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PDF Poli Lex Pareto Compress

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David Antonio A. Escueta
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POLITICAL LAW www.lexparetonotes.zdiaz.com LEX PARETO NOTES ° - 2017 EDITION Vital few... trivial many 7/9 i ' ' ! 1 All rights reserved 2017 ‘ This publication may not be reproduced in any part or ' in any form without permission from the authors ' 1 ' ' t ‘ 1 By: Diaz * Quano * Matsumoto * Barillo * Fernandez * Dayanan* De Guia * Uy aaa eeerE~_—t—tzte Lox Pareto Notes - 2017 Edition —_ 4 Volume | CHAPTER Il - POLITICAL LAW ' |- INTRODUCTION TO THE BAR EXAMS FOR POLITICAL LAW For Freshmen Students: Fast Facts: * Political Law has the following subjects in general: . Constitutional Law . Administrative Law . Law on Public Officers . Election Laws . Local Government . Public International Law Aabwons * The Constitution is the Fundamental Law of the land; it is where all the other laws are derived from. It is important to know the basic principles laid down by the Constitution itself so that we may have a certain familiarity of its provisions since all laws created by the Republic of the Philippines must conform to it. * The study of Constitution is basically broken up into two. We have the Political aspect, where all the main branches of the Government are studied including certain governmental agencies, its powers and limitations. The second part is the Bill of Rights aspect, where all our rights are broken down individually for our clear understanding. Chapter II — Political law Volun, time Every year New ig, 1 arse. Ths IS begg®® nar alas in the Bar. Therefore th. ject rs eubiedt is abo 2 oe rey erat important and the key 4 wee * oe Goat agth in the Bar sustain a — that wit be tackled by this Subject. The + There are a Jot of topics ¢ here are often intertwineg Jon: Tree or ti is that Be JBOSS broadest coverage wn te othe sacs a the Pees the most materials to reag among oat and study would require you to wth several ul digest years, find someone you can share your thoughts with. This would make it easy for you in the later stages of Law schoo! SL. lll Volume | Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition For the “Breeze Through Students” Fast Facts Law is not that dificult to understand subject, its principles ‘ooted in the very nature of a human being... $0 don't aside time to read your materials because long subject. Remember, it is very important the reason is because you may lear as of the past cases is often abandoned you study law, the and a new one is present There is always that option to listen to other learned persons who have been wounded by recit is also advisable that you enroll in a review class or listen to recordings of reviewers in order to increase your understanding of the subject and to ensure that you are getting the latest updates on the subject. For Bar examinees: Please take note of the coverage of this year’s bar exam. There could be some special iaws that will be added to the regular coverage, while there are others that will not be included. Check out the Supreme Court website (http:/Avww.supremecourt gov.ph) concerning this matter or get information from your law college. is Article as you can always be sure be asked from this Article every year. that a question ‘We have also observed that there is a possibility that jurisprudence ‘and news events and its legal impli from the time you take the bar exams will be asked so be mindful (Chapter — Pottical aw >... Chapter I! - Political law = Vole me it . Volume t roto Notes ~ 2017 Ed ate) tiot ts LexPareto Notes~2017 Edition Volume t a oat bat reviewet me OF FOR THE PAST 20 pserved (as ™ However there are some favorite (‘SOURCES POLITICAL LAWS QUESTION: ae nals ropatern tx rieatord 8S" Vienna. Convention ‘YEARS (1990 = 2015) “AND THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PARE emational laws and ences uc of the Intemational Coury 2? PRINCIPLE INCLOS, the source of bar gy, matic relations, UI has been am Jetee. Sovereign immunty ste iss boen observed that recently thet ess throughout the years. It hes Won So take note ofthe More than 60 % of the questions asked in Political law were taken has been a steady rise in Intemational from the Constitution, Intemational law and other statutes (Scattered provisions from several The rest (About 20 %) are taken from the Fast fact iene ic law and the Law on bout bar exams for Political Local government code, election laws, administrative er ms Public officers. + Usually given on the 1* Sunday of the bar exar + Usual Morning . ere eam