Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCONDITIONING AND
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
ATA-21
DCAM Part 66 11.4

1
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCONDITIONING AND
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
Main Topic
-Oxygen System
- Cabin Pressurization System
- Air Conditioning System

2
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT
OXYGEN SUPPLY

3
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

( ATA 35)

4
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

OBJECTIVES :
At the end of this lesson the student will be able to:-
1. Describe (C2) the relationship between atmospheric
conditions and human physiology needs with respect
to Aircraft Air-conditioning and Pressurization System.
2. Describe (C2) typical constructions, system layout
and components of the oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization System.
3. Explain (C3) the operation of the Oxygen, Air-
conditioning and Pressurization Systems and their
related components using appropriate drawings and
schematic diagrams. 5
EASA Ref No 11.15
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

OBJECTIVES :
At the end of this lesson the student will be able to:-

4. Perform Inspection (P3) and Analyse (C4) findings

on Aircraft Oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization Systems and components as per the
relevant technical documents.
5. Carry Out (C2,C3)Oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization Systems Servicing as per the
Approved Maintenance Manual procedure.

EASA Ref No 11.15 6

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• Why does aircraft need to have

oxygen systems?

7
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

8
 OXYGEN SYSTEM
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
- Composition of Atmosphere Air

GAS % by Weight % by
Volume
Nitrogen 75.51 78.08
Oxygen 23.15 20.91
Carbon Dioxide .04 0.03
Other gases 1.30 0.95
Oxygen contents varies with altitude -
- as Altitude increases - air pressure
decreases and density decreases, air thins
out and oxygen decreases
Gas law:
-Temperature >, density <
EASA Ref No 11.15 9
-Altitude >, temperature <
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

PRESSURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

10
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

11
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

12
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

13Ref No 8.1
EASA
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

14
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Requirement Of Good Air

Properties
Air supply:
# Min. rate 0.416lb.(0.18kg) per passenger
per minute.
# To ensure min. O2 contents and ventilation.
# Temp. 60 degree F to 80 degree F.
(20 Degree C)

15
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

HUMAN RESPIRATION REQUIREMENT

• 2 Important consideration:
- sufficient oxygen in air to supply the
body requirement.
- sufficient pressure to enter the blood
by passing through the membrane
wall of the alveoli in the lung.
(Osmosis - PARTIAL OXYGEN PRESSURE)
16
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Requirement Of Oxygen
At High Altitude

17
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Effects of oxygen shortage

Altitude (ft) Effects
• Anoxia 40,000 - Pressure breathing essential to life
35,000 - Complete mental and physical
• Severe 30,000 - helplessness, likely to become
• Hypoxia 25,000- unconscious in 1-2 minutes
20,000- Marked inco-ordination, with feeling
of hilarity, sleeplessness, or stupor.
• Hypoxia 10,000 - Beginning of mental & muscular
incoordination
8,000 - No apparent effect on a fit person
18
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

HUMAN RESPIRATION REQUIREMENT
REQUIREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL ATMOSPHERE

OSMOSIS - ACTION OF OXYGEN CHANGING

PLACE WITH CO2 IN BLOOD STREAM.
- REQUIRE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 CONTENT
OF ATMOSPHERE.

E.G - Sea Level = 23.15 X 14.7 = 3.4psi

100 1

30,000 ft = 23.15 X 4.36 = 1.009PSI 19

100 1
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

HUMAN RESPIRATION REQUIREMENT

AEROEMBOLISM (Bends)
- Nitrogen bubbles due to the pressure
surrounding the human body being decreased.

- The freed bubbles collect at the fatty and

muscular tissues giving severe pain and stiffness
at the joints. Commences at 20,000 ft but does
not become dangerous until 30,000'.

20
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

PURPOSE OF A/C OXYGEN SYSTEMS

• When cabin pressure maintain at
8,000ft. - O2 to standby.

• Oxygen – to offset effects of hypoxia and

anoxia by supplying oxygen through a
breathing mask at a controlled rate of flow.

EASA Ref No 11.15 21

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Reduction of ‘Partial Pressure’
of the oxygen
- Causes Hypoxia & Anoxia
- Hypoxia – Beginning stage
- reduction in night vision start at 5,000ft.
- reduction in vision day start 8,000ft.
- Effect - Force concentration, fatigue
and headache.
- 14,000ft.- Forget fullness, in-competence.
- Anoxia  oxygen deprivation (cause death)
- above 40,000ft pressure O2 used but create chest
pain; overcome by pressure waistcoats.
22
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Physiological Effects of Altitude Feet

# Maximum altitude without 8,000

# Altitude
at which the incidence of
decompression sickness increases rapidly with
25,000
exposures exceeding ten minutes.

