch and store the rainwater of Parks of
Rawalpindi and some tehsils of Murree in rainy days and later use it for meeting
the water requirement of PHA, Rawalpindi.

PHA intends to hire services of consultants/ experts to carry out the evaluation
of potential rain harvesting sites (from PHA perspective) and designing of the
relevant structures. Main aim is to store the rain water during precipitation and
later use it for meeting the horticulture requirements of PHA. Main purpose is
to have the rain water stored which will later the use for watering of plants in
green cover.

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CHAPTER-2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA

The project area is comprises of Rawalpindi and some tehsils of Murree

basically major parks of both cities (list attached as Annexure-A). The
description of project area is as follows:

2.1 RAWALPINIDI

Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city located on the Potohar Plateau in

the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a center of industrial, commercial, and
military activity. It receives a lot of rainfall precipitation ranging from 900 mm to
1500 mm annually with an average annual rainfall of 1346 mm. Annual rainfall
of only 249.1 millimeters (mm) was recorded in 1982. The high of 1,732 mm
was recorded in 1983. On average, 60 mm rain falls in January, February and
March, whereas for April, May June, July, August, September and December
the estimated monthly rainfall is 40, 35, 50, 200, 230, 90 and 30mm
respectively. The months of October with 10mm and November with just 8mm
were found the driest months of the year. The maximum recorded temperature
was 45.9 degrees Celsius (°C) in June 1972, and the minimum was –3.9°C in
one January before 1961.

2.2 MURREE

Murree is a mountain resort town, located in the Galyat region of the Pir Panjal
Range, within the Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan. It has average
altitude of 2,291 meters (7,516 ft.). Total mean precipitation annually is
1,904 mm (75.0 in) Murree receives around 62.6 inches of snow per year
according to a 13-year data. At an average temperature of 23.0 °C, June is the
hottest month of the year. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur
in January, when it is around 4.3 °C.

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CHAPTER-3.
LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH)

Rainwater harvesting is a tool for achieving sustainable water supply. It is a

method of collecting, storing and conserving local roof top and surface rainfall
runoff for future domestic utilization as well as groundwater recharge. There are
two types of rainwater harvesting:

i. Rooftop rainwater harvesting ii. Surface rainwater harvesting

3.2 COMPONENTS OF RWH

A rainwater harvesting systems consists of the following components:

a) Catchment b) Conveyance system
c) First flush d) Filter
e) Storage tanks and/or various recharge structures

Fig. 3.1 Schematic diagram of rooftop and surface rainwater harvesting

The system is designed as the harvested water enters a primary tank (flush
tank) first where sedimentation takes place and clean water enters into the
secondary tank from where water is drawn for horticulture purposes.

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3.3 USES AND BENEFITS

Harvested rainwater can be used for cooking, washing and bathing, laundry,
flushing toilets, fire protection, horticulture and many other non-potable
purposes.

• Helps in mitigating water scarcity

• Relief of strain on underground water supply
• Helps in recharge of ground water table
• Reduce energy expenses of extraction of water
• Improve plant growth
• Reduce water supply infrastructure costs
• Reduce likelihood of outbreak of diseases
• Reduce urban flooding
• Reduce topsoil loss
• Helpful for urban storm water planning
• Reduce storm water volume and peak storm water discharges

3.4 CURRENT CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN

a) Wastage of rain water (1346 mm average annual rainfall in Rawalpindi)

b) Stress on ground water
c) Water quality
d) Non-Awareness among people
e) Increase in population
f) Increase in use of household water

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3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

• Average annual rainfall of • Proper sites for land

1346mm in Rawalpindi District requirement
• Improved plant growth • Lack of laws and enforcement
• Best for horticulture as no • Allocation of funds and lack of
filtration of rainwater is required human resources
• Availability of water during dry • Lack of awareness among
periods/days Society
• Underground storage provide
long term water due to less
evaporation
• Less load on the system
• Cost effective (only investment
cost)
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
•
• Water can conserve safely • If proper storage system is not
• Reduce demand on natural designed, it may cause
aquifer microbial growth in water
• Provide water source for • Water quality is not properly
gardens parks and greenbelts checked so it may contaminate
• Reduce erosions due to runoff natural aquifer
• Replenish aquifers • Storage lake or storage system
may carry larva of mosquitoes
then health hazard may occur

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CHAPTER-4.
SCOPE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN PROJECT AREA

4.1 HYDRO METEOROLOGICAL FEATURES OF RAWALPINDI

Rawalpindi is situated in semi-arid climate region. Rainfall in Rawalpindi is

caused by two types of weather system: (i) winter rains and (ii) summer or
monsoon rains. In winter, rainfall is caused by westerly waves starting in
November and it frequency increases up to March. The winter rains are light in
intensity of less than one inch per hour. The monsoon from June to September
constitutes more than 70% of the annual rainfall. The monsoon season is at its
peak during July and August, and during these two months, there is more than
one half of the annual rainfall while October and November are the driest
months. Average rainfall in Rawalpindi is 1346 mm a year. There are winter
rains during December-February.

Usually, the heaviest rainfall occurs in five months of March, June, July, August
and September. This causes probable maximum flood (PMF) in July and
August due to the tropical depressions originating from the Bay of Bengal and
moving across Sindh and Punjab to arrive in Rawalpindi, after which they move
northwards to merge into the seasonal low. This routine meteorological
situation causes heavy rainfall over the catchment. Stress of inter-tropical front
along East to West of central India extends over Punjab and Sindh province
and adjoining South East of Baluchistan causing heavy rainfall.