schedule som 600 P.. to 12 p.m. toss Adarwenbiswes estan 2 Youhave about hours to answer the questions. tote ve he ‘of questions is from 30 to 50 including sub. Coxe + The average number of ai _ nswen ir Pubic Officers tow + When answering make sure you ake not of the folowing: * 2 Fora question worth 1 point, you have 2 Minutes and 24 Secon See to answer Ea ~ For aquestion worth 2 Points, you have 4 Minutes and 48 Seconds oa to answer Fora question worth 3 Points, you have 7 Minutes and 12 Seconds poet Pate aa ~ For a question worth § Points you have 12 Minutes to answer syaentn fon Pro Abeterso Domondon's lectue “EWfecive bar review methods: A Reron Meee” Used wit pemission We nahly recommend his book Efecree Ba. «jal 908s together with Labor law in the afternoon * [Has a weight of 15% ofthe otal bar exame Asal moming subjects are except legal ethics) SS SS Chapler !— Polical tay 70 Chapter Il - Political law —_— se _ Volume R Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition __ Volume | TAKEN _FROM Ty, a Lex Po yESTIONS TAKE, vThe GENERAL _OBSERVA HONS, 5 EARS | (1990-2078) AND THe eeracas CONSTITUTION FOR THE (Pero pRINCIPLE Most asked Articles sorted from Highest to lowest (1990 2015 bar CONSTI ‘THE PARETO APPLICABILITY OF THE P/ exams) ‘A. Constitution No.of Article TOPIC pes asked 135 | Department 63 Executive Department 54 Legislative Department 54 National Economy and Patrimony 35: ‘Education, Science and Technology, Arts, 4 Culture and Sports XVI ral Provisions 30. wv ship. 23 tl jaration of Principles and State Policies | 23 Xill__| Social Justice and Human Rights = 16 XI | Accountability of Public Officers 16 TXC_| The Commission on Elections XVil_ [Amendments or Revisions 1X-B_| The Civil Service Commission 1) The Constitution has 18 Articles, questions were taken from all articles, 22) About 553 questions were taken out of these 18 Articles. 3) Ot the 553 questions asked, about 83 % were derived from 9 4) These 9 Articies represen Jats aaa eptesets about 0 % ofthe ftal numberof Chapier I Polticat ou Local Government ‘Common Provisions 4935 Constitution 1973 Constitution ———— Chapter Il - Political law - . Vol viet eT ~ ex Pareto Ne Lox Pawo Notes ae jaw public intemations! vio. of times asked apes ea [Diplomatic immunity _ = The Covenant on Civil and Political {Vienna Convention on Consular LLL 3 3 Rights. 7 3 1 Revised Penal Code Civil Code. } Ropublic Acts 48 RAM Se, of Pee] Chapter ll Political law iF Chapter |) - Political law - Volume | ___Volume 1 exbamtonees 2007 wa code —a-— 1) Local government coo" a cof times asked “| (Sections = a é “nels and oor states §—— E)ELECTION Laws [See118 ___——— : —— 3 TOPIC No. of times TOTAL e————— 3 — sked ‘Sec 22 er | ‘Sec fo ‘Sec 4 pn ae z ob aa eee TE [sects 19 r [See2o z [See72_ | ‘ (pete + ee 2 ‘Sec 45 1 2 [secas_ 4 ee 2 } Chapter tl Political law Chapter 1! - Political law FF . Volume Administrative sae No.of times asked No. of times asked ‘Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition —|.e AaA- Volume | Ill - FREQUENTLY ASKED ARTICLES IN THE BAR EXAMS (1990-2015) Together with commonly known doctrines that could be the basis for their answers A) - Questions taken from the Constitution 1987 Constitution Doctrine ‘This publication may not be reproduced in any part or 1 in.3ny form wtheut permission from the authors ' By Diax* Ouanc Matsumoto“ Baril “Fernandez “ Dayanan* De Gula ‘ Uy SE Serres ates com ‘SOL DI RIA -1 » 10:31 Chapter Il - Politica faw NATIONAL TERRITORY The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over domains, including its territorial. sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, | between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the intemal waters of the Philippines. | Integrity of the national territory - ‘comprises the Philippine the islands and waters I other territories over The national ter archipelago, wit embraced therein, which the Philippines _has sovereignty or | - 1996 | 8-1 18 Chapter I! = Political law : ‘soverei ‘emanates republican State. erent authority | [pope and at ove | ane for an bond to run Requiting candidates 10 POS 3 Oy with the cbctve poston © “eo nuican system | re | social justice undertying the tenet that ile roast See GR No L-24628, Sept. 7, 1966) Doctrine of incorporation Seo, 2 “The Philppines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts_the enerally accepted princisles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy _of peace, equality, justice freedom, | | | serous, ‘and arity with all nations” rinciple of Xl a Chapter I! Poftical aw SS ke ae 20 Lex Pareto Notes — 2017 Edition ol ss __Volume | ‘Sec. 3 - Civil