# Maximum altitude at which sea level

conditions can be maintained by breathing 100 33,000
per cent oxygen.

# Maximum allowable altitude without pressure

breathing. 40,000

EASA Ref No 11.15 23

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Rate Of Oxygen Supply

- At 10,000ft oxygen supply is ONE liter per
minute.
- At 15,000ft oxygen supply is 1.5 liter per minute.
- At 20,000ft oxygen supply is 2.0 liter per minute.

24
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

Caused by:
-Incomplete combustion
-Leakage in the air supply system.
-Hemoglobin has greater attraction of CO2 than for O2.
-When brain lack of O2 ability to reason and make
decision is greatly impaired.

25
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

Early symptom of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning :

-feeling warmth, headaches, dizziness and sluggishness.
Monitor by:
-Indicator in the cockpit, chemical change
from light to dark colour.

26
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen is an active gas

27
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN
• one-fifth of the air we breathe
• Nearly 90% of the weight of water is oxygen
• Colourless, odourless, and tasteless,
• is extremely active chemically and will combine
with almost all other elements and with many
compounds
• Fuel burns, it unites with oxygen to produce heat
• Produced commercially by liquefying air, boiling
off nitrogen
28
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN

Produced commercially
-By liquefying air, boiling off nitrogen.
-Mechanically-Separated oxygen.
-Differences between commercial oxygen (welding,
cutting and for medical) and aviation breathing oxygen
is their water content.
- Aviation breathing oxygen has less water,
not more than 2 ml of water per liter of gas.
EASA Ref No 11.15 29
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPES OF OXYGEN
- Gaseous Oxygen
- Chemical Oxygen
- Liquid Oxygen

30
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Portable Oxygen Tanks

Requirement scale “L” of ANO for FLIGHT
above Level 350.
-Sufficient for 2 person.
-Allow crew member free use of his hand during
Decompression Emergency.

(yellow tank 450psi)

31
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Portable Oxygen Tanks

- Available in cabin for therapeutic and Air-crew
- Bottle alloy steel. Light weight
- Come with pressure regulator/reducing valv and
pressure gauge
- With a breather mask

(yellow tank 450psi)

32
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Portable Oxygen Tanks

33
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Portable Oxygen Tanks

- Pressure 1,800, content 120 litre
(30 to 120 minutes)
- Reducing valve control flow rate
e.g. 2 to 4 litre per minute

34
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

35
 Chemical Oxygen
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

- PSU

36
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

37
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Types of Oxygen

Chemical Oxygen :
- produced when required, by special oxygen
generators operating on a chemical reaction
principle

EASA Ref No 11.15 38

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS

• Used in many large a/c.

• Chemically produce oxygen for 15 minutes.
• Service life 10 years.
• No high pressure, light weight, inexpensive
• Units located at PSU and other essential locations.

EASA Ref No 11.15 39

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS

Disadvantages:
- Cannot be tested.
- Once operated continuous release O2
for about 15mts
- A thermal colour band outside the container to
indicate in case of expanded generator.
- Heat generated about 450 degree F.
EASA Ref No 11.15 40
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

. Mechanically Separated Oxygen

 Oxygen is extract from the air by a mechanical

separation process called molecular sieve, part
of oxygen is breath and the rest is used to
purged nitrogen from the sieve.

 Used in medical facilities and military aircraft.

 Economy of weight and space, and aircraft no
longer dependent on ground facilities for
oxygen supply replenish.

41
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

42
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Aircraft Liquid Oxygen

43
 Liquid Oxygen
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

44
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

LIQUID OXYGEN (LOX)

• Pale blue transparent liquid.
• Is stored in spherical container
• Boils at -297 F(147 C)
• Expansion ratio 700 to 1.
• Store at below -181°F.
• Cylinder with double layer walls,
between walls is vacuum.
• Save space and weight and no high
pressure is needed.
• Pressure in the built up line about 300
to 330psi (C-130 a/c). EASA Ref No 11.15 45
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

LIQUID OXYGEN
Disadvantages – maintain extremely low
temperature and requires periodic replenishing
because losses from the venting system
• Extremely economical of space and weight and no
high pressure is needed.