Fig. 4.1: Rainfall trend of Potohar region (Rawalpindi and its surrounding)

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4.2 URBAN FLOODING

District Rawalpindi is situated in the semi-arid zone and receives a lot of rainfall.
Due to these heavy rainfalls (32.5 mm/hr.), urban flooding is produced during
monsoon season and mostly this rainfall runoff gets mixed up with the
sewerage waste water and is discharged into the Nullah Lai, which results in
flooding in Nullah Lai and ultimately causes environmental havoc on the public
living in surrounding of Nullah.

.Fig. 4.2: A view of flooding in Nullah Lai during monsoon

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The rainwater gathers in ponds and low lying locations in the study area and
routinely results in outbreak of diseases like Malaria, Dengue etc. Massive
traffic jams have been observed due to urban flooding which brings misery to
the residents. There is a need to collect the rain water before it is spreads on
the roads and cause the pluvial flooding.

Fig. 4.3: A view of flooding in areas surrounding Nullah Lai

4.3 GROUNDWATER DEPLETION

On the other hand, rapid growth in population of Rawalpindi region has made
ever-increasing demands on natural resources. Per capita water availability is
running out on a fast pace as it dropped to 850 m3 in 2013 as compared to
5,300 m3 in 1951. Pressure on water assets is increasing day by day with
developing demand but water resources are getting limited and this expanding
demand decreases sources of freshwater.

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Groundwater table in the Potohar region (Rawalpindi district and its

surroundings) has depleted by 116m in the last 30 years as reported by Water
and Sanitation Agency (WASA), Rawalpindi, in its finding in 2012. It is sharply
depleted from 550 feet to 650 feet over the last six years due to an over-
extraction, the Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) stated in a report.

Fig. 4.4: Ground water level depletion in Rawalpindi

Moreover, Asian Development Bank (ADB) placed Pakistan in red zone

declared it as a water-stressed country and is likely to face an acute shortage
of water in the next five years. According to a new report (August 06, 2019) of
World Resources Institute (WRI) Pakistan is among 17 extremely high baseline
water stress countries.

In a view of aforesaid scenarios, WASA had recommended a ban on the

installation of tube wells in the city areas. WASA recommended that the
government should construct new dams for the supply of water to the residents
instead of installing tube wells.

All these facts and figures emphasize the need to adjust water administration
to natural and modern techniques. RWH, among different choices, may assume
a focal part for providing freshwater even with increasing water shortage and
raising interest.

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CHAPTER-5.
METHODOLOGY

5.1 SCOPE OF WORK

The consultant will be expected to provide following services:

i) To carry out a general study regarding the scope of rain water harvesting
(primarily surface run-off) in Rawalpindi and Murree from PHA perspective.
ii) To identify potential rain water harvesting sites where different water
storage/ intercepting structures could be built and the stored water used for
horticulture and other allied works/ services thereafter.
iii) To suggest the type and capacity of water retaining structures to be
constructed at identified locations supplemented by an indicative flow
diagram.
iv) Consultant shall provide structural designs of the aforesaid structures duly
carried out by the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) registered Structure
Engineer.
v) Consultant shall assist the PHA staff during demarcation, level reading and
route selection etc., which will include necessary liaison with locals so as
to ensure smooth execution of works and achievement of public
satisfaction.
vi) Any other task assigned by the competent authority with mutual agreement.

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5.2 METHODOLOGY

Methodology

Reconnaisance Identication of Potential

Studies Harvesting Sites

Contouring of Generating
Study of Topographic Area Stream Lines
Hydrological Studies
Survey Sheets

Drainage Point
Site Selection
Analysis of DEM Analysis of DSM Analysis

Slope Analysis Flow Analysis

Screening

Design of
Structure

5.2.1 RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES

Reconnaissance studies include;

a) study of topographic survey sheets of Parks, Satellite Imageries,

Digital Elevation Models (DEM-12.5m x 12.5m) and Digital Surface
Model (DSM-30m x 30m);
b) hydrological studies
c) identification of potential harvesting sites
d) screening and/ or ranking of the potential sites.

a) STUDY OF TOPO SHEETS, SATELLITE IMAGERIES AND DIGITAL

ELEVATION & DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS
Topographic survey sheets of the parks (provided by the client) at the scale of
1:600 and 1:1200, High Resolution Satellite Imageries, Digital Elevation Models
(DEM – 12.5m x 12.5m) and Digital Surface Model (DSM-30m x 30m)
processed on ArcGIS will be studied for the verification of identified sites.

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b) RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES

Reconnaissance level hydrological studies of the identified rainwater harvesting

sites will be carried out by the Consultant which will include rainfall analysis,
IDF curves, site visits, review of previous studies and reports.

5.2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SITES

Consultants would quickly go through the sites and locate the sites to be
considered for the feasibility. Consultants would explore the region on Satellite
imagery, Digital Elevation Model (DEM-12.5m x 12.5m) and Digital Surface
Model (DSM-30m x 0m) by generating contour, stream lines, drainage lines and
drainage points in the region to identify possible rainwater harvesting sites and
check them on the ground.

5.2.3 SCREENING AND RANKING OF POTENTIAL SITES

Screening and/ or ranking of the potential rainwater harvesting sites will be

carried by the process given below:

After carrying out the aforesaid studies, analysis of mean annual runoff, the
estimation of catchment area, storage capacity type and the storage structure
will be estimated. Storage structure capacity will be estimated by considering
mean annual runoff over the catchment, rainfall intensity, and one day
maximum rainfall of the region in account.

The following considerations would be given for ranking of rainwater harvesting

sites for the project. Weightage to each could be proposed in consultation with
the Client.

