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26 Most Asked Electrical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers With PDF Compressed

The document discusses various electrical engineering concepts. It begins by defining power factor and explaining why maintaining a power factor of 1 is important for efficient loading. It then discusses methods for power factor improvement like capacitors and synchronous condensers. The document also compares electrical and electronics engineering, and discusses the differences between a battery and capacitor, real and virtual grounds, EMF and potential difference, motor starters, the Q factor, unilateral and bilateral circuits/elements, single and three-phase power, skin effect, star and delta connections, AC and DC resistance, active and passive components, lightning arrestors, step-up and step-down transformers, alternators, cut-off frequency, voltage regulators, types of circuit breakers, transformer oil

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265 views7 pages

26 Most Asked Electrical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers With PDF Compressed

The document discusses various electrical engineering concepts. It begins by defining power factor and explaining why maintaining a power factor of 1 is important for efficient loading. It then discusses methods for power factor improvement like capacitors and synchronous condensers. The document also compares electrical and electronics engineering, and discusses the differences between a battery and capacitor, real and virtual grounds, EMF and potential difference, motor starters, the Q factor, unilateral and bilateral circuits/elements, single and three-phase power, skin effect, star and delta connections, AC and DC resistance, active and passive components, lightning arrestors, step-up and step-down transformers, alternators, cut-off frequency, voltage regulators, types of circuit breakers, transformer oil

Uploaded by

Aishwarya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is the power factor?

Power factor (PF) is the ratio of working power (Real Power), measured in
kilowatts (kW), to apparent power, measured in kilovolt amperes (kVA).
Apparent power is also known as demand. The ideal power factor is unity,
or one.

2. Why do we want to keep power factor 1? And what is the


Method to maintain the pf?

It is because of the load with a power factor of 1.0 results in the most
efficient loading of the supply.

The following devices and equipment are used for Power


Factor Improvement.

 Static Capacitor
 Synchronous Condenser
 Phase Advancer

3. What is the difference between Electrical and


Electronics Engineering?

There are various ways that you can express or define electrical and
electronics engineering. But I would define it as:

Electrical Engineering is the study of the behavior of electrical charge


carriers in Conductors. There is only one charge carrier and that is an
electron. All the electrical circuit functioning does involve the movement of
electrons only.

Electronics Engineering is the study of the behavior of electrical charge


carriers in Semi-Conductors. There are two charge carriers in
semiconductors, namely electron, and hole. Electron is a negative charge
carrier and Hole is a positive charge carrier. All the electronic circuits
functioning does involve the movement of both these charge carriers.
Electronic circuits are designed to process, modulate, transmit and
demodulate information. The raw signal is converted to an electrical signal
like voltage and currents.
Also, electronics deal with mV, mA, and mW. Whereas, electrical deals with
kV, kA, and MW.

4. What is the difference between a battery and a


capacitor?

A battery or A Capacitor is both energy storage elements. But, they are


indeed very different. The given table below is the difference that you can
read and learn.

Check the Table here: https://electricalguide360.com/electrical-


engineering-interview-questions-and-answers/

5. What is the difference between real ground and virtual


ground?

A real ground is a zero potential point where all the current actually sinks to
the negative terminal of the supply.

Virtually ground means, it's not physically connected to Ground but the
voltage at that point/node is ‘0V’. The current doesn’t sink to the negative
terminal of supply from this point.

6. What is the fundamental difference between


EMF(Electro Motive Force) and PD(Potential Difference)?

Check Your Answer here: https://electricalguide360.com/electrical-


engineering-interview-questions-and-answers/

7. What is the motor starter and why do we need a starter


to install a motor?

A motor starter is an electric device by which we can start and stop the
motor by turning ON/OFF. It provides protection to the motor against over
voltage and under voltage from the relay.

The main reason for using the starter is to limit the starting current and at
the same time, the starter function is to protect the motor.
8. What is the 'Q' factor in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering?

The ratio between Reactance and Resistance is called Q Factor or Quality


Factor. Q Factor may be defined as the ratio between stored energy and
Energy dissipated per cycle in a Circuit. The quality factor measures the
performance of a coil, a capacitor, or an inductor in terms of its losses and
resonator bandwidth.

9. Difference between Uni-lateral and Bi-lateral circuits


and elements?

Unilateral Element: Conduction of current in one direction is termed as


unilateral (example: Diode, Transistor) element.

Bilateral Element: Conduction of current in both directions in an element


(example: Resistance; Inductance; Capacitance) with the same
magnitude is termed as a bilateral element.

