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Communication 3, EEC 242, Chapter 1, Part B

This document provides information about a communications course presented by Dr. Kareem Ahmed Badawi. It outlines the grading breakdown of the course including assignments, exams, and class participation. It then lists the chapter topics that will be covered, which include transmission media like optical fiber cables, optical fiber communication systems, fiber classifications, losses in optical fiber systems, and semiconductor light sources and detectors. The document discusses the nature of light and how it travels, describes optical fiber cables, and lists some submarine cable systems. It also covers transmission impairments, unguided media like radio waves, microwaves and infrared, antenna types, propagation methods, and frequency bands.

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Bahaa Madeeh
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59 views

Communication 3, EEC 242, Chapter 1, Part B

This document provides information about a communications course presented by Dr. Kareem Ahmed Badawi. It outlines the grading breakdown of the course including assignments, exams, and class participation. It then lists the chapter topics that will be covered, which include transmission media like optical fiber cables, optical fiber communication systems, fiber classifications, losses in optical fiber systems, and semiconductor light sources and detectors. The document discusses the nature of light and how it travels, describes optical fiber cables, and lists some submarine cable systems. It also covers transmission impairments, unguided media like radio waves, microwaves and infrared, antenna types, propagation methods, and frequency bands.

Uploaded by

Bahaa Madeeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Higher technological institute

Electrical Engineering Department

Communications 3
EEC 242

Presented BY

Dr. Kareem Ahmed Badawi


Grading

Activity Grade
Attendance 10
Assignments 10
Mid Term Examination 20
Quiz (1) 5
Quiz (2) 5
Tutorial 10
Final Examination 40
Total 100

2/19
Contents

1 Chapter 1: Transmission Media

2 Chapter 2: OFC systems

3 Chapter 3: Optical Fiber classifications

4 Chapter 4: Losses in optical fiber systems

5 Chapter 5: Semiconductor light source/detectors

3/19
Chapter 1

Transmission media
Part (B)
Optical fiber communication system

Reasons for Light usage delay


1. Lack of a single frequency source.
2. Lack of an optical waveguid.

5/19
Nature of light
• Light travels in a straight line.
• If light goes from one substance to another then the ray of light changes direction.
• Ray of light changes direction when goes from more dense to a less dense substance.

• Angle of Incidence (I):


The angle the ray makes with the line perpendicular to the interface between
the two substances.

• Critical Angle:
The angle of incidence which provides an angle of refraction of 90-degrees.

6/19
Optical Fiber cables
Description
• A fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmit signals in the form of light.
• Uses reflection to guide light through a channel.
• Core is of glass or plastic surrounded by Cladding.
• Cladding is of less dense glass or plastic.

Application
• Telecommunications.
• Local Area Networks.
• Cable TV .

Advantages
• Greater capacity (Data rates at 100 Gbps).
• Lower attenuation.

Disadvantages
• Much more expensive.
• Installation and maintenance need expertise.

7/19
SEA-ME-WE Series (1 to 7)
• It is a family of submarine cables , while the term is short for South East
Asia–Middle East–Western Europe.

• Is an optical fiber submarine communications cable system that would


carry telecommunications between Southeast Asia, the Middle East,
and Western Europe.

• Each series if identified by the following:


• The cable length in Kilometer.
• The cable capacity in Mbps, Gbps and Tbps.
• The cable path, the countries it serves and the number of landing point.

8/19
Optical Fiber Performance

9/19
Transmission impairments
• Transmission impairments represents a difference between the
transmitted data and the received data.

• Signal impairments is caused by the imperfections in the transmission


process.

• Transmission impairment is caused by


1. Attenuation.
• Attenuation is the loss of the signal energy.

2. Distortion.
• Distortion is the deformation in the signal form or shape.

3. Noise.
• Noise is additional signal affects the message signal
• It has several types, like: thermal noise, induced noise, crosstalk. 10/19
Unguided media
• Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a
physical conductor.

• This type of communication is often referred to as wireless


communication.

• Types of unguided media


1. Radio waves.
2. Microwaves.
3. Infrared.

11/19
Unguided media

Radio waves Microwave Infrared

• Microwaves are ideal when large


areas need to be covered and there
• Omnidirectional Antenna are • Operates at frequencies
are no obstacles in the path. There
used with frequencies are two types of microwaves data between 300 GHz to 400 THz.
between 3 KHz and 1 GHz. communication system : terrestrial
and satellite. • Used for short range
• Used for multicasts (multiple communication.
way) communications, such as • Microwaves operates at frequencies
between 1 GHZ and 300 GHZ.
radio and television, and • Examples: Night Vision
paging system. • Microwaves are widely used for one Camera, Remote control, File
to one communication between sharing between two phones,
• Radio waves can penetrate sender and receiver. Communication between a PC
buildings easily, so that widely and peripheral device.
use for indoors & outdoors • Examples: cellular phone, satellite
networks and in wireless LANs(wifi),
communication. WiMAX, GPS

12/19
Antennas
• An Antenna is a structure that is generally a metallic object, i.e. a wire
or group of wires, used to convert high frequency current into
electromagnetic waves.

• Types of antennas
1. Transmission antennas
• Transmit radio frequency from transmitter.
• Radio frequency then Convert to electromagnetic energy by antenna.
• Then, radiate into surrounding environment.

2. Reception antennas
• Electromagnetic energy get in antenna.
• Then, Antenna convert radio frequency to electrical energy.
• Then, Goes to receiver same antenna can be used for both purposes.

13/19
Propagation methods

14/19
Frequency Bands

15/19
Thanks

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