goal is 1o secure the sovereignty of ‘the State and the integrity of the national territory. serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfilment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service. social justice in all phases of national development human person and guarantees full respect for human rights. family as 2 basic autonomous social institution. It lly protect the life of the mother and e unborn from conception. The primary right and duty of parents in \J of the youth for civic efficier the development of moral character shall the support of the Government. in nation-building, and shall_ensure the authorty is, at all times, | 2006 | VE supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of | 2003 | 13 the protector of the people and | 2009 Sec 4. - The prime duty of the Government is to | 1985 | 8-1 Sec. 10 Social Justice - The State shall promote | 1985 | 1-1 Sec. 11 - The State values the dignity of every | 1991 | 1-B Sec. 12 - The State recognizes the sanctity of | 2000 | 1X-b family life and shall protect and strengthen the | 2008 | xvb Sec, 14 -The State recognizes the role of women | 2000 | Ix-b via Chapter Il - Political law 2 Vv / ——__“May, a : Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Editi Volume | croton 2175880 — I~ Lex Pareto Notes 2017 Edition ee. sex Poret __—_ afore the HW Ti [BILL OF RIGHTS ~ | [—Ttondamertal eausl | | | and men 1 protect and 1994 | 1-4. Sec. 1 - No person shall be deprived of life,| 1992 |2-a “The State shal Ppalanced liberty, or property without due process of law, | 1994 | 12-2 | | Sec. 16 - Eooloay | shat be vols and oy te Meme 2003 | nora by at feast 0 2008 | i% nee was agence) s dosignatod. re notroatios and | 2015 || by the fr tha Execute areerent Ce cumonce by the institution independent, oe wand witout the ee omisih ‘of Customs the judicial department He -14279, Oct. members of he SONA 1 Sec. 2- The Congress shall have the power to 1992 7 - shall be vested in o 1 The pos a in such lower courts as passed reorganizing the Judiciary when @ ‘Supreme Cour tow. undermines the security of tenure of ts may be established BY Members. Sec. 3 - The Judiciary shall enjoy fiacal 1999 XI 2014 | XVI anvounting to lack or exc tion on oe port of ‘any branch or instrumentality of the Government. 1999 | XLA 2012 | Ive in the case of Mecalintal vs. Presidential | 2012 | Va ninety days from the occurrence thereot Electoral Trtumal GR No. 191618, Nov. 23, | 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that it has not 2) All cases involving the constitutonality of a| 1996 74 | junsdection to née on 4 petiion alleging grave Ae isa a ee or a —z ‘Chapter II - Political jaw 4 Chapter it~ Political low ~ | he jecided with tt be Jertambers Who ations on the a division shall be 2) Casto sett] Soncurrence of a aesded ses who actualy took part jorty oF Te Me on te issues in the case and: ome in ro case, without the * Members. 1S of at least three of such M Sore eared numer is not cbtained, the Wire al fe deaded en bane; Provided, that no Seerine or puncile of faw laid down by the court in 2 decision rendered en banc or in division may be mosifed or reversed except by the court sting en banc . Sec. 5 - The Supreme Court shall have the following powers: (1) Exerese orginal jurisdiction over cases atecting ambassadors, other public ministers | 2nd consuls, and over pelitions for certiorari, Prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus, 1999) 1999 1999 | 2014 1999 2000 Xk Lex Pareto Notes - 2017 Edition _ * The Supreme Court is the final arbiler of all Justiciable disputes. No other body has the power to review the decisions of the Supreme Court’ (In the matter of proceedings for disciplinary action against Atty Wenceslao Laureta, G.R No. L-68635, May 14, 1987) (2) Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in: (a) All cases in which the constitutionalty or | validity of any treaty, intemational or executive | agreement, lew, - presidential decree, Proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or fegulation is in question. {b) All cases involving the legality of any tax impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto, (¢) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue | (d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher. {e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved. (3) Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to CheplerI- Poitical lan Chapter il - Poitical iaw PT ‘Lox Pareo Notes= EO Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Ecition as le 2017 Edition Volume | E public tall not exce i + Se ations 45 Font st jud, T . Son emo et of the