• Topographic of the area/ park

• Catchment area of identified harvesting site
• Horticulture command area of the park
• Water requirement of the park
• Water table depth in the command area

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5.3 DESIGN OF RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES

After identification of the potential rainwater harvesting sites, the following

system/ structures will be proposed to harvest the rainwater at location
specified in collaboration with the client:

i) Conveyance system

ii) Flushing tank

iii) Storage Tank

The design criteria and methods adopted for structures are described below:

5.3.1 DESIGN OF CONVEYANCE SYSTEM (IF ANY)

The conveyance system for each park in the study area will be proposed as per
the topography of the area. It may be piping system, drains network, or simply
the ground surface.

5.3.2 DESIGN OF FLUSHING TANK

The flushing tank was designed on the criterion of 1 mm of precipitation over

the catchment area of each park.

5.3.3 DESIGN OF STORAGE TANK

The design of recharge well/storage tank can be carried out by following

criterion (whichever suitable) which are as follows:

a) Based on Time of Concentration (Tc)

Time of concentration is defined as the time needed for water to flow from the
most remote point in a watershed to the watershed outlet. It is a function of the
topography, geology, and land use within the watershed. The time of
concentration can find time of concentration from the KIRPICH equation (1940)
as follows:

T𝑐 = 0.00947 L0.77 . S−0.38

L = length between farthest point of rooftop and outlet

S = slope of the park

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After calculating time of concentration for each park, volume of recharge well
the following equation will be used.

V = Q. 𝑇c
V = volume of recharge well
Q = discharge
Tc = time of concentration

b) Based on Duration of Rainy Hours

In this criterion, the rainy hours per day are assumed according to the climatic
features of the region. For Rawalpindi the rainy hours are assumed to be 3 per
day. The storage tank volume was then calculated from following equation:

V = Q x Rainy hours

Q = discharge on the rooftop

c) Based on Maximum Daily Rainfall

This the criterion which was selected for the design of recharge well for
rainwater collection in parks. The following formula is used for the calculation
of recharge well volume.

V = K. I. A
V = volume of recharge well
K = runoff coefficient
I = average maximum storm precipitation
A = catchment area

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CHAPTER-6.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL ANALYSIS

6.1 CLIMTE OF RAWALPINDI

Climate of Rawalpindi is humid subtropical. The summer season is long and

hot and winter season is mild and wet. Rawalpindi experiences thunderstorms
rain during Monsoon period (July to September). Islamabad Airport (previously
called Chaklala Airport) rain gauging station is the nearest gauging station in
the vicinity of the project area. This gauging station is maintained by Pakistan
Meteorological Department (PMD).

The station provides a fair representative estimate for the climate parameters
of the project site. Over the entire year, the temperature varies from 3°C to 38°C
and rarely goes down to -2°C or above 46°C in winter and summer,
respectively. The hot season usually lasts for 4 months, May to August, with an
average daily high temperature remains above 36°C. June is the hottest month
of the year. The cool season lasts for 3 months, from start of December to end
of February, with an average daily high temperature below 19°C. January is the
coldest month of the year. The maximum temperature 46.6 °C was recorded on
June 23, 2005 and minimum -2 °C was recorded on January 21, 2008.

The average annual rainfall is 1,346 mm and maximum amount of rainfall is

observed during the monsoon period. August is the month of heaviest rainfall
with average rainfall 340 mm while the month of November receives the
minimum rainfall in the year with an average rainfall of 14.4 mm. Almost 60%
of the rainfall occurs during monsoon season (July – September). In order to
carry out the hydrological studies, Islamabad Airport rain gauge station data
has been used as it is the nearest gauging station Temperature and rainfall
trends at Islamabad Airport gauging station are presented in Figure-6.1.

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Fig. 6.1: Temperature and Rainfall Trends at Rawalpindi

6.2 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA USED

Hydro-meteorological data (Rainfall and Discharge) has been collected for the
estimation of design discharges and rainwater harvesting potential at the cross-
drainage points given in chapter-7. Design discharge and rainwater harvesting
potential of each parks has been estimated using rainfall-runoff analyses.

For all other drainage points, one-day annual maximum rainfall data (1970 to
2018) of Rawalpindi has been used for the estimation of design flood
discharges and rainwater harvesting potentials. The rainfall data has been
collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Perusal of the
historic data shows that the maximum one-day rainfall of 312 mm was
witnessed in 1955 while average annual one-day rainfall is 106 mm. Figure-
6.52 shows the trends of annual maximum rainfalls observed at Islamabad
Airport gauging station.

Fig. 6.2: One-Day Annual Maximum Rainfalls at Rawalpindi

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6.4 CATCHMENT PARAMETERS

A number of natural streams, drainage lines and drainage points have been
generated. The catchment characteristics of the streams along the parks roads
and streets have been determined using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) having grid size of 12.5m x 12.5m
and Digital Surface Models (DSM) having grid size of 30m x 30m, processed in
ArcGIS. The same DEM and DSM has also been used for delineating
catchment areas.

The catchment characteristics that have been investigated through the satellite
imagery included catchment area, percent impervious, roughness coefficient,
hydrologic conditions of area, soil cover, land use and treatments, soil type and
extents. The slope and length of the streams have been determined by using
Digital Elevation Models (DEM).

6.5 ESTIMATION OF DESIGN FLOOD

The following method has been utilized to estimate the rainwater harvesting
potential for streams crossings the parks i.e., estimation of rainwater harvesting
potential, volume of storage tank etc. by rainfall-runoff analyses.

6.5.1 RAINFALL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Rainfall frequency analysis for 1-day annual maximum rainfall data of
Islamabad Airport station has been carried out. Gumbel’s extreme value Type-
I frequency distribution using Weibull’s formula plotting position has been used.
Results of the frequency analysis are given in Table 6.1 and regression line is
presented in Figure-6.3.