46
 Liquid Oxygen System
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

47
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

LIQUID OXYGEN SYSTEM OPERATION

When supply valve on regulator is turn ‘ON’,
# LOX flows from the container into the supply
evaporator coil where it absorb heat and
turns into gaseous oxygen.
# excessive pressure is vent thru relief valves.
# pressure at delivery line about 70 psi (C-130).
#Mostly military aircraft used, space and weight
saving.
# 1 liter of liquid oxygen will produce 860 liter of
gaseous oxygen. 48
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEMS

49
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Pressure Oxygen
- Portable Oxygen Cylinder and Mask

50
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

51
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS

Three selection :
- normal – 2 liters/minute
- high – 4 liters/minute
- emergency –10 liters/minute

Passenger Portable Oxygen Unit

52
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS

EASA Ref No 11.15 53

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS

EASA Ref No 11.15 54

PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

EASA Ref No 11.15 55

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

3 Types:
a) Continuous flow-waste full .
b) Dilute demand – mixed oxygen with cabin air.

c) Pressure demand – above 40,000ft

insufficient pressure to force oxygen into lung.

56
 Crew Oxygen System
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

57
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

58
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

59
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

60
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

61
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS

EASA Ref No 11.15 62

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS

Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

EASA Ref No 11.15 63

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand System

64
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Continuous flow regulator.

# When the line and cylinder are turned ON, oxygen
will flow from the storage cylinder regardless of
whether the user inhaling or exhaling.
# Manual continuous flow regulators must
be reset as altitude changes.
# Automatic continuous flow regulators readjust
the flow automatically as altitude changes.

65
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL INSTALLED
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

- reduced to the low pressure by pressure
regulator valves or reducer valves using an
“Orific”(0.12inch).
- Out put 2.5 to 3.0 liters per minute;
- pressure line 25-27psi.
Some adjust flow rate I.A.W Altitude
-Altitude adjustable system – manually
- Altitude compensator system - automatically
EASA Ref No 11.15 66
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Continuous Flow / Constant Flow

• Rate of oxygen supply is 2.5 litre per minute.

• Reduce press from 2,200psi to 20-75psi.

67
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEM REGULTOR RLATOR S

Regulators.
# Pressure regulator reduces the pressure
that is usable.
# Automatic or manual type.

68
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand System

69
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL INSTALLED
OXYGEN SYSTEMS
Diluter Demand Regulator
- Mounted at each flight crew
station
- Each regulator face
displays two indicating
devices
- Flow indicator
(colour when no flow or
indicate by a float)
EASA Ref No 11.15 70
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator (3 levers)

Lever = On / OFF
= EMERGENCY LEVER (O2 under press).
(Emergency – Normal – Test MASK)
=100% O2 – NORMAL O2 (0.15PSI TO MASK)
- dilute the oxygen supplies to mask with cabin air

EASA Ref No 11.15 71

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator

72
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator

73
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator

EASA Ref No 11.15 74

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter demand regulator

- demand valve shut the flow of oxygen
when user stop inhaling.
- the wearer inhales caused decreases
the pressure inside the regulator and opens
the demand valve, so oxygen can flow thru
the regulator to the mask.
- Dilutes the oxygen supply to the mask
with air from the cabin. 75
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulators

- aircraft goes up 34,000 ft barometric control bellows
expand, close the air passage, pure oxygen is
metered to the mask.
- Oxygen selector - NORMAL to 100%, pure oxygen
flow to the mask.
- in EMERGENCY position, the demand valve will held
open and pressure oxygen flows continuously from
the supply system to the mask.

76
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand
Regulator

77
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Regulators.

Pressure demand
• Use above 40,000 ft.
• Pressure Demand Mast must worn with
Pressure Demand Regulator.
• Provide 100% oxygen to the mask at higher
pressure and creates required input of
oxygen into lungs.

78
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand
Regulator

79
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator

- The demand valve shut the flow of oxygen until the

wearer inhales and decreases the pressure inside
the regulator and opens the demand valve,
so oxygen can flow thru the regulator to the mask.
- Dilutes the oxygen supply to the mask with air
from the cabin.

80
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand Regulator

- As the aircraft goes up (34,000 ft) the barometric

control bellows expand and close the air passage
and pure oxygen is metered to the mask.
- The oxygen selector - NORMAL to 100%,
pure oxygen flow to the mask.
- When in EMERGENCY position, the demand
valve will held open and oxygen flows
continuously from the supply system to the mask.