judge Sec. 8 4999 [XC eenthe |W | 1) A-Jugi : | ¢ Judicial and Bar Council is hereby created eed se or pico of tal 0 under the supervision of the ames Court — arene lf] composed of the Chief Justice as ex ofcio (0 de oe of justi airman, the Secretary of Just , and a scerpcioain | 180A representative of the Congress officio concerning Members, a representative of the ted Bar, (6) Promulgete es constitutional hts, | 2000 1 procedure in all courts, 2008 She practice of law, the | 2009 id iegal assistance to the | 2013 su shall provide a | 2013 a professor of law, a retired of the Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector. ted hues (2) The regular Members of the Counci 1999 | x-C uncerpivieget irae sive procedure for the |2014 appointed by the President for 2 term simpli ‘disposition of cases, shall be uniform for | 2015 years with the consent of the Commissi EN er the same grade, and si 2015 Appointments. Of the Members first appointed, at ish, inereese, of modify substantiv | the representative of the Integrated Bar shall amish crease, outs and quask | serve for four years, the professor of law for eae ‘Shall remain effective unless | thee years, theretred Juste for wo years, and e representative of the private secior |__| disapproved by the Supreme Court | fea ea em | | © Appoint all officials and employees of the | 2000 || (6) The Council shall have the principal function | 2000 | 1 ludiciary in accordance with the Civil Service of recommending appointees to the Judiciary It | Law. may exercise such other functions and duties as | the Supreme Court may assign to it. Sec. 6 - The Suprame Court shall have the | 1996 administrative supervision over all courts and the | 1999 Sec. 9- The Members of the Supreme Court and personnel thereof. 2000 judges of 2005 President from a list of at least three nominees 2008 prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council for 2012 every vacancy. Such appointments need no confirmation. Chapter Il - Political aw 6 Chapier Ii ~ Political law eme Court of te Sa offce: 2 —, ae oF enair office. The Supreme Se aad oat ie power to discipline poe Soe courts, or order their dismissal saat of 2 majorty of the Members who aly ‘ook pat in the deliberations on the issues mn the case and voted thereon. | sec. 12 - The Members of the Supreme Court oa pare courts established by law shall not be designated to any agency performing quasi- judicial or administrative functions. |_| Sec. 13 The conclusions of the Supreme Court | many case submited tit for decsion en banc or in division shall be reached in consultation | | before the case is assigned to a Member for the | | writing of the opinion of the Court. A certification to this effect signed by the Chief Justice shall be ‘issued and a copy thereof attached to the record 1996 1993 2000 2000 2013 Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition Volume | issented, or | ] olution must | | A. | Common Provisions | | Seo. 1 - The Constitutional Commissions, which | 2013 | Xo shall be independent, are the Civil Service | Commission, the Commission on Elections, and | the Commission on Audit. | Sec. 2 - No Member of a Constitutional | 1998 | 113 Commission shall, during his tenure, hold |2015 | xxin1 ‘other office or employment. Neither shal ‘engage in the practice of any profession or vilege Government, any of its or insirumentalities, controlled corporation or their subsidiaries | | Seo. 5 - The Commission shall enjoy xvIl autonomy. Their approved annual appropri shall be automatically and regularly released. 1999 Sec 6 - Each Commission en banc may xill promulgate its own rules conceming pleadings | | of the case and served upon the parties. Any en 8 Chapter 1! - Poiitical faw Chapter I! Pohlical law a cide by 2] 1995 y case oF days from ‘yach Commission ypreme Court on aggrieved party within thirty te rm Soot acopy ret €. Commission on Election tions shall 2 - The Commission on Elect aie the following powers and functions: _. (6) Register, after sufficient publication, | 2070 | xy) poitical parties, organizations, or coalitions | which, i© addition to other requirements, must | present their platform or program of government; | and accredit ciizens’ ams of the Commission cn Elections. Religious denominations and sects shal not be registered. Those which seek to achieve their goals through violence or ur | means, or refuse to uphold and adhere to this | |__| Constitution, or which are supported by any a a (Chapter tl Political law H Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition Volume | [foreign government shall likewise be refused) || istration —| 1X- | The Civil Service