L5ChC1 and L5ChC2 – Revision Questions

Q1.
This question is about acids, alkalis and bases.

A student reacted zinc oxide powder with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride
solution.

(a) Complete the equation for the reaction by writing the state symbols.

ZnO(_____) + 2 HCl(_____) → ZnCl2(_____) + H2O(_____)

(2)

(b) Give one way that the student could speed up the reaction between zinc oxide
powder and hydrochloric acid.

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(1)

Hydrochloric acid was the limiting reactant.

(c) How could the student know when all the hydrochloric acid has reacted?

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(1)

(d) How could the student obtain zinc chloride solution from the reaction mixture when
all the hydrochloric acid has reacted?

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(1)

(e) Describe how zinc chloride crystals are produced from zinc chloride solution.

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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Page 1 of 18
Q2.
Chromatography was carried out on a sample of soft drinks to check that they contained
only colours that were safe. This is the result.

Safe colours Colours from the soft drinks

What conclusions about the safety of the colours in the soft drinks A, B, C and D can be
made from the results shown by chromatography?

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(Total 2 marks)

Page 2 of 18
Q3.
Chromatography can be used to separate components of a mixture.

(a) A student used paper chromatography to analyse a black food colouring.

The student placed spots of known food colours, A, B, C, D and E, and the black
food colouring on a sheet of chromatography paper.

The student set up the apparatus as shown in Diagram 1.

Diagram 1

The student made two errors in setting up the apparatus.

Identify the two errors and describe the problem each error would cause.

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(4)

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(b) A different student set up the apparatus without making any errors.

The chromatogram in Diagram 2 shows the student’s results.

Diagram 2

(i) What do the results tell you about the composition of the black food colouring?

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(2)

(ii) Use Diagram 2 to complete Table 1.

Table 1

Distance in mm

Distance from start line to solvent front ______________

Distance moved by food colour C ______________

(2)

(iii) Use your answers in part (b) (ii) to calculate the Rf value for food colour C.

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Rf value = ____________________
(1)

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(c) Table 2 gives the results of chromatography experiments that were carried out on
some known food colours, using the same solvent as the students.

Table 2

Distance from
Distance moved
Name of food start line to
by food colour in Rf value
colour solvent front in
mm
mm

Ponceau 4R 62 59 0.95

Carmoisine 74 45 0.61

Fast red 67 27 0.40

Erythrosine 58 17 0.29

Which of the food colours in Table 2 could be food colour C from the
chromatogram?

Give the reason for your answer.

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(2)

(d) Two types of chromatography are gas chromatography and paper chromatography.

Give one advantage of gas chromatography compared with paper chromatography.

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(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Page 5 of 18
Q4.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

(a) Lithium reacts with water to produce lithium hydroxide solution and hydrogen.

Use the correct state symbols from the box to complete the chemical equation.

aq g l s

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) aq
2LiOH(____) g
+ H2(____)

lithium + water lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

(2)

(b) Figure 1 shows the melting points and the boiling points of four substances, A, B, C
and D.

Figure 1

Text

Page 6 of 18
 Which substance is liquid over the greatest temperature range?

Tick one box.

(1)

(c) Which two substances are gases at 50 °C?

Tick one box.

A and B

B and C

C and D

A and D

(1)

(d) A different substance, E, has:

• a melting point of −50 °C
• a boiling point of +120 °C

Plot these two values on Figure 1.

(2)

Page 7 of 18
(e) Figure 2 shows the apparatus a student used to determine the melting point and the
boiling point of substance B in Figure 1.

Figure 2

Explain why the student could not use this apparatus to determine the boiling point
of substance B.
the water thats surrounding it will onky go to 100 but the boiling poinyt is 190
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(2)

(f) Suggest one reason why the student could not use this apparatus to determine the
exact melting point of substance B.
theres too much”
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Page 8 of 18
Q5.
Water can be sterilised.

Sterilised water is safe to drink.

(a) Which two methods are used to sterilise water?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Removing grit

Removing sediment

Using carbon dioxide

Using chlorine

Using ozone

(2)

(b) Why is sterilised water safer to drink than water that has not been sterilised?

sterilised water does not have any bacteria in

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it
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(1)

Salt can be separated from sea water.

(c) Which method uses membranes and energy to separate salt from sea water?

Tick (✓) one box.

Digestion

Paper chromatography

Reverse osmosis

Screening

(1)

Page 9 of 18
A student distilled sea water to obtain pure water.

The figure below shows some of the equipment used.

(d) Describe what happens during distillation.