81
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Diluter Demand Regulator

82
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Pressure Demand Regulator

• Use on unpressurized aircraft
at and above 40,000 ft.
• Provide 100% oxygen to the mask at higher than
ambient pressure, forcing oxygen into the user’s
lung.

83
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen Mask
Use to deliver the oxygen
to the user either the
continuous flow or demand
type.

84
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Passenger Oxygen Mask

85
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Passenger Oxygen Mask

86
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Crew Smoke Mask

87
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen Mask
Types:
- REBREATHER
- DILUTER DEMAND
- PRESSURE
- QUICK DON

88
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen mask deploy

Pilot oxygen mask

89
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen Mask OPERATION

90
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen Mask
• with a oxygen flow indication device, red/green.
• Mask coupling with restricting orific to meter amount of
O2 needed at each mask.
• Pilot coupling is larger than for passenger
• Therapeutic mask O2 flow rate is 3 times more than
normal passenger.

91
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Types Of Oxygen Mask

Continuous flow mask.
1. Use re-breather type mask.
• Oxygen continuous to flow into the bag and fills it from
the bottom and at the same time the user exhales
used air into the bag at the top.
• This air is mixed with pure oxygen, and so the wearer
always breathes oxygen rich air.
• Re-breather-type mask has built-in
check valve that allow the air to
escape but prevent the user from
breathing air from cabin. 92
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Types Of Oxygen Mask

2. Demand type mask.

• Regulator is set up to meter the proper amount of
oxygen to the user and ratio of air to oxygen.
• Deliver oxygen only when inhales.
• Must fit tightly to the face so no outside air will enter.

3. Full face mask.

• Use in case the cockpit filled up with
smoke.
• Cover the eye, mouth and nose and positive pressure
inside the mask prevents any smoke entering. 93
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Mask Inspection and Maintenance.
• Check for security, chafing of line, cut, dent,
contamination, corrosion, folded, deterioration.
• Check for leaks, holes or rips, replaced is
recommended than repaired.
• Clean and disinfection with turpentine, non-oil
base soap, alcohol.
• Clean with lukewarm detergent solution and dry
at room temperature.
• Alcohol swabs used to sterilize the mask before
crew member dons the mask.
• When store in the A/C protect from dust, 94
dampness, source of oil and grease.
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN
Malaysian Institute SYSTEMS
of Aviation Technology

EASA Ref No 11.15 95

 TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Diluter Demand System

EASA Ref No 11.15 96

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

97
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEM.

Storage cylinder –Safety Feature
- Thermal relief valve
- to vent the oxygen to atmosphere if the
pressure of oxygen rise to dangerous level
due hot day (temperature)
- it may be a temperature or pressure activated.
\

- If thermal discharge occurs,

the green disk blows out of the fitting,
leaves the vent port /hole visible.
98
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Thermal relief valve

99
99
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

100
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

101
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS

- dilute the oxygen supplies to mask with cabin

air

EASA Ref No 11.15 102

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

103
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

104
 747 Oxygen System
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

105
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

106
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• REVIEW CHECK STUDENTS ON DILUTE DEMAND AND CONTINUOUS FLOW.

- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DILUTE DEMAND AND CONTINUOUS FLOW.
- STUDENTS EXPLAIN THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM.

107
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

108
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

SERVICING TROLLEY

109
 Oxygen Service Panel
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

110
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Aircraft Oxygen System Servicing Cylinder

- Content 2250 litre with pressure 3,000psi.
- Black with white neck
- green for America bottles.

111
 AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Storage cylinder. SERVICING TROLLEY.
1.Stored in:
- green painted high pressure steel(American)
- Black & white –(British). with the
word ‘AVIATOR’S BREATHING OXYGEN’
written in white.
- Life 10,000 times charging or 15 yrs,
- a/c is tank 25 yrs
2. Hydrostatically tested to 5/3 working pressure.
3. Stamped near filler neck with:
- Name of manufacture. - Approval drawing number
- Capacity……….Liters DOT 2015 03v96.
(DOT-Department of transport)
112
- Working pressure and date of hydrostatic test.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

SERVICING TROLLEY
To avoid condensation
- minimum storage
pressure 250 psi.
113
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING

EASA Ref No 11.15 114

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Charging Aircraft Oxygen System

