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Maths Project PPT Rachita

This document contains information about circles and tangents to circles from a geometry class. It includes definitions of a circle and tangent line. It presents two theorems: 1) the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact, and 2) the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. It concludes by thanking the teacher for the lesson.

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Vivek Khatri
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127 views6 pages

Maths Project PPT Rachita

This document contains information about circles and tangents to circles from a geometry class. It includes definitions of a circle and tangent line. It presents two theorems: 1) the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact, and 2) the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. It concludes by thanking the teacher for the lesson.

Uploaded by

Vivek Khatri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circles

10

Group X, 10-A
Mitesh Bulani, Moiz Sabir, Muniba Khan, Nyasa Kadwane. Ojas Nagar, Piyush Parmani
Circles - The Hell and Heaven
As we have studied in Class IX that a circle
is a collection of all points in a plane which
are at a constant distance (radius) from a
fixed point (centre). You have also studied
various terms related to a circle like chord,
segment, sector, arc etc. Let us now
examine the different situations that can
arise when a circle and a line are given in a
plane…
Tangent – The Ultimate Enemy
◈ In geometry, the tangent line (or simply
tangent) to a plane curve at a given point
is the straight line that "just touches" the
curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the
line through a pair of infinitely close points
on the curve. ... The word "tangent" comes
from the Latin tangere, "to touch".
◈ Random Fact – First person to use this word
was a mathematician named Thomas Fincke
in 1561
Theorem 10.1 – Death’s Reverberation

The tangent at any point of a circle is


perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
Proof : We are given a circle with centre O and a tangent XY to the circle
at a point P. We need to prove that OP is perpendicular to XY.
Take a point Q on XY other than P and join OQ.
The point Q must lie outside the circle.
(Why? Note that if Q lies inside the circle, XY will become a secant and not
a tangent to the circle). Therefore, OQ is longer than the radius OP of the
circle. That is,
OQ > OP
Since this happens for every point on the line XY except the point P, OP is
the shortest of all the distances of the point O to the points of XY. So OP is
perpendicular to XY.
Theorem 10.2 – Continuity Optimization

The lengths of tangents drawn from an


external point to a circle are equal.

Proof : We are given a circle with centre O, a point P lying outside the
circle and two tangents PQ, PR on the circle from P. We are required to
prove that PQ = PR.
For this, we join OP, OQ and OR. Then ∠ OQP and ∠ ORP are right
angles, because these are angles between the radii and tangents, and
according to Theorem 10.1 they are right angles. Now in right triangles
OQP and ORP,
OQ = OR (Radii of the same circle)
OP = OP (Common)
Therefore, Δ OQP ≅ Δ ORP (RHS)
This gives PQ = PR (CPCT)
Dhanyawad – The Greeting
Polarization
Submitting the project work to – Mr. Swapnil Karnik

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