Table: 6.1- Results of frequency analysis of Rawalpindi

Return Period Rainfall Depth Rainfall Depth

(years) (mm) (in)

2.33 111 4.37

5 152 5.98
10 185 7.28
25 227 8.94
50 258 10.16
100 289 11.38

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Fig. 6.3: Frequency Analysis of 1-day Annual Maxima of Rawalpindi

6.5.2 FLOOD HYDROGRAPH METHOD

For the catchment areas greater than 1km2, the US Soil Conservation Services
Unit Hydrograph Method (SCS-UH) has been used to estimate peak
discharges. This method requires the following information about the
catchment.

• Maximum 24-hour rainfall for the design return period

• Length of stream measured along the longest path travelled by storm water
from head to the site
• Slope of stream from head to site
• Catchment area
• Antecedent soil moisture condition
• Soil group

i) Estimation of Curve Number (CN)

The US-NRCS procedure consists of selecting a storm and computing the

direct runoff by the use of curves founded on field studies of the amount of

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measured runoff from numerous soil cover combinations. The land use of the
area has been visualized from the images of Google Earth and SOP maps.

US-NRCS divides soil types into four major hydrologic soil groups denoted by
the letters “A” through “D”. “A” soils are those which have high infiltration
capacity and subsequently low runoff rates. “D” soils are those with very low
infiltration capacity and very high runoff rates.

Antecedent moisture conditions (AMC) at occurrence of design storm have

significant effect over runoff magnitudes. For major rainfall events, the AMC-III
condition is the critical soil moisture condition. According to (United States Soil
Conservation Services) USSCS, if five days antecedent rainfall is less than 36
mm during growing season, then it is Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC)-I
condition, if it is greater than 53 mm, then it is called AMC-III condition,
otherwise it is AMC-II condition. The AMC-III condition is most critical soil
moisture condition and selected for the runoff estimation due to design rainfall.
The curve no at AMC-II has been estimated as 70 and corresponding curve
number for AMC-I and AMC-III are 51 and 85 respectively

6.5.3 RATIONAL METHOD

For the catchments having area less than 1 km2, rational method has been used
to compute the floods. Rational method technique is described under:
Q = CIA
Where,
Q = Peak Discharge (Cusecs)
C= coefficient of discharge
I = Intensity of Rainfall (Inches/hour)
A = Catchment Area (Acres)

i) Time of Concentration

Time of concentration (Tc) is the time required for runoff to travel from the
hydraulically most distant point in the watershed to the outlet. Kirpich formula
has been used for computation of time of concentration which is given in
equation below:

𝐿1.15
𝑇𝑐 =
7700 𝑥 (𝐻)0.385

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Where

Tc = Time of Concentration (hours)

L = Length of the longest stream (ft.)
H = Fall in length L (ft.)

ii) Estimation of Runoff Coefficient (C)

The runoff coefficient “C” is required for the estimation design discharges with
rational formula.

Table: 6.2 - Coefficient of Runoff

Description Runoff Coefficient

Business
Downtown Areas 0.70 – 0.95
Neighborhood Areas 0.50 – 0.70
Residential
Single Family 0.30 – 0.50
Multi-Family Detached 0.40 – 0.60
Multi-Family Attached 0.60 – 0.75
Residential Suburban 0.25 – 0.40
Apartments 0.50 – 0.70
Parks and Farms 0.05-0.30
Playgrounds 0.20 – 0.35
Railroad yards 0.20 – 0.40
Unimproved Areas 0.10 – 0.30
Drives and Walks 0.75 – 0.85
Roofs 0.75 – 0.95
Streets
Asphalt 0.70 – 0.95
Concrete 0.80 – 0.95
Brick 0.70 – 0.85
Lawns (Sandy Soils)
Flat, 2% Slope 0.05 – 0.10
Average, 2-7% Slope 0.10 – 0.15
Steep, >7% Slope 0.15 – 0.20

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Lawns (Heavy Soils)

Flat, 2% Slope 0.13 – 0.17
Average, 2-7% Slope 0.18 – 0.22
Steep, >7% Slope 0.25 – 0.35

The ‘C’ coefficient for the project area has been estimated as 0.20 for parks and 0.80
for streets and roads.

iii) Rainfall Intensity

Rainfall intensity is defined as the ratio of the total amount of rain (rainfall depth)
falling during a given period to the duration of the period It is expressed in depth
units per unit time, usually as mm/hour or inch/hour. Intensity-Duration-
frequency curve is given in Figure 6.4.

Fig. 6.4: Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves

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CHAPTER-7.
CALCULTIONS AND DESIGN

This chapter will brief about the potential harvesting sites in Rawalpindi and
Murree, annual rainwater harvesting potential of each site, their location, and
proposed size of storage structures.

During rainfall, rainwater from the roads and streets as sheet flow is carried by
stormwater drains, afterwards from these drains, rainwater is directed towards
the storage tank through underground piping system as shown in figure 7.1.
Similarly, rainwater from parks as surface flow is gathered at open drain which
will carry them to flushing tank and ultimately underground storage tank.

