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Dictionary in Python

The document discusses Python dictionaries. It explains that dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs where keys must be unique and immutable. It demonstrates how to create, access, modify, delete elements from dictionaries and built-in functions like len() and sorted() that can operate on dictionaries. Dictionary comprehensions provide a concise way to create dictionaries from iterables. Membership testing and iteration are also covered.

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Rupesh Chaudhary
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27 views

Dictionary in Python

The document discusses Python dictionaries. It explains that dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs where keys must be unique and immutable. It demonstrates how to create, access, modify, delete elements from dictionaries and built-in functions like len() and sorted() that can operate on dictionaries. Dictionary comprehensions provide a concise way to create dictionaries from iterables. Membership testing and iteration are also covered.

Uploaded by

Rupesh Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON-5

DICTIONARY
Dictionary in Python

 Python dictionary is an unordered collection of items.


 A dictionary has a { key: value } pair , while other
compound data types have only value as an element.
 Dictionaries are optimized to retrieve values when the
key is known.
How to create a dictionary?

 Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside


curly braces { } separated by comma.
 An item has a key and the corresponding value
expressed as a pair, key: value.
 While values can be of any data type and can repeat.
 Keys must be of immutable type
(string, number or tuple with immutable elements) and
must be unique.
Creating a dictionary
# empty dictionary
my_dict = {}
# dictionary with integer keys
my_dict = {1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'}
# dictionary with mixed keys
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 1: [2, 4, 3]}
# using dict() –in-build function
my_dict = dict({1:'apple', 2:'ball'})
How to access elements
from a dictionary?
 While indexing is used with other container types to
access values, dictionary uses keys. Key can be used
either inside square brackets or with the get() method.
 The difference while using get() is that it
returns None instead of KeyError, if the key is not
found.
Accessing elements from a
dictionary
my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}

print(my_dict['name'])
# Output: Jack

print(my_dict.get('age'))
# Output: 26
How to change or add
elements in a dictionary?
 How to change or add elements in a dictionary?
 Dictionary are mutable. We can add new items or
change the value of existing items using assignment
operator.
 If the key is already present, value gets updated, else a
new key: value pair is added to the dictionary.
Changing or adding elements in a
dictionary?
my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}
# update value
my_dict['age'] = 27
print(my_dict)
#Output: {'age': 27, 'name': 'Jack'}
# add item
my_dict['address'] = 'Downtown'
print(my_dict)

# Output: {'address': 'Downtown', 'age': 27, 'name':


'Jack'}
How to delete or remove
elements from a dictionary?
 We can remove a particular item in a dictionary by
using the method pop(). This method removes as item
with the provided key and returns the value.
 The method, popitem() can be used to remove and
return an arbitrary item (key, value) form the
dictionary. All the items can be removed at once using
the clear() method.
 We can also use the del keyword to remove individual
items or the entire dictionary itself.
Removing element/Dictionary
using pop(),popitem(),del,clear()

 # create a dictionary  # delete a particular item


 squares = {1:1, 2:4, 3:9, 4:16,  del squares[5]
5:25}
 print(squares)
 # remove a particular item
 # Output: {2: 4, 3: 9}
 print(squares.pop(4))
 # remove all items
 # Output: 16
 squares.clear()
 print(squares)
 # Output: {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 5: 25}
 print(squares)
 # remove an arbitrary item  # Output: {}
 print(squares.popitem())  # delete the dictionary itself
 # Output: (1, 1)  del squares
 print(squares)  print(squares)
 # Output: {2: 4, 3: 9, 5: 25}  # Throws Error#
Python Dictionary Methods
Creating dictionary
using .fromkeys
marks = {}.fromkeys(['Math','English','Science'], 0)
print(marks)
# Output: {'English': 0, 'Math': 0, 'Science': 0}
for item in marks.items():
print(item)

print(list(sorted(marks.keys())))
# Output: ['English', 'Math', 'Science']
Python Dictionary Comprehension

 Dictionary comprehension is an elegant and concise way


to create new dictionary from an iterable in Python.
 Dictionary comprehension consists of an expression pair
(key: value) followed by for statement inside curly
braces {}.
Python Dictionary
Comprehension
squares = {x: x*x for x in range(6)}
print(squares)
# Output: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}
The code is equivalent to :
squares = {}
for x in range(6):
squares[x] = x*x
Python Dictionary
Comprehension
odd_squares = {x: x*x for x in
range(11) if x%2 == 1}
print(odd_squares)

# Output: {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49,


9: 81}
Dictionary Membership Test

 We can test if a key is in a dictionary or not using the


keyword in. Notice that membership test is for keys
only, not for values.
Dictionary Membership Test

squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}


print(1 in squares)
# Output: True

print(2 not in squares)


# Output: True

# membership tests for key only not value


print(49 in squares)
# Output: False
Iterating Through a Dictionary

 Using a for loop we can iterate though each key in a


dictionary.
 Example :

squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}


for i in squares:
print(squares[i])
Built-in Functions with
Dictionary
Using built-in function

squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}


print(len(squares))
# Output: 5

print(sorted(squares))
# Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
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