# CYLINDERS MOUNTED IN SERVICING TROLLEY.
• REDUCED TO 1,800PSI FOR CHARGING BY
MANUALLY ADJUSTED REDUCING VALVE AND
SHUT OFF VALVE.
• COME WITH PRESSURE GAUGES AND HIGH
PRESSURE HOSE.
• A Thermal Compensator
prevent heat from pressure surge.
115
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Replenish/Charging Aircraft
Oxygen System Procedures

116
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CHARGING PROCEDURE- Refer To MM

Safety Precaution:
- Wear a clean white lint free glove.
• Provide adequate and properly manned fire-fighting
equipment.
• Display "No Smoking" and other warning placards
outside the aircraft.
• If artificial lighting is required, use explosion-proof
lamps and hand torches.
• Servicing trolley and a/c properly bonded.
• Operating ground power units not allowed near
117
charging operation.
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Testing of aircraft radio or electrical systems should
be avoided.
 Charging hose and tool must be scrupulously clean.
 Before hose couple to a/c purged slowly with low
pressure flow.
 Care-full as hose adaptor is left hand thread.
 Charging valve and assembly opened slowly and
allowed pressure to stabilize.
 Monitor gauge and prevent high temperature..
 Tools are serviceable and free of dirt, oil, grease or
any other contaminants. 118
EASA Ref No 11.15
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• In a confined space (hangar)within the aircraft, ensur
adequate ventilation.
• Pipe and component connections should be wiped
clean and dry if contamination is present.
• Clothing which has been saturated by oxygen should
be kept away from naked lights or heat until
a quarter of an hour has elapsed, or until thorough
ventilation with air has been effected.

119
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Charging valve and assembly opened slowly
and allowed pressure to stabilize.
• Monitor gauge and prevent high temperature.
I) Refer charging graph near charging point
and check maximum pressure allowable and
check ambient temperature.
II) Ensure conservative rate of charging is applied
and maximum pressure not exceed by setting
the die to the most restrictive setting.
120
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

CHARGING OF OXYGEN SYSTEMS

Aircraft Oxygen System Servicing Panel

EASA Ref No 11.15 121

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING

Oxygen Charging Graph

EASA Ref No 11.15 122

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

123
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• When cylinder empty blank off.

• Completion charging shut off v and charging v
closed. Allow system to stabilized and check a/c
quantity gauge is full.
I) Trolley hose adaptors removed slowly to dissipate
trapped pressure.
II) blanking cap be scrupulously clean.

124
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Replacing Tubing Valves

• All parts must be thoroughly clean.
• Only Teflon to be used as sealing tape and NO
other anti-seize compounds to be used.
• Clean pipe removed line by ultrasonic or vapor
degrease.
• Trichloroethylene, acetone or similar cleaning
solvent should be used, dried thoroughly with dry air
or nitrogen before fitment.

125
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Replacing Tubing Valves

• Wrapping start after second thread of male thread
and wrapping never more than 3 wrapping and
opposite direction of thread.
• Moisture check by impinging O2 on surface of
mirror.

126
 Oxygen System Servicing and
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Maintenance - REFER TO MM

Draining O2 – ensure no connection to high pressure

- isolated system from high pressure.
- system need to purge after drained
- ensure all safety procedure follow.
Oxygen leak test with:
- special leak detector.
- compound detection (G50306)
apply with soft brush.
- non oily soap. 127
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen System Servicing and

Maintenance - REFER TO MM

Purging of Oxygen System

– once system opened.
- all O2 mask plug on the outlet and O2 supply
valve turned on and allowed flow for 10 minutes.
- Dilute Demand and Pressure Demand
regulators turn on “EMERGENCY”
- Fill to required pressure.
128
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen System Plumbing

Plumbing & connection
1. Most of the rigid plumbing lines that carry high
pressure oxygen are made of stainless steel or
tungum with silvered soldered end fitting.
2. Thermal compensator act as a heat sink to
prevent excessive temperature built up in the pipe
line from charging point approximately 5 inches
long consists of brush-like
wire element.

1. Low pressure oxygen is made from aluminum

alloy. 129
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING

EASA Ref No 11.15 130

 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Oxygen System Plumbing

- Many valves used in the oxygen system are of

slow opening type to prevent a rapid rush of oxygen
that could cause excessive heat and become fire
hazard.

131
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

PLUMBING AND CONNECTION

Oxygen Pipeline Symbol

and Identification

- Material -for high pressure is

stainless steel or tungum with
silver soldering end fitting.
- low pressure is aluminum alloy.
- Valves in the O2 system is the slow opening type to
prevent rapid rush.
- OD for high pressure – 3/16 or ¼ inch.
- OD for low pressure – 5/16 inch.
EASA Ref No 11.15 132
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

ASSIGMENT 1 AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

# EXPLAIN ONE OF THE AVAILABLE
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM
COMPLETE WITH SCHEMETIC
DIAGRAM.
- Assignment must be in written format.