7.1 CONVEYANCE SYTEMS

Conveyance system is generally pipe or drain system which are proposed in

such a way that they carry the rainwater from stormwater drains of roads to
flushing tank and then ultimately to storage tank. The schematic diagram of
rainwater harvesting from stormwater drain is shown below:

Fig. 7.1: Schematic diagram of rainwater collection from stormwater drains

Open drains as conveyance system are proposed inside the park and on the
sides of the roads/ streets in the vicinity of the parks to carry the rainwater to

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underground storage tank. They may be of U-shape, V-shape or C-type drain

according to topography and suitability. Drains should be covered at public

gathering and walking places. A view of such drains is show in figures below:

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Fig. 7.2: Proposed drains in parks and roads to carry rainwater

7.2 STORAGE STRUCTURES

The storage structure proposed for rainwater harvesting is underground water

tank. Rainwater harvesting potential of each potential site and park is calculated
after rainfall analysis of the previous data collected form annual flood reports
from the website of Federal Flood Commission, Pakistan and PMD. The volume
of flushing and storage tanks are proposed as discussed in Chapter-3. The
rainwater harvesting potential and proposed volume of flushing and storage
tanks are given in tables given below:

7.3 MODELS AND SOFTWARE:

Following Models and software will be used for assigned project:

1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

2) Digital Surface Model (DSM)
3) Satellite Imageries
4) Google Earth Pro
5) Arc GIS 10.5
6) MS Excel 2013
7) MS Word 2013

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7.4 RAWALPINDI

7.4.1 POTENTIAL RAINWATER HARVESTING SITES IN RAWALPINDI

A number of natural streams generates in the city during rainy days which flows
as sheet flow and concentrated shallow concentrated flow which is collected by
stormwater drains which ultimately fall in Nullah Lai which flows through the
Rawalpindi city. The catchment characteristics of the streams have been
determined using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission (SRTM) having grid size of 12.5m x 12.5m and Digital Surface Models
(DSM) having grid size of 30m x 30m processed in ArcGIS. The same DEM
and DSM has also been used for delineating catchment areas and for
identification of potential harvesting sites based on drainage lines, drainage
points and stream orders and their respective catchment areas.

Potential harvesting sites outside parks and their description are given in the
table below:

Table: 7.1- Potential rainwater harvesting sites in Rawalpindi

Catchment
Sr. Coordinates Elevation
Area Description
No.
Latitude Longitude (m) (Kanal)

1 33.6029 73.0815 497 12372 Near Rawal Complex

499 Near Shereen Bakers, Umar

2 33.6090 73.0699 7772
Road

3 33.6409 73.0546 509 6523 Near Qasim Scrape Yard

4 33.6417 73.0593 511 6035 Near Millia Park

5 33.6148 73.0690 499 5345 Near Millar Colony Park

6 33.6429 73.0685 511 4647 Near The Prep School

503 Near Govt. College for

7 33.6181 73.0832 4631
Women

8 33.6256 73.0785 503 3550 Near Rawal Park

9 33.5973 73.1074 489 3451 Near Potohar Park

10 33.6476 73.0996 502 3263 Near Islamabad expressway

11 33.6223 73.0315 507 3120 Near Railway Carriage Road

12 33.6445 73.0765 514 2794 Near Dhoke Khillu Park

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13 33.6265 73.0979 505 2104 Near AD Office Afohs

14 33.5987 73.1315 480 1876 Near Liaquat Ali Park

15 33.6517 73.0963 504 1748 Near Islamabad expressway

16 33.6267 73.0560 509 1542 Near Dosehra Ground Park

17 33.6334 73.0671 506 1416 Near Community Park

18 33.6381 73.0457 505 987 Near Quaid-e-Azam Park

19 33.6392 73.0449 510 928 Near Quaid-e-Azam Park

20 33.6362 73.0657 509 725 Near Eidhi Park 1

21 33.6354 73.0654 509 503 Near Eidhi Park

22 33.6051 73.0635 496 279 Near PHA, Rawalpindi

Potential harvesting sites outside parks, their description and annual rainwater
harvesting potential with 50% effectiveness are given in the table below:

Table: 7.2- Annual rainwater harvesting potential of potential harvesting sites

Annual Rainwater
Sr. Coordinates Catchment Area
Harvesting Potential
No.
Latitude Longitude (Kanal) (Gallons)
1 33.6029 73.0815 12372 612,631,749
2 33.6090 73.0699 7772 384,854,857

3 33.6409 73.0546 6523 322,996,855

4 33.6417 73.0593 6035 298,835,851

5 33.6148 73.0690 5345 264,675,719

6 33.6429 73.0685 4647 230,117,199

7 33.6181 73.0832 4631 229,316,026

8 33.6256 73.0785 3550 175,813,218

9 33.5973 73.1074 3451 170,875,565

10 33.6476 73.0996 3263 161,580,734

11 33.6223 73.0315 3120 154,501,568

12 33.6445 73.0765 2794 138,366,889

13 33.6265 73.0979 2104 104,174,560

14 33.5987 73.1315 1876 92,916,809

15 33.6517 73.0963 1748 86,568,349

16 33.6267 73.0560 1542 76,348,374

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17 33.6334 73.0671 1416 70,134,371

18 33.6381 73.0457 987 48,884,550

19 33.6392 73.0449 928 45,970,109

20 33.6362 73.0657 725 35,912,636

21 33.6354 73.0654 503 24,914,332

22 33.6051 73.0635 279 13,824,561

Potential harvesting sites outside parks, their description with respective

proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks for each catchment with 50%
effectiveness are given in the table below:

Table: 7.3- Proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks

Annual Rainwater Proposed Volume
Catchment
Sr. Coordinates Harvesting Flush Storage
Area
No. Potential Tank Tank
Latitude Longitude (Kanal) (Gallon) (Gallons) (Gallons)
1 33.6029 73.0815 12372 918,947,624 455150 48245888
2 33.6090 73.0699 7772 577,282,285 285925 30308035
3 33.6409 73.0546 6523 484,495,283 239968 25436602
4 33.6417 73.0593 6035 448,253,777 222018 23533878
5 33.6148 73.0690 5345 397,013,579 196639 20843704
6 33.6429 73.0685 4647 345,175,798 170964 18122157
7 33.6181 73.0832 4631 343,974,039 170369 18059063
8 33.6256 73.0785 3550 263,719,828 130619 13845617
9 33.5973 73.1074 3451 256,313,348 126951 13456768
10 33.6476 73.0996 3263 242,371,101 120045 12724783
11 33.6223 73.0315 3120 231,752,352 114786 12167285
12 33.6445 73.0765 2794 207,550,334 102799 10896650
13 33.6265 73.0979 2104 156,261,840 77396 8203940
14 33.5987 73.1315 1876 139,375,213 69032 7317371
15 33.6517 73.0963 1748 129,852,523 64315 6817418
16 33.6267 73.0560 1542 114,522,560 56722 6012576
17 33.6334 73.0671 1416 105,201,556 52106 5523212
18 33.6381 73.0457 987 73,326,825 36318 3849749
19 33.6392 73.0449 928 68,955,163 34153 3620231

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20 33.6362 73.0657 725 53,868,954 26681 2828187

21 33.6354 73.0654 503 37,371,498 18510 1962050
22 33.6051 73.0635 279 20,736,841 10271 1088710

Maps of above mentioned potential harvesting sites, their delineated catchment

areas, drainage lines, drainage points and stream order are provided in figures
given in Annexure-D.

7.4.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL OF PARKS

The catchment characteristics of the each park has been analyzed using
topographic survey sheets of scale 1:600 and 1:1200 and processed in ArcGIS.
Drainage lines have been determined using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) having grid size of 12.5m x 12.5m
and Digital Surface Models (DSM) having grid size of 30m x 30m processed in
ArcGIS. The same DEM and DSM has also been used for delineating
catchment areas and for identification of potential harvesting sites based on
drainage lines, drainage points and stream orders and their respective
catchment areas. Annual rainwater harvesting potential of parks is given in the
table 7.4.

Table: 7.4- Annual rainwater harvesting potential of Parks of Rawalpindi

Annual Rainwater
Area
Sr. Harvesting Potential
Name of Park
No.
(Kanal) (Gallons)

1 Allama Iqbal Park 226.93 5618684

2 Liaquat Bagh Park 51.3 1270165

3 Muslim Park 24 594229

4 Dhok Mistriyan Park 23 569470

5 Quaid-e-Azam Park KSS 16 396153

6 Shah Najaf Park 16 396153

7 Eidhi Park 16 396153

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8 Jamia Sirajia Park 16 396153

9 Sirajiya Nursery Saidpur Scheme 4 99038

10 Commercial Market Park 15 371393

11 Wahab ul Khairi Park 14.56 360499

12 Gulzar e Fatima Park 15 371393

13 Millia Park 14 346634

14 Qari Khushi Muhammad Park 12.42 307514

15 Fatima Jinnah Park 10 247595

16 Gulab Ladies Park 10 247595

Quaid-e-Azam Park F, Block

17 10 247595
Satellite Town

18 Aqsa Park 9 222836

19 Farooq e Azam Park 8 198076

20 Milad Park 8 198076

21 Children Park Committee Chowk 7.87 194858

22 Community Center Park 6.5 160937

23 Millat Colony Park 7.95 196838

24 Usman E Ghani Park 7.73 191391

25 Dosehra Ground Park 6.5 160937

26 Affandi Colony Park 6 148557

27 Hilal Park 6 148557

28 Allama Iqbal Park 5 123798

29 New Kattarian Park 5 123798

30 National Family Park (Nullah Park) 4.61 114142

31 Nursery Park 4.6 113894

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32 Aysha Park 4 99038

33 Shah Sultan Park 3.5 86658

34 Bangash Colony Park 3 74279

35 Arshi Masjid Ladies Park 2.07 51252

36 Bismillah Park 1.87 46300

37 Chistiya Millad Park 1.2 29711

38 Al Furqan Park 8 198076

39 Dhok Khillo Park 8 198076

40 Rawal Park 110 2723550

41 Potohar Park 115 2847348

42 Rialto Chowk Park 3.42 84678

43 Mohra Sharif Park 6.23 154252

44 Dawar Park 2.6 64375

45 Behari Colony I 1.3 32187

46 Gulzar-e- Quaid Park -I 4 99038

47 Gulzar-e- Quaid Park -II 4 99038

48 Gulzar-e- Quaid Park -III 4 99038

49 Potohar Park 1.94 48034

50 Jinnah Park K.S.S 6 148557

51 Gulzar-e- Quaid Park -IV 4 99038

52 Dhok Kala Khan Park 4.48 110923

53 Zia ul Aloom Park 5.76 142615

Proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks for each park are given in
the table 7.5.

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Table: 7.5- Proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks in Parks of Rawalpindi
Annual
Rainwater Proposed Volume
Sr. Area
Name of Park Harvesting
No. Potential Flush Tank Storage Tank
(Kanal) (Gallons) (Gallons) (Gallons)
1 Allama Iqbal Park 226.93 5618684 4174 442482

2 Liaquat Bagh Park 51.3 1270165 944 100028

3 Muslim Park 24 594229 441 46797

4 Dhok Mistriyan Park 23 569470 423 44847

Quaid-e-Azam Park
5 16 396153 294 31198
KSS
6 Shah Najaf Park 16 396153 294 31198

