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BGP Split Horizon Explained

The BGP split horizon rule prevents routing loops by ensuring that routes learned from internal BGP (iBGP) peers are not passed back to other iBGP peers. Specifically, it states that an iBGP router will not advertise routes received from one iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. This prevents potential loops that could occur in a full iBGP mesh topology without proper configuration. Route reflectors are used to disable the split horizon rule and propagate iBGP routes to all peers when full iBGP mesh is not deployed.

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214 views3 pages

BGP Split Horizon Explained

The BGP split horizon rule prevents routing loops by ensuring that routes learned from internal BGP (iBGP) peers are not passed back to other iBGP peers. Specifically, it states that an iBGP router will not advertise routes received from one iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. This prevents potential loops that could occur in a full iBGP mesh topology without proper configuration. Route reflectors are used to disable the split horizon rule and propagate iBGP routes to all peers when full iBGP mesh is not deployed.

Uploaded by

prakashrjsekar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BGP Split Horizon:

Split horizon is one of the features of BGP routing protocols that prevents routing loops. Routes
learned via IBGP will never be sent to another IBGP peer. This can form a loop in your topology
if you have IBGP full mesh. So the Sync rule is here to protect you from black holing if you don’t
have full mesh IBGP in your network and the Split Horizon rule is here to protect you if you
indeed have full IBGP mesh and hence there is a loop. Basically you would not run IBGP full
mesh in your network, but you create something called route-reflector. Route reflector
basically disables the split horizon rule and sends the IBGP routes to every router it has
adjacency with.

BGP Split horizon rule states that: Routes learned via iBGP will never be sent to another iBGP
peer. To put it in another way, an iBGP router will not pass on routes it received from another
iBGP peer to another iBGP peer. The BGP split-horizon rule states that a BGP speaker can’t
advertise any iBGP update to other iBGP peers.

1 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


BGP Split Horizon Lab:

R1 Basic Configuration
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R2 Basic Configuration
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface e0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface e0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R3 Basic Configuration
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#interface e0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R1 BGP Configuration
R1(config)#router bgp 123
R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.12.2 remote-as 123
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
R2 BGP Configuration
R2(config)#router bgp 123
R2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.12.1 remote-as 123
R2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.23.3 remote-as 123
R3 BGP Configuration
R3(config)#router bgp 123
R3(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.23.2 remote-as 123

2 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


R2 is receiving the route from R1 IBGP neighbor.

However, R2 is not giving the route to their another IBGP neighbor R3.

3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717

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