133
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Practical De-Brief
- Air Craft HS-125 Oxygen System

134
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

135
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

136
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

137
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

138
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Q&A

139
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

END OF
OXYGEN SYSTEM

140
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

ANSWERS
• 1) Aircraft and servicing cart – grounded,Vehicle parked – safe
distance. No smoking/open flame. Ensure cleanliness. Do in well
ventilated area.
• 2) Thread lubrication : oxygen compatible thread lube/ teflon tape for
male thread.
• 3) To ensure cleanliness, to prevent dirt/grease/oil.
• 4) Purge a few hours with dry air/ nitrogen.
• 5) A steady stream of liquid flowing out of the vent valve.
• 6) To prevent liquid oxygen freezing in the open position and difficult
to close.
• 7) Purge – to remove air from the line.
• 8) Diluter demand and pressure demand system – placing regulator
in emergency position, allow oxygen to flow for 10 minutes.
141
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• 9) Ambient temperature.
• 10) Servicing – leak testing, draining,purging and filling up.
• 11) Sodium chlorate.
• 12) Oxygen.
• 13) Pull the lanyard, thus release the lock pin, striker mechanism
hits the igniter and chemical reaction begin.
• 14) Overhead racks/ seat backs/ bulkhead panels.
• 15) Exposed during cabin depressurization by electrical actuation
(by the flight crew) or automatic actuation of aneroid valve.
• 16) Cabin depressurization/ cabin loss of pressure/ loss of cabin
altitude.
• 17) Solid oxygen generator/ candle.

142
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• 18) Chemical oxygen generator, no test required.It only can be

activated/ used.
• 19) Unlimited shelf life, do not require any special storage condition,
inexpensive and lightweight.
• 20) It cannot be stopped until fully depleted/ exhausted.
• 21) Difficulty in handling – more maintenance needed. LOX is not
available to the fixed base operators.
• 22) By using supply evaporator coil that absorb heat thus
transforming liquid into gas.
• 23) It is either : continuous flow type/ diluter demand type/ pressure
demand type.
• 24) Continuous flow : single engine aircraft/ emergency system for
large jet transport aircraft.

143
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• 25) Simplicity and low cost.

• 26) Pressure demand and diluter demand – for flight crew.
Continuous flow – for passengers.
• 27) For aircraft operating above 40,000 feet.
• 28) Rebreather mask – continuous flow.
• 29) Incorrect amount of oxygen being supplied. If aircraft altitude
increased, less oxygen being supplied.
• 30) User/ pilot get oxygen when inhaling, no oxygen supply without
inhaling.
• 31) Oxygen being supply with/ without inhaling.
• 32) Cabin air and pure oxygen gas.
• 33) Cabin air.

144
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• 34) Thermal discharged.

• 35) As temperature increased, bottle pressure increased. Thermal
relief system activated and vent the excess pressure. If the thermal
relief system failed, the thermal discharge occurred and green disk
ruptured.
• 36) NO.
• 37) Replace discharge mechanism, replace disk and service the
system to the correct pressure.
• 38) Green bottle with white lettering AVIATOR’S BREATHING
OXYGEN.
• 39) Pressure reducing valve ( 300-400 psi ).
• 40) Pressure relief valve is failed.

145
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Assignment 1
• Explain in your own words the requirement of oxygen
system in an aircraft.
• Types of oxygen system that commonly found in aircraft.
• Explain the operation of Dilute Demand Oxygen System.
• Elaborate the process and procedure of filling oxygen in
an aircraft.
• State the characteristic of oxygen.
• State the safety procedure when working on aircraft
oxygen system.
(Next week setting a quiz.)

146
 Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• 1.Explain the requirement of suppling oxygen to cabin?

• 2.Name two methods of oxygen producing.
• 3.What are the properties of oxygen.
• 4.What is continuous flow of oxygen system?
• 5.What is dilute demand oxygen system? system?
• 6.Dilute demand regulator has 3 lever; name the lever and their
controls.
• 7.Gaseous oxygen usually are charge up to what pressure?
• 8.How to check pressure of portable oxygen bottle?
• 9.When working on oxygen system what must you ensure for
safety?
147