INTERNATIONAL Is0
STANDARD 56304
Second edition
1991-02-15
Paper and board - Accelerated ageing -
Part 1:
Dry heat treatment at 105 OC
Papier et carton - Vieillissement accfY&6 -
Partie 1: Traitement 3 la chaleur s&he 3 105 OC
Reference number
IS0 5630-l : 1991 (E)
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IS0 56304:1991(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an lnter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 5630-l was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0
5630-1:1982), which has been technically revised.
IS0 5630 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper
and board - Accelerated ageing:
- Part 1: Dry heat treatment at 105 “C
- Part 2: Moist heat treatment at 90 “C and 25 % relative humidity
- Part 3: Moist heat treatment at 80 T and 65 % relative humidity
- Part 4: Dry heat treatment at 120 or 150 “C
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Annex A of this part of IS0 5630 is for information only.
0 IS0 1991
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 * CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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IS0 5630=1:1991(E)
Introduction
Exposure of paper and board to a hostile environment such as some
types of radiation, elevated temperature or chemical attack over a pe-
riod of hours, may provide information concerning the natural changes
that may occur in the material over a period of years CQ PI.
Environments that have been used include exposure to visible and ul-
traviolet radiation, to dry heat, to moist heat, and to sulfur dioxide gas.
Prope rties compared before and after such exposure include mechan-
ical, c hemi cal and optical propert ies.
NOTE 1 Mechanical properties typically used to demonstrate the effect of
exposure include fold endurance (IS0 5626), tensile strength (IS0 1924), tearing
resistance (IS0 1974), or bursting strength (IS0 2758, IS0 2759). Folding en-
durance is the most sensitive indicator of deterioration of paper in ageing, and
changes may show up before there is a change in other mechanical character-
istics. However, there are situations where a degraded paper might not survive
even a single fold; and therefore, other tests should be used.
Chemical properties typically may include pH (IS0 6588), and alkali solubility
(IS0 692).
The optical property typically measured is diffuse blue reflectance (IS0 bright-
ness) (IS0 2470).
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It has been determined that the degradation of cellulose is very sensi-
tive to moisture PI9 PI. Comparison of accelerated ageing with natural
ageing indicates that some moisture should be present in an acceler-
ated ageing atmosphere LX IN. Dry-accelerated ageing of cellulose is
much less sensitive and probably does not rank papers in order of sta-
bility as accurately as moist accelerated ageing. It is much simpler to
use and may be adequate for many purposes, but moist-accelerated
ageing should be used where the greatest correlation with natural age-
ing is needed.
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_---~~~
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 56304:1991(E)
Paper and board - Accelerated ageing -
Part 1:
Dry heat treatment at 105 *C
I scope 3 Principle
This part of IS0 5630 specifies a method for accel- Samples of paper or board are heated in a venti-
erating the ageing of paper and board by dry heat lated oven for a specified time at 105 OC. Agreed
treatment at 105 OC. properties of the sample are compared before and
after this treatment.
This procedure is not applicable to certain high pu-
rity papers such as are used for insulation in elec-
trical equipment for which IS0 5630-4 is more 4 Apparatus
suitable.
4.1 Oven, ventilated, with a rate of air change of not
This part of IS0 5630 does not give any preference less than IO per hour, capable of maintaining a
for the tests to be made on the paper or board. It is temperature of 105 OC + 2 OC and so designed that
left to the parties concerned to determine which during the test, test samples are not exposed to light
tests are appropriate for the type of paper or board or to direct radiation from heating elements.
being evaluated.
The design should be such that the test samples are
uniformly exposed to the oven conditions. Not more
than 15 min should be required to bring the oven
back to working conditions after loading.
4.2 Test equipment, complying with the relevant
2 Normative references International Standard, if any, or with another ap-
propriate standard method.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions 4.3 Desiccator, or other preconditioner, maintained
of this part of IS0 5630. At the time of publication, at IO % to 35 O/orelative humidity.
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IS0 5630 are encouraged to investi- 5 Sampling
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of Where possible, sampling shall be carried out in
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid accordance with IS0 186.
International Standards.