Commi | Sec. 2 - (1) The civil service embraces all 1999 | IX.C branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and | 2003 | Vil agencies of the Goverment, including govert nt-awned or controlled corporations: with original charters, | (2) No officer or employee of the civil service | 1993 | 11.3. | ‘shall be removed or suspended except for cause | provided by law. Sec. 5 - The Congress shall provide for the | 1998 | 1-5 standardization of compensation of governme! | qualifications required for their positions. Sec. 6 - No candidate who has lost in sry XVIn election shall, within one year after such election, be appointed to any office in the Government or any government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries Sec. 7 - No elective official shall be eligible for | 1895 appointment or desig in any capacity to | 2002 any public office or position during his tenure. | 2015 Unless otherwise all by law or by the primary functions of his position, no appointive |__| Chapter I! - Political law kind from any Y gratuities shal double, of ject compensation. __—_ a eteamission on Elections . Chairman and the sat bn appointed by the nt of the hes he for a term of seven years withot session ‘Of those first appointe od, three ‘Members shall hold office for seven years, two Members for five years, and the last Members for three years, without reappointment. | Appointment to @ vacangy shall be only for the unexpired term of the predecessor. In no case shall any Member be appointed or designated in | | atemporary or acting capacity. se 1 - 2) Commissioners si President wih the conse Sec. 2. - The Commission on Elections shall | exercise the following powers and functions : 2) Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over 1997 | 2005 2005 2015 1996 xv 14-1 iF V2 EN Se Chepier Il Political lew % Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition 's relating to the elections, retums, and all elect ional, provincial decided by Decisions, final lings of the Commission on election contests involving elective municigal and barangay offices shall be final, executory, and not appealable. {3) Decide, except those involv the right to uestions affecting election ‘Ces, appointment of election officials pectors, and registration of voters, (6) File, upon a verified complaint, or on tts own ‘e, petitions in court for inclusion -or exclusion of voters; investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute cases of violations of election laws, including acts or omissions constituting election frauds, offenses, and malpractices. Sec. 5 - No pardon, amnesty, parole, or suspension of sentence for violation of election laws, rules, and regulations shall be granted by the President without the favorable recommendation of the Commission. 2001 2012 2001 1991 2015 Volume | Chapter il - Political law 7 2017 Edition — go Notes = 2 tex Paw! con on Audit shall D 5. (a) The Commission uty to examine, = raining to the enditures. oF owned or held in : and on a oti aa al bodies, tl that have been granted cnder this Constitution; (b) fscal_autonorl coleges and universities; (c) autonomous or cine 2S subsicaes; and (a) such coporatns ool erties receiving subsidy or Beaty, deco: ety, fom of tough the government, which are required By aw fe institution to submit to such al ston of substy or equi. However, where the intemal control system of the audited agencies is inadequate, the Commission may ‘adopt such measures, including temporary or special pre-audi, as are necessary and appropriate to correct the deficiencies. It shall keep the general accounts of the Goverment and, for such period as may be provided by law, preserve the vouchers and other supporting | — pertaining thereto. | 2) The Commission shall have exclusive | authority, subject tothe limitations in this Article, 2001 vill Volume | ine the scope of its audit and examination, lish the techniques and methods required and promulgate accounting and | ing rules and regulations, inclu for the prevention and disallowance o unnecessary, excessive, extravagant, nconscionable expenditures, or uses of government funds and properties. —_ |X LOCAL GOVERNMENT = General Provisions Seo. § - Each local government unit shall have 1999 the power to create its own sources of revenues | 2007 and to levy taxes, fees, and charges subject to | 2013 Such guidelines and limitations as the Congress | may provide, consistent with the basic policy of | local autonomy, Such taxes, fees, and charges | shall accrue exclusively to the local | govemments. Sec. 6 - Local government units shall have share, as determined by law, in the na taxes which shall be automatically released to, them, ist | 1999 Sec. 7 - Local governments shall be entitled to | 1991, an equitable share in the proceeds of the | 1996 utilization and development of the national| 1999 wealth within their respective areas, in the manner provided by law, including shai same with the inhabitants by way of benefits. HB WX WB 13:2 Chapter I~ Poitical law Chapter I= Political law Eb _—______ ‘Lex Paroto Notes'= 2017 Edition officers and employees must at all accountable to the people, sorve them with ) utmost responsibil tegrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. Sec. Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of | 2000 the | 2000 ‘hep Pollan elected ag the Constitutional Commissions, and ovince, 6H mncioalty or 2004 |vig Ombudsman may be removed from office, on | 2012 gece. 10 - NO CO created, divided, Rood, impeachment for, and conviction of, culpable | 2013 berengay 9) undaty substantially @! p violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, abs. oS Bone with the criteria graft and corruption, other high crimes, or cept accor overment Code and | betrayal of public trust. All other public officers estalnod by 8 majorly of ae Ace | and employees may be removed from office as aied © = ei ‘ne political units directly provided by law, but not by impeachment. affected. | | 1996 | a4 Sec. 3 - (1) The House of Representatives shall ‘Autonomous Region | have the exclusive power to initiate all cases of | sec 16 - There shal be created autonomous impeachment. fegons in Musim Mindango and in’ the : Cordileras consisting of provinces, cities, (2) A verified complaint for impeachment may be | 2012 municipalities, and geographical ereas sharing filed by any Member of the House of common and distinctive historical and cultural | Representatives or by any citizen upon a nerfage, economic and social structures, and resolution of endorsement by any Member cher dent damchagks ‘win the | thereof, which shall be included in the Order a framework ofthis Constuton and the national | Business within ten session days, and referred sovereignty as well as toritorial integrity of the to the proper Committee within three session a Repub Pipes | days thereafter. The Committee, after hear ‘ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS and by a majority vote of all its Members, shall submit its report to the House within sixty Sec. 1 - Public offce is a public trust. Public | 2003 | tht session days from such referral, together wh the corresponding resolution. The resolution 2 - The President, the Vice-President, the | 1999 | XV Volume | \ \= | | | a Chapter Il - Political law Lex Pare NOs shat be © pose wine f yaint or resolution of ot east one-third of all eens the same shall Jes of Impeachment, and trial pie the ATIC’ opine Send ssnal forthwith proceed. verted impeac shall be 5) No. impeachment proceedings © ss agane ine save ofl mace than once within 2 period of one year” + jeckoned fom the time the impeachment complains refered 9 he committee on Justice 7) Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not than removal from office and convicted shall nevertheless be liable and Subjest 19 prosecution, tial, and punishment according to law. 2014 \__| According 10 Bernas, the purpose of 2012 Chapter tl Poltical law @ Lex Parato Notes ~ 2017 Edttion not to punish but only t6 remove | a public officer to secur 0 as cited in Answers to the 2012 | Bar exam questions, U.P Law Complex p 42) Sec. 8 - The Ombudsman and his Deputies shall | 1998 be natural-born citizens of the P' the time of their appointment. at least forty years. | old, of recognized probity and independence | and members of the Philippine Bar, and must not have been candidates for any elective office in the immediately preceding election. The | Ombudsman must have for ten years or more been a judge or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. During their tenure, they shall be subject to the same disquaifications and 'S as provided for in Section 2 of Articie 's Constitution. Sec. 12 - The Ombudsman and his Deputies, as | 2000 V protectors of the people, shall act promotly on. complaints filed in any form or manner against | public officials or employees of the Government ‘or any agency, subdivision or instrumentality thereof, “including government-owned or controlled corporations, and shall, in appropriate | | cases, notify the complainants of the actions | | taken and the result thereof | Sec. 13 - The Office of the Ombudsman shall | have the following powers, functions, and duties: | 7 | Volume | Chapter Ii - Political law 6 other form of ion, 22 Sy business tr vey orinditecly, DY