Scribd
Upload
92 views

HTTP & TCP - Ip

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) allows communication between web clients and servers through requests and responses. A client like a browser will make an HTTP request, and the server will return an HTTP response. This request/response model is stateless, with each one independent. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the underlying protocol that HTTP uses to transmit data over the internet in a standardized way through addressing and routing of packets. It defines layers including the application, transport, internet, and physical layers.

Uploaded by

Bitupan Kalita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

HTTP & TCP - Ip

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) allows communication between web clients and servers through requests and responses. A client like a browser will make an HTTP request, and the server will return an HTTP response. This request/response model is stateless, with each one independent. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the underlying protocol that HTTP uses to transmit data over the internet in a standardized way through addressing and routing of packets. It defines layers including the application, transport, internet, and physical layers.

Uploaded by

Bitupan Kalita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

What is HTTP?

HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

WWW is about communication between web clients and servers

Communication between client computers and web servers is done by


sending HTTP Requests and receiving HTTP Responses

The World Wide Web is about communication between web clients and
web servers.

Clients are often browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari), but they can be any type of
program or device.

Servers are most often computers in the cloud.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for


transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. It was designed for
communication between web browsers and web servers, but it can also be used for
other purposes. HTTP follows a classical client-server model, with a client opening
a connection to make a request, then waiting until it receives a response. HTTP is
a stateless protocol, meaning that the server does not keep any data (state) between
two requests.

HTTP Request / Response


Communication between clients and servers is done by requests and responses:

1. A client (a browser) sends an HTTP request to the web


2. A web server receives the request
3. The server runs an application to process the request
4. The server returns an HTTP response (output) to the browser
5. The client (the browser) receives the response
The HTTP Request Circle

A typical HTTP request / response circle:

1. The browser requests an HTML page. The server returns an HTML file.
2. The browser requests a style sheet. The server returns a CSS file.
3. The browser requests an JPG image. The server returns a JPG file.
4. The browser requests JavaScript code. The server returns a JS file
5. The browser requests data. The server returns data (in XML or JSON).

What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of
communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.
TCP/IP is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network
(an intranet or extranet).

The entire IP suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as


TCP/IP. TCP and IP are the two main protocols, though others are included in the
suite. The TCP/IP protocol suite functions as an abstraction layer between internet
applications and the routing and switching fabric.

TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end
communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed,
transmitted, routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP requires little central
management and is designed to make networks reliable with the ability to recover
automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The two main protocols in the IP suite serve specific functions. TCP defines how
applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also
manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then
transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination
address.
Common TCP/IP protocols include the following:

 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) handles the communication between a


web server and a web browser.

 HTTP Secure handles secure communication between a web server and a


web browser.

 File Transfer Protocol handles transmission of files between computers.

The 4 layers of the TCP/IP model


TCP/IP functionality is divided into four layers, each of which includes specific
protocols:

1. The application layer provides applications with standardized data exchange.


Its protocols include HTTP, FTP, Post Office Protocol 3, Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol and Simple Network Management Protocol.

2. The transport layer is responsible for maintaining end-to-end


communications across the network. TCP handles communications between
hosts and provides flow control, multiplexing and reliability. The transport
protocols include TCP and User Datagram Protocol, which is sometimes used
instead of TCP for special purposes.

3. The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and
connects independent networks to transport the packets across network
boundaries. The network layer protocols are IP and Internet Control Message
Protocol, which is used for error reporting.

4. The physical layer, also known as the network interface layer or data link
layer, consists of protocols that operate only on a link -- the network
component that interconnects nodes or hosts in the network. The protocols in
this lowest layer include Ethernet for local area networks and Address
Resolution Protocol.

You might also like