6 Preparation of samples
IS0 186:1985, Paper and board - Sampling to deter-
mine average quality. For each property being evaluated (see Introduc-
tion), select and prepare two sets of samples in ac-
IS0 1873990, Paper, board and pulps - Standard cordance with the relevant International Standard, if
atmosphere for conditioning and testing and proce- any, or with another appropriate standard method.
dure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning
of samples. Protect the test pieces from strong light.
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IS0 5630=1:1991(E)
Avoid handling the samples with bare hands and method relevant to the required test, for each prop-
avoid exposure to the atmosphere of a chemical erty being evaluated (see Introduction).
laboratory.
Carry out the test as described in the relevant
International Standard or another standard method,
7 Procedure for heat treatment as appropriate, taking care to avoid handling the
test area with bare hands at all times.
Carry out the heat treatment in the dark.
Suspend the samples to be heat treated in the oven 10 Test report
(4.1) so that the samples are at least 100 mm from
the oven walls and do not touch each other and so 10.1 The test report shall include the following in-
that uncontaminated air at 105 OC + 2OC can circu- formation:
late freely round each sample. Le&e the samples
in the oven for 72 h + 1 h preferably, but if another a) reference ,to this part of IS0 5630;
treatment time is considered more suitable, the time
used shall be 24 h -+ 1 h, 48 h -+ 1 h or 144 h -+ 1 h. b) reference to the International Standard, if any,
or to another standard method to which the test-
NOTES ing conformed.
2 By agreement between vendor and purchaser, all the
above specified times may be used, and the result of tests 10.2 The test report shall also include, as specified
plotted as a function of the treatment time. In this case a by the standard method to which the testing proce-
total of five sets of samples are required. dures conformed, the following particulars:
3 The oven should not contain more than one type of
a) all the indications neces sary for complete iden-
paper or board at any time in order to prevent the possi-
bility of contamination by distillation or sublimation pro-
tifi cation of the sample;
ducts.
b) date and place of testing;
While the treatment is being carried out, keep the
remaining samples in the dark, away from heat, and c) the time and temperature of the heat treatment;
avoid exposure to the atmosphere of a chemical
laboratory. d) the temperature and relative humidity of the at-
mo sphere used t o condition the samples;
8 Conditioning
e) the number of tests carried out;
8.1 At least 2 h before completion of the heat f) the mean value and standard deviation of the
treatment, place the untreated samples in the measured value of the appropriate property of
desiccator or other preconditioner (4.3) at IO % to the untreated material;
35 % relative humidity.
g) the mean value and standard deviation of the
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8.2 On completion of the heat treatment, transfer measured value of the appropriate property of
both the treated and untreated samples to the same the treated material;
conditioned atmosphere, regulated in accordance
with IS0 187. h) any deviations from the relevant International
Standard or other standards used, or any cir-
9 Procedure for testing cumstances or influence which might have af-
fected the test results.
Prepare sufficient test pieces from treated and un-
treated samples in accordance with the relevant
International Standard, if any, or another standard
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IS0 56304:1991(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
[I] CARDWELL, R.D. Ageing of paper, Doctoral the- celerated ageing of paper. NBSIR 78-1443, Re-
sis, N.Y. State. College of Forestry, Syracuse, port to the National Archives and Records
N.Y., 1973. Service. Available from: Springfield, VA 22151
National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
[Z] LUNER, I? Paper Permanence. Tappi 52 1969:
796-805. [5] BANSA, H. and HOFER, H.H. Die Aussagekraft
einer kilnstlichen Alterung von Papier fur
[3] GRAMINSKI, E.L., PARKS, E.J. and TOTH, E.E. The Prognosen iiber seine Benutzbarkeit.
effects of temperature and moisture on the ac- Restaurator 6, (I, 2) 1984: 21-60.
celerated ageing of paper. ACS Symposium
Series No. 95, Durability of Macromolecular [S] BANSA, H. and HOFER, H.H. Die Beschreibung
Materiak, R.K. Eby (Ed.), 1979. der Benutzbarkeitsqualitat gealterter Papiere
in Bibliotheken und Archiven. Das Papier 34
[4] GRAMINSKI, E.L., PARKS, E.J. and TOTH, E.E. The (8) 1980: 348-355.
effects of temperature and moisture on the ac-
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IS0 5630-1:1991(E)
UDC 676.3/.7:920.193.198.2
Descriptors: paper, paperboards, tests, aging tests (materials), dry heat tests.
Price based on 3 pages
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