PAKISTAN ENGLISH SCHOOL AND

COLLEGE
JLEEB AL SHOYOUKH KUWAIT
Pakistan Studies NOTES CLASS: 9th

CHAPTER: 1 IDEOLOGY BASIS OF PAKISTAN

OBJECTIVES:
Q. Fill in the blanks by picking up the most appropriate
choice from the brackets.
(i). The Quaid-e-Azam addressed the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
on August _______ 1947.
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14
(ii). The Quaid-e-Azam said that in an Islamic state, ______ is the sole centre
of allegiance.
A) Allah B) Prophets C) angles D) humans
(iii). Allama lqbal said: "State authority except an interpreter of ________ has
no place in the social structure of Islam.
A) law B) system of government C) religion D) orders
(iv). Basic principles of the state policy were set forth by the Quaid-e-Azam in
his _______ address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.
A) first B) second C) third D) fourth
(v). The set of ideas that unites a people is called ______.
A) ideology B) culture C) philosophy D) psychology
(vi). Islam identifies human groups on the basis of _______.
A) faith B) language C) race D) geography
(vii). Geographically, Pakistan is a part of ________.
A) south Asia B) central Asia C) north Asia D) Eastern Asia
(viii). _______ session of the All-India Muslim League was presided over by
Allama Iqbal.
A) 1920 B) 1925 C)1930 D) 1935
(ix). Allama Iqbal said ________ is the basis of our progress.
A) ijtihad B) nationhood C) poetry D) state
(x). Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan died in _______.
A) 1896 B) 1897 C) 1898 D)1899
(xi). Islamic ideology has two basic principles Tauheed and _______.
A) faith B) iman C) raisalat D) ideology
(xii). ________was the first person who warmed the British rulers that the
British democratic system is not suited for India.
A) Allama lqbal B) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam D) Liaqat Ali Khan
(xiii) Quaid-e-Azam pronounced the guiding principles of state policy that
there would be no _______ discrimination in Pakistan.
A) religious B) political C) economic D) social
(xiv). Allama lqbal delivered a historic address as the president of all India
Muslim Leage allah abad session.
A) 1930 B) 1933 C) 1934 D) 1935

SUBJECTIVES:
SHORT QUESTION/ANSWERS:
Q1: Definition of ideology.
Ans: Ideology is a set of ideas and beliefs shared by a large group of people.
Ideology forms the basis of a Political, Cultural, Social or Economic system.
People of the world identify a nation as a distinct entity on the bases of its
ideology.
Q2: Explain the source of ideology
Ans: Ideology is not formed in a day; It is shaped after a long process of
development and evolution. It can nightery be implemented through executive
order nor in posed as law it has it root in a nation's history, traditions, customs
and religion; These are the major sources of ideology.
Q3: Describe and explain Pakistan ideology
Ans: After the British occupation, The Muslims of India were taken by a set
back. They were given a new sense of direction by the able leadership Sir
Sayyid Ahmed Khan and later by Allama lqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah. The Muslims of India move forward into the light of their firm
Islamic belief under the guidance of their leadership to establish an
independent Muslim state "Pakistan". The course of action adopted by the
Muslims of India independent for the achievement of a Muslim state, is called
"Pakistan Movement"' and the philosophy guiding this movement is known as
Pakistan ldeology.
Q4: Write a short note on the economic basis of Pakistan Movement.
Ans: In the Beginning the impact of Sir Sayyed efforts to spread modern
education among Muslim was very limited. Majority Muslims under the
influences of emotional leaders cherished the dreams of reviving the glorious
Muslim past and ignored Sir Sayyed appeals to learn English join modern
educational institutions the result was Muslim’s backwardness in all walks of
life. They has lagged far behind of the Hindus who had taken early initiative by
adopting British education system by entering into the services of British
government. With the passage of time the Muslims were utterly deprived of
there share in agricultural industry and commerce they were greatly suffering
at the hands of Hindu money lenders, Leader like the Quaid-e- Azam and
Allama lqbal that Muslims would not progress economically unless they were
emancipated for the Hindu exploitation and were allowed to flourish in an
atmosphere of political independence.
Q5: Explain fundamental principal of Pakistan ldeology.
Ans: Pakistan ldeology is devised from Islam. Islamic faith is based to
fundamental principles. Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) Risalat (Finality of Prophet
Muhammad).
Q6: State and identify Sir Sayyed role regarding the two nation theory.
Ans: Sir Sayyed was the first person who explained the two nation theory.
According to Him Two Nation Theory means that there are Two Nation living in
the sub-condiment which are Hindus and Muslims. These two nations are
totally different from each other on the basics on there customs, religious and
social and moral values.
Q7: Explain role of Sir Sayyed Ahmed khan with reference of two nation
theory.
Ans: He was the first person who warned the British ruler that British system of
democracy was not suitable for Indian condition he argued that two major
nations of India the Hindus and Muslims had different religious and cultural
back grounds. Sir Sayyed warned the Muslims not to lead there identity as a
Muslim Nation lost into a Multinational Indian identity. He wanted the
Muslims to assist then self as a separate and distinct nation Sir Sayyed s idea of
separate Muslim nationhood, developed into two nation theory were later
able to guide the Muslims to the attainment of a home land for them this
home land named "Pakistan" and for that matter " Sir Sayyed deserved the
merit of being real original of the two nation theory and the founder of
initiative which subsequently developed into Pakistan Movement.
Q8: Give statement of Quaid-e-Azam in the relation to non-Muslim minorities
in Pakistan.
Ans: Quaid-e-Azam emphasized that the right of the non-Muslims minorities in
the state of Pakistan will be equal to those of the Muslim majority Quaid-e-
Azam said:
“you are free; to go your temples; you are free to go your 'Mosques' to any
other places of worship. In this state of Pakistan. You may belong to any
religion or cast or create that has nothing to do with the business of the state.
We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and
equal citizens of one state”.
LONG QUESTION/ANSWERS:

Q 1: What is meant by “TWO NATION THEORY”. Define and explain.

Ans: The Two Nation Theory: Islam was introduced in India shortly after its
advent. Muslims in India grew into a sizeable community within a short span of
time. The Muslim community of India guarded its identity very keenly and
cautiously.
Definition: The term ‘Pakistan ideology’ refers to that set of beliefs and
objectives which formed the basis of the Muslim freedom struggle in South-
East Asia. This struggle was, of course, motivated by the Islamic faith and
guided by the objective of establishing a Muslim state in the sub-continent,
based on the principle that the Muslims and the non-Muslims in India were
separate and distinct nations and the Muslims had a desire to order their
individual and collective lives according to the tenets of Islam, living as free
citizens of an independent democratic state.
The area, which now forms the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, had a non-Muslim
population of about 3 to 5 percent. Non-Muslim living in this area knew that
their rights will be better protected as citizens of a Muslim state, because in a
Muslim state Non-Muslim citizens' civil and political rights are equal to the
rights of the Muslim citizens. Due to this reason, the Christians, the Hindus and
the other religious communities played an active role in the Pakistan
movement. Sacrifices rendered by the non-Muslims during the days of the
Pakistan Movement and the patriotic spirit with which they served Pakistan
after its creation, stand as a bright example in our history and the history of
nations.
Q 2: Explain pronouncement of Allama Iqbal on ideology of Pakistan.
Ans: Iqbal’s Pronouncement
lqbal's struggle for the cause of the Muslim nation in India, his revolutionary
poetry and his philosophy of action and sustained effort, made him the
beloved leader of the Indian Muslims. Following are the salient points of Iqbal's
philosophy of Muslim nationhood:
1: Muslim Nationhood is Based on Islam: lqbal said that the force that binds
Muslim nationhood into a unity was not based on colour, race or geography, it
was based on faith and Iman. He said:
“Islam is something more than a creed, it is also a community, a nation. The
membership of Islam as a community is not determined by birth.”
2: Patriotism is an Islamic Trait: Iqbal had always rejected the Congress notion
of secular nationalism, on this some critics blamed Iqbal of being unpatriotic;
repudiating this he said:
“Nationalism in the sense of love of one's country and even to die for its
honour is a part of the Muslim's faith. It comes into conflict with Islam only
when it begins to play the role of political concepts and aims to be a principle
of human solidarity.”
3: Ijtihad is a Pre-requisite of Progress: Iqbal believed that scholars of a
Muslim society should, on the basis of their enlightened judgments, solve the
problems arising in the modern age in the light of the Quran and Sunnah. Iqbal
suggests that:
“The only course open to us is to approach modern knowledge with a respect
but independent attitude and to appreciate the teachings of Islam in the light
of this knowledge, even though we may be led to differ with those who have
gone before us.”
4: Islamic System is based on Democracy and Equality: Iqbal outlined two
basic principles of an Islamic constitution in the following words:
(a) “The law of Allah is absolutely supreme. Authority (state authority) except
an interpreter of the law has no place in the social structure of Islam”.
(b) All the members of the community have a right of being dealt with on the
basis of absolute equality.
5: Muslim Independence is the only Solution of India's Problems: lqbal
believed that if the nations of India remain constantly at war with each other,
they will destroy their entire cultural heritage. Economic conditions of their
people will deteriorate to an unimaginable extent and they will not be able to
find an honourable place in the comity of nations. Later developments testified
that lqbal's apprehensions were right. In his famous presidential address
delivered in 1930 at the Muslim League session held at Allahabad, Iqbal said:
"The formation of a consolidated Muslim North-West Indian state appears to
be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North-West India."
6: Solution of the Muslims’ Economic Problems lies in the Implementation
Islamic Law: In a letter written to the Quaid-e-Azam on May 28, 1937, Iqbal
showed great concern over the economic hardships of the Muslims of India. He
said that the problem of the Muslims' economic distress can be solved by the
implementation of the Islamic economic system in a practicable form. The
political, economic and social system of Islam, he believed, can only flourish in
an independent Muslim state.
Q3: Explain pronouncement of “Quaid-e-Azam” on Ideology of Pakistan.
Ans: Quaid-e-Azam's Pronouncements
The Quaid-e-Azam did not look at the Indian problem as communal; he rather
believed that the problem was of international character. The Congress