10. What is better in three-phase and 1-phase?

There is nothing called better. The only difference is in their use of the
application. Single-phase systems are actually more efficient than 3-
phase systems in low-power applications. Whereas, three-phase power
supplies are more efficient for large power applications.

For example: For a normal household power utilization, a single-phase is


being used in most cases.

11. What is Skin Effect?

The non-uniform distribution of electric current over the surface or skin of


the conductor carrying a.c is called the skin effect. In other words, the
concentration of charge is more near the surface as compared to the core
of the conductor. The ohmic resistance of the conductor is increased due
to the concentration of current on the surface of the conductor. Skin effect
increases with the increase in frequency.
12. Star and delta connections?

The terminals of the three branches are connected to a common point.


The network formed is known as Star Connection. The three branches of
the network are connected in such a way that it forms a closed loop known
as Delta Connection.

In a star connection, the starting and the finishing point ends of the three
coils are connected together to a common point known as the neutral
point. But in Delta connection, there is no neutral point.

13. What is the difference between AC and DC resistance?

AC Resistance

 In Simple words, Resistance in AC circuits is called Impedance or


Overall resistance (Resistance, Inductive reactance, and Capacitive
reactance).
 The AC resistance is always more than the DC resistance.
 Current distributes in a non-uniform way through the conductor
cross-section area due to skin effect.

DC Resistance

 Capacitive and inductive reactances in DC circuits zero because


there is no frequency in DC circuits, i.e. magnitude of DC current is
constant. Therefore, only the original resistance of wire/conductor
comes into play.
 Current distributes in a uniform way through the conductor cross-
section area.

14. What is the difference between Active and passive


components?

 Active components are those that deliver or produce energy or


power in the form of a voltage or current. Passive components are
those that utilize or store energy in the form of voltage or current.
 Examples of the active components are diodes, transistors, SCR,
integrated circuits, etc. Similarly, examples of the passive
components are resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
 Active components can control the flow of current, but passive
components cannot control the flow of the current.

15. What is the use of lightning arrestors and how does it


work?

The circuit which is protected from the strokes of lightning with the help of
a protection device is known as a lightning arrester. When potentially
dangerous lightning strikes, the arrester activates and diverts the lightning
to the ground, where it will disperse harmlessly. It is installed near-critical
appliances or points of entry, such as an electrical panel or near a
generator or in buildings.

16. What is basic the difference between Step-up and


Step-down transformers?

A transformer that increases the voltage from primary to secondary (more


secondary winding turns than primary winding turns) is called a step-up
transformer.

A transformer that decreases the voltage from primary to secondary


(more primary winding turns than secondary winding turns) is called a
step-down transformer.

17. What is Alternator and how does it work?

An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical


energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.

18. What do you mean by cut-off frequency?

Cutoff Frequency is a lower or upper limiting frequency. It is a boundary in


a system's frequency response at which energy flowing through the
system begins to be reduced (attenuated or reflected) rather than passing
through.
19. What is a voltage regulator?

A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a


constant voltage.

20. Types of circuit breakers?

The types of transformers are:

 Air Magnetic Circuit Breakers


 Air Blast Circuit Breakers
 Oil Circuit Breakers
 Sulfurhexafluoride (SF6) Circuit Breakers
 Vacuum Circuit Breakers

21. What is the BDV test of transformer oil? What is the


standard BDV value?

BDV test means the Breakdown Voltage Test. This test is performed for
verifying the dielectric strength of the oil of the transformer. Dielectric
Strength is the maximum capacity to resist the voltage of insulating oil.
This test demonstrates the dielectric Strength of Transformer Oil.

As per IEC, the minimum BDV of transformer oil should be 30 KV as per the
transformer oil BDV test standard.

22. Explain about voltage divider, voltage doubler, voltage


multiplier?

 Voltage Divider: In electronics, a voltage divider (also known as


a potential divider) is a passive linear circuit that produces an
output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin).
 Voltage Doubler: A voltage doubler is an electronic circuit that
produces an output voltage that is double the input voltage.
 Voltage Multiplier: A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that
converts AC electrical power from a lower voltage to a higher DC
voltage, typically using a network of capacitors and diodes.
23. Color Coding of resistor?

24. Why transforms are rated in KVA instead of KW?

For this, check your answer here: Why Transformers are Rated in KVA
instead of KW?

25. What is slip in Induction Motor (I.M)?

Slip in Induction Motor is the relative speed between the rotating magnetic
flux and rotating rotor expressed in terms of per unit synchronous speed.
The value of slip in induction motor is can never be zero.

26. What is synchronous speed?

The synchronous speed is the speed of the revolution of the magnetic field
in the stator winding of the motor. The synchronous speed is a given by
Ns=120f/P

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