7 Eidhi Park 16 396153 294 31198

8 Jamia Sirajia Park 16 396153 294 31198

Sirajiya Nursery
9 4 99038 74 7799
Saidpur Scheme
Commercial Market
10 15 371393 276 29248
Park
Wahab ul Khairi
11 14.56 360499 268 28390
Park
Gulzar e Fatima
12 15 371393 276 29248
Park
13 Millia Park 14 346634 258 27298
Qari Khushi
14 12.42 307514 228 24217
Muhammad Park
15 Fatima Jinnah Park 10 247595 184 19499

16 Gulab Ladies Park 10 247595 184 19499

Quaid-e-Azam Park
17 F, Block Satellite 10 247595 184 19499
Town
18 Aqsa Park 9 222836 166 17549

19 Farooq e Azam Park 8 198076 147 15599

20 Milad Park 8 198076 147 15599

Children Park
21 7.87 194858 145 15345
Committee Chowk
Community Center
22 6.5 160937 120 12674
Park
23 Millat Colony Park 7.95 196838 146 15501
Usman E Ghani
24 7.73 191391 142 15072
Park

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Dosehra Ground
25 6.5 160937 120 12674
Park
26 Affandi Colony Park 6 148557 110 11699

27 Hilal Park 6 148557 110 11699

28 Allama Iqbal Park 5 123798 92 9749

29 New Kattarian Park 5 123798 92 9749

National Family Park
30 4.61 114142 85 8989
(Nullah Park)
31 Nursery Park 4.6 113894 85 8969

32 Aysha Park 4 99038 74 7799

33 Shah Sultan Park 3.5 86658 64 6825

Bangash Colony
34 3 74279 55 5850
Park
Arshi Masjid Ladies
35 2.07 51252 38 4036
Park
36 Bismillah Park 1.87 46300 34 3646

37 Chistiya Millad Park 1.2 29711 22 2340

38 Al Furqan Park 8 198076 147 15599

39 Dhok Khillo Park 8 198076 147 15599

40 Rawal Park 110 2723550 2023 214485

41 Potohar Park 115 2847348 2115 224234

42 Rialto Chowk Park 3.42 84678 63 6669

43 Mohra Sharif Park 6.23 154252 115 12148

44 Dawar Park 2.6 64375 48 5070

45 Behari Colony I 1.3 32187 24 2535

Gulzar-e- Quaid
46 4 99038 74 7799
Park -I
Gulzar-e- Quaid
47 4 99038 74 7799
Park -II
Gulzar-e- Quaid
48 4 99038 74 7799
Park -III
49 Potohar Park 1.94 48034 36 3783

50 Jinnah Park K.S.S 6 148557 110 11699

Gulzar-e- Quaid
51 4 99038 74 7799
Park -IV
Dhok Kala Khan
52 4.48 110923 82 8735
Park
53 Zia ul Aloom Park 5.76 142615 106 11231

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Maps of above mentioned parks, their catchment areas, drainage lines,

drainage points and stream order are provided in figures given in Annexure-D:

7.5 MURREE

7.5.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL OF PARKS

The catchment characteristics of the each park has been analyzed using
topographic survey sheets of scale 1:600 and 1:1200 and processed in ArcGIS.
Drainage lines have been determined using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) having grid size of 12.5m x 12.5m
and Digital Surface Models (DSM) having grid size of 30m x 30m processed in
ArcGIS. The same DEM and DSM has also been used for delineating
catchment areas and for identification of potential harvesting sites based on
drainage lines, drainage points and stream orders and their respective
catchment areas. Annual rainwater harvesting potential of parks is given in the
table 7.6.

Table: 7.6- Annual rainwater harvesting potential of proposed sites of Murree

Annual Rainwater
Sr. Coordinates Area
Harvesting Potential
No.
Latitude Longitude (Kanal) (Gallons)
1 33.9044 73.4139 3290 81,467,181
2 33.8986 73.4181 8899 220,331,606

Proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks for each park are given in
the table 7.7.

Table: 7.7- Proposed volume of flush tanks and storage tanks in Parks of Murree
Annual
Proposed Volume
Rainwater
Sr. Area
Name of Park Harvesting Storage
No. Potential Flush Tank
Tank
(Kanal) (Gallons) (Gallons) (Gallons)
1 PIA Park 20.443 506159 376 39861
Bagh e Shahidan
2 39.87 987163 733 77741
park
3 Lower Toppa Park 4.12 102009 76 8033

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. This study could be further enhanced for other cities on large scale for urban
watershed management practices to check the potential and effects of using
surface rainwater harvesting systems to reduce the load on water supply
system in the cities.

2. This study may be further extended to assess the impact of climate change on
water availability, demand and water scarcity in future for certain areas.

3. Rainwater harvesting system is also recommended to overcome the flooding in

low lying areas and outbreak of deadly diseases like cholera, dengue, malaria etc.

4. Surplus water can be used to recharge the unground aquifer by providing deep
percolated pipe.

5. Public awareness and capacity building should be done and solutions of the
maintenance problems should be worked out.

6. To overcome the water scarcity up to some extent, rooftop rainwater harvesting

system should also be in-laws for newly building societies.

7. The layout of the cross-drainage structure locations is based on the available

satellite imagery and is tentative. It must be confirmed and finalized as per site
conditions at detailed design level.

8. The Hydraulic analyses for the culverts have been performed on the limited
available survey data. It is recommended that detailed survey must be carried
out before final layout

9. All the drains shall be provided as per site conditions.

10. Geotechnical Investigations shall have to be performed at each structure

location to check the bearing capacity of soil and other parameter.