leadership blamed the Muslims of being a reactionary community and accused
the Quaid of being factionalist and sectarian. This allegation was stupid and
unfair for a moderate and positive thinking statesman like him. The Quaid-e
Azam's demand for Pakistan was not based on the sentiment of Hindu hatred.
For years together he had worked hard to bring the two nations to the
mutually agreeable terms of constitutional agreement, but the Hindu
extremists thwarted all the efforts made by him in this direction. The Quaid-e-
Azam's vision of Pakistan and his ideas on Muslim nationhood can be
understood in the light of the following abstracts taken from his speeches and
statements:
1: The Muslims will not accede to Hindu Domination: Addressing the historical
23rd March 1940 Muslim League session the Quaid-e-Azam made it clear:
“The Muslims of India will never accede to a constitutional scheme which
results in the establishment of the Hindu domination in India".
2: Muslims are a Separate Nation: The Quaid-e-Azam said:
"Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word but are in
fact different and distinct social orders and it is a dream that the Hindus and
Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality. The Hindus and Muslims
belong to two different religions, philosophies, socials, customs and religions.
They belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting
ideas and conceptions. Their aspects on life and of life are different. To yoke
together two such nations under a single state must lead to destruction.
Muslims are a nation by any definition of a nation. Therefore there is a need of
separate state where they could lead their lives by their own values and
religion".
3: Independent State; a Pre-requisite of the Muslim Progress: The Quaid-e-
Azam said:
"Mussalmans are a nation according to any definition of a nation, and they
must have their homelands, their territory, and their state. We wish to live in
peace and harmony with our neighbours as a free and independent people.
We wish our people to develop to the fullest our spiritual, cultural, economic,
social, and political life, in a way that we think best and in consonance with our
own ideas and according to the genius of our people"
4: Islam is the Basis of our National Unity: After the creation of Pakistan the
Quaid-e-Azam gave a call to the nation to unite on the basis of Muslim
brotherhood he said:
"Islam has taught us this, and I think you will agree with me, whatever you may
be and wherever you are, you are a Muslim. You belong to a nation now. You
have carved out a territory, vast territory, it is all yours; it does not belong to a
Punjabi or a Sindhi or a Pathan or a Bengali, it is yours.
5: Democracy, Equality and Justice: Foundations of Islamic Constitution:
Explaining the guiding principles of the future constitution of Pakistan the
Quaid-e-Azam said:
"The constitution of Pakistan has yet to be framed by the Constituent
Assembly of Pakistan. I do not know what the ultimate shape of the
constitution is going to be, but I am sure that it will be of a democratic type,
embodying the essential principles of Islam. Today they are as applicable in
actual life as these were 1330 years ago. Islam and its idealism have taught us
democracy. It has taught us equality of man, justice and fairplay to everybody.
We are the inheritors of the glorious traditions and are fully alive to our
responsibilities and obligations as framers of the future constitution of
Pakistan."
6: Sovereignty Belongs t Almighty Allah; Quran is the Source of Ultimate
Guidance: Enlisting the guiding principles of an Islamic state the Quaid-e-Azam
said:
“Fundamentally, in an Islamic state all authority rests with Almighty Allah. The
working of an Islamic government is conducted according to the Quranic
principles and injunctions. In an Islamic state, neither its head nor any
parliament or an institution or an individual can act absolutely in any matter.
Only the Quranic injunctions control our behaviour in the society and in the
politics.”
7: Fighting Poverty and Exploitation; Our National Objective: Addressing the
first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan the Quaid-e-Azam observed:
“Now, if we want to make this great state of Pakistan happy and prosperous
we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people and
especially of the masses and the poor."
8: Non-Muslim Citizen will be Treated on the Basis of Equality: Addressing the
same session the Quaid-e-Azam pronounced the guiding principles of the state
policy. He emphasized that the rights of the non-Muslim minorities in the state
of Pakistan will be equal to those of the Muslim majority. The Quaid said:
“you are free, you are free to go to your temples. You are free to go to your
mosques or to any other places of worship in this state of Pakistan. You may
belong to any region or caste or creed -that has nothing to do with the
business of the state. we are starting with this fundamental principle that we
are all citizens and equal citizens or One state.”

THE END