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(3)

(e) The student only obtained 10 cm3 of pure water from 50 cm3 of sea water.

How could the student improve the method to obtain more pure water from 50 cm3
of sea water?

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(1)

A different system uses solar panels to extract water vapour from the air to produce liquid
water.
(Total 8 marks)

Page 10 of 18
Q6.
This question is about drinking water.

(a) The flow diagram below shows how water is made suitable for drinking.

(i) What is removed when the water is filtered?

Tick ( ) one box.

Gases

Liquids

Solids

(1)

(ii) What is used to sterilise the water?

Tick ( ) one box.

Carbon

Chlorine

Sodium
chloride
(1)

(iii) Why is the water sterilised?

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(1)

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 (b) Water can be purified by distillation.

Drinking water is not usually purified by distillation because distillation is expensive.

Complete the sentence.

Distillation is expensive because it requires a lot of

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(1)

(c) Why do some water companies add fluoride to drinking water?

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(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q7.
Good quality water is needed for a healthy life.

In the United Kingdom, obtaining safe water for drinking is as simple as turning on a tap.
The water is made safe to drink by water companies.

However, in many parts of Africa and Asia, water used for drinking is contaminated and
untreated. It is estimated that 2.2 million people die each year as a result of drinking
contaminated water.

DADA DANESHANANDA, Man with filtered water from the

Mafi-Zongo water project. www.amurt.net/africa/ghana/2005

Efforts are being made to solve this problem and more water is being treated.

Describe how water in the United Kingdom is treated.

Explain how this makes it safe to drink.

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(Total 3 marks)

Page 12 of 18
Q8.
The figure below shows a simple model of the three states of matter.

(a) What is the correct equation to work out the density of a material?

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(1)

(b) A student explains density to his teacher using the particle model in the figure
above.

His teacher says there are limitations to the model.

Give two limitations of the particle model in the figure above.

1. _________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

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(2)

(c) When the gas in a container with a fixed volume is heated, the pressure increases
as the temperature increases.

Explain why the pressure increases.

Use the model in the figure above to help you.

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(4)
(Total 7 marks)

Page 13 of 18
Q9.
A student shakes a tube containing small balls to model the movement of particles in a
gas.

(a) Why is this a good model for the movement of particles in a gas?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

The balls move slowly.

The balls are far apart from each

other.

The balls are different colours.

The balls move randomly.

(2)

(b) For a given material, in which state of matter:

are the particles in a regular arrangement?

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do the particles have the most kinetic energy?

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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Page 14 of 18
Q10.
A student investigated the evaporation of three different liquids using the apparatus
shown.

Identical pieces of cotton wool were soaked in one of three liquids, A, B or C, that have
different boiling points. The same volume of liquid, at the same starting temperature, was
used each time. The temperature of the cotton wool was measured during a ten minute
period.

The results are shown on Graph 1.

Page 15 of 18
(a) Which liquid has the lowest boiling point?

Explain your choice.

Liquid __________

Explanation _________________________________________________________

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(2)

(b) Room temperature is 20 °C.

The line for liquid C reached a lower limit of 7 °C.

Explain why the temperature did not fall below 7 °C.

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(1)

(c) Graph 2 shows the distribution of energy among particles in a liquid.

Explain, in terms of the particles in a liquid, why evaporation causes cooling.

You may use information from Graph 2 to help you with your answer.

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(4)
(Total 7 marks)

Page 16 of 18
Q11.
A student tested a sea water sample for dissolved solids.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus.

Figure 1

(a) What is apparatus X on Figure 1?

Tick one box.

Boiling tube

Condenser

Funnel

Watch glass

(1)

(b) The student did the test four times.

The student calculated the mass of solid on apparatus X after heating.

The table below shows the student’s results.

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4

Mass of solid in grams 0.12 0.29 0.14 0.15

Calculate the mean mass of solid.

Do not include the anomalous result in your calculation.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Page 17 of 18
 ___________________________________________________________________

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Mean mass = _______________________ g

(3)

The student distilled a sample of sea water in the apparatus shown in Figure 2

Figure 2

(c) What change of state is happening at the surface of the sea water in Figure 2?

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(1)

(d) Describe how the water in the test tube in Figure 2 is different from the sea water.

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(1)

(e) Why does producing drinking water from sea water using distillation cost a lot of
money?

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(1)

(f) River water is filtered then sterilised to make drinking water.

Why are these two processes done?

Filtering ____________________________________________________________

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Sterilising __________________________________________________________

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(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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