11. Staff should be employed for cleaning of open drains during rainy days.

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ANNEXURES:

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ANNEXURE-A:
LIST OF PARKS OF RAWALPINDI

Sr. Area Coordinates Elevation

NAME
No. (Kanal) Easting Northing (m)
1 Allama Iqbal Park 226.93 321679 3724854 512
2 Potohar Park 115 324286 3719061 491
3 Rawal Park 110 321457 3722485 502
4 Liaquat Bagh park 51.3 320396 3720170 498
5 Muslim Park 24 318916 3722744 502
6 Dhoke Mistrian Park 23 318676 3723483 506
7 Quaid e Azam Park KSS 16 318553 3723846 506
8 Shah Najaf Park 16 319033 3723938 505
9 Eidhi Park 16 320595 3723440 506
10 Jamia Sirajia Park 16 320123 3722882 510
11 Commerical Market Park 15 320989 3723732 508
Ladies Park Chandani
12 15 321184 3723141 510
chowk
Wahab Al khair/Gulzar e
13 14.56 321162 3723450 511
Fatima Park
14 Millia Park 14 320121 3724425 516
Qari Khushi Muhammad
15 12.42 321040 3722882 510
Park
Quaid e Azam Park F Block
16 10 320136 3724643 512
ST
17 DSP Park 10 320782 3723928 508
18 Gulab Ladies Park 10 318794 3723971 512
19 Aqsa Park 9 320034 3723662 508
Darbar e Aliya Mohra Sharif
20 8 319261 3722860 505
Park
21 Millad Park 8 318529 3723485 509

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22 Dhoke Hassu Park 8 317377 3722047 509

23 Al Furqan Park 8 321262 3723999 510
24 Dhoke Khilu Park 8 321568 3724446 512
25 Millat Colony Park 7.95 320910 3721113 498
Children Park Commite
26 7.87 320445 3720817 502
Chowk
27 Usman e Ghani Park 7.73 320873 3722821 509
28 Comunity Centre Park 6.5 320834 3723329 508
29 Dosehra Ground Park 6.5 319581 3722262 505
30 Jinnah Park 6 318747 3723067 501
31 Affandi Colony Park 6 321825 3722870 510
32 Hilal Park 6 320801 3722599 510
33 Chinnar Park 6 320131 3724797 509
34 Zia Ul Aloom Park 5.6 321085 3724077 511
35 Allama Iqbal Park 5 318384 3723543 502
36 New Katarian Park 5 319983 3724477 513
37 Nursery Park 4.6 320171 3723088 511
38 Dhoke Kala Khan Park 4.48 323037 3725379 511
39 Ayesha Park 4B 4 319263 3723099 502
Shah Sultan Park Ashgar
40 3.5 320522 3722701 510
Mall Scheme
41 Bangash Colony Park 3 318204 3723319 504
42 Arshi Masjid Park AB 2.07 321688 3723408 513
43 Behari Colony Park ll 1.94 323153 3722740 510
44 Behari Colony Park l 1.3 323300 3722737 511
45 Ramzan Park N/A 326409 3719256 480
46 Gujjar Park N/A 326607 3719219 473
47 Nala Park N/A 320860 3722952 506
48 Murree city park N/A 352149 3753142 2262

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ANNEXURE-B:
LIST OF PARKS OF MURREE

Sr. Area Coordinates Elevation

NAME
No. (Kanal) Easting Northing (m)
1 PIA Park 20.443 352179 3753247 2244
2 Bagh e Shahidan park 39.87 352242 3753409 2247
3 Lower Toppa Park 4.12 355060 3751225 1944

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ANNEXURE-C:
LIST OF EXISTING TUBEWELLS UNDER PHA RAWALPINDI

Sr. Discharge
Location Status
No. capacity

1. Liaquat Bagh, Murree Road, 0.25 cusec Functional

Rawalpindi

2. Rawal Park, Rawal Road, 0.25 cusec Functional

Rawalpindi

3. Allama Iqbal Park, Murree Road, 0.25 cusec Functional

Rawalpindi

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ANNEXURE-D:
ARCGIS PROCESSING (MAPS)

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Location map of Rawalpindi and parks

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Map of main drainage lines and park boundaries of Rawalpindi city

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Map of drainage lines of study area in Rawalpindi

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Map of stream order of study area in Rawalpindi on satellite imagery

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Map of stream order of study area in Rawalpindi on google maps

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Map of potential sites for rainwater harvesting in Rawalpindi on satellite imagery

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Map of potential sites for rainwater harvesting in Rawalpindi on google maps

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Map of catchment areas of drainage points of Rawalpindi

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Map of catchment area of drainage point near Millia park

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Map of catchment area of drainage point near Rawal Complex

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Map of drainage lines of Rawal Park

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Map of drainage points and stream order of Rawal Park

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Map of drainage lines of Potohar Park

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Map of drainage points and stream order of Potohar Park

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Map of drainage lines of National Park Rawalpindi

Map of stream order of National Park Rawalpindi

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Map of drainage lines of Shah Najaf Park Rawalpindi

Map of stream order of Shah Najaf Park Rawalpindi

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Map of drainage lines of Millia Park Rawalpindi

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Map of stream order of Millia Park Rawalpindi

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Map of drainage lines of Millat Park Rawalpindi

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Map of stream order of Millat Park Rawalpindi

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Location map of Murree and parks

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Map of potential sites for rainwater harvesting in Murree

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Map of catchment areas of drainage points of Murree

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Map of catchment area of drainage point near E-5 road

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Map of catchment area of drainage point near in Murree

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ANNEXURE-E:
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS

(Separately attached as Annexure-E)

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RAINWATER HARVESTING

“The wars of this century were fought over oil; the wars
of next century will be fought over water.”

(Ismail Serageldin, former vice president World Bank)

SURVIVAL FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

Submitted By

JULAYBIB ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS

Aziz Bhatti Town, Lahore
[email protected]
+92-322-4863501

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