Se oled bank or tne Present, the ViCe- senbers of the Cabine! the apne cout and the Congress. cmssions, the Ombudsman, ey arm x entity in, which they have eonreleg imerest, during their tenure. ‘Sec 17. A public officer of employee shall, upon zesumption of office and 28 often thereafter as may be requited by lam, declaration , and net | | and officers of the armed forces with general or | | fag rank, the declaration shall be disclosed to |__| the pubic in the manner provided by law. [2012 2002 1991 2000 2012 ——_——~ty, VN xi Sa | ee, “Lox Pareto Notes = 2017 Editon 2007 |ilb pair] Volume | NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY ‘Sec. 1 - The goals of the national economy are @ more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the under- privileged. The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on sound agricuttural development and agrarian reform, through industries that make full and efficient use of human and natural resources, and which are competitive in both domestic and foreign markets. However, the State shall protect Filipino enterprises against unfair foreign ‘competition and trade practices. In the pursuit of these goals, all sectors of the economy and all regions of the country shall be given optimum opportunity to develop. Private enterprises, including corporations, cooperatives, and ‘similar collective organizations, shall be encouraged to broaden the base of their ownership. ae ee ey Se a Chapter I~ Political aw lands of the public domain, waters, | 1990 | . coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, | 1994 .es of potential energy, fisheries, forests or 1994 timber lora and fauna, and other natural | 1994 resources are owned by the State. With the | 1998 ee Se od Chapter 1! - Political law | pir ands, all 0 alienate shareg SUTTONS gions at least Sty PST ions OF ‘owned by such cre eee ee ‘Such agreement years, renewable for nat exceeding WOMENS OFF and under such ne are Pa Oe by a a , water in cases of water i ther than industial uses 0 oe sre and limit of the grant. otzens utilzation of natural resources by citizens, a8 well as cooperative fish farming, with | workers in rivers, lakes, bays, and lagoons. ‘The President may enter into agreements with | Pfiorty to subsistence fishermen and fish foreign-owned comporations invoh ing either Lex Pareto Notes ~ 2017 Edition _ ‘lopment, and utilization | lsum, and other mineral oils | to the general terms and conditions | provided by law, based on real contrioutions to the economic growth and general welfare of the country. In such agreements, the State sh promote the development and use of local scientific and technical resources the Congress of every in accordance with this ity days from its execution classified by law according to the uses which they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the | public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands. Private corpc not hold such alienable lands of the public domain except by lease, for a period not | exceeding twenty-five years, renewable for not one thousand hectares in area. Citizens of the | Philippines may lease not more than five | hundred hectares, or acquire not more than | -| | twelve hectares thereof by purchase, homestead, or grant. Taking into account the requirements of J subject fo the requirements of agrarian reform, Volume | tecrical of financial assistance for large-scale Chapter —Poltical fan Chapter Il - Political law o 7 may be relations in nd extent of rights oF determining the OF me ancestral domain. ; - cases of hereditary succession, Soe tol be transferred or conveyed oe ‘ndividuals, corporations, OF EF ions qualified to acquire or hold lands of ‘me pubic domain. ihe size of | 1992 1994 1994 1994 1994 1998 1998 2002 2009 1995 1998 ca te = ‘ay, Ss Lox Parato Notes ~ 2017 Edition ivate sectors, and local ommend to Congress, and and coordinated Until the Congress provides otherwise, the National Economic and Development Authority shall function as the independent planning agency of the government. Sec. 11 - No franchise, certificate, or any other y the operation of a public ranted except to citizens of the least sixty per centum of whose car by such citizens, nor shall such certificate, or authorization be exclusive in character or for a longer period than fifty years. Neither shall any such franchise or right be granted except under the condition that it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress when the common good so s. The State shall encourage inchise; the governing body of any public utility enterprise Volume |

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