PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

(Activity 1)

Name: Almuete, Ma. Rochelle Ann C.

Section: BsChE-3 Professor: Engr. Angelo Edward Jacinto

Problem Solving: (Chemical Equilibrium)

1. Calculate the value of Kb for CH3NH2 given that the ph of a 0.10 M solution is 11.8

CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O ⮀ CH3NH3+OH-

Equilibrium expression

[ 𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑵𝑯𝟑 ] [ 𝐎𝐇]

Kb=
𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑵𝑯𝟐

Solve for POH: Using ICE table

pH + pOH = 14 CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O ⮀ CH3NH3+OH-

I 0.10 0 0
pOH = 14- Ph
= 14-11.8 =2.2 C -X +X +X
[ OH] = 6.3x10-3
E 0.10-X X X

Substitution
[ 𝟔.𝟑𝑿𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ]
Kb =
[ 𝟎.𝟏𝟎−𝟔.𝟑𝑿𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ]

Answer
= 4.2X10-4
 2. The ph of 0.129 M solution of weak acid H3 is 2.34 What is the Ka for the weak acid?

HA+H2O⮀ H3O+(aq)+ A-(aq)

Given
pH = 2.34
M of HA = 0.129 M

Required

Ka for the weak acid

Solution Using ICE table

HA+H2O⮀ H3O+(aq)+ A-(aq) HA H 30+ A-
[ 𝐻 3 𝑂 +] [𝐴− ] I 0.129 M 0 0
Ka =
[ HA]

C -X +X +X
x= 10-ph =10-2.34
x= 0.00457
E 0.129-X X X
𝑥2 (0.00457)2
Ka= =
0.129−𝑥 0.129− 0.00457

Answer

Ka = 1.678X10-4
 3. The water–gas shift reaction is important in several chemical processes, such as the
production of H2 for fuel cells. This reaction can be written as follows:
H2(g)+CO2(g)⇌H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g)⇌H2O(g)+CO(g)
K = 0.106 at 700 K. If a mixture of gases that initially contains 0.0150 M H2 and 0.0150 M CO2 is
allowed to equilibrate at 700 K, what are the final concentrations of all substances present?
Given Required
K = 0.106 Final Concentrations

700 K.

0.0150 M H2

0.0150 M CO2 H2(g) + CO2(g) ⇌ H2O(g) + CO(g)

Solution [H2] [CO2] [H2O] [CO]

(𝒙)(𝒙) 𝒙𝟐
K = [[𝑯𝑯𝟐 𝐎]
[𝐂𝐎 ]
= =
𝟐 ] [𝑪𝑶 ]
𝟐 (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎−𝒙)(𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎−𝒙) (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎−𝒙)𝟐 initial 0.0150 0.0150 0 0

= 0.160
change −x −x +x +x
x =(0.326)(0.0150)−0.326x
(0.0150 (0.0150
1.326x=0.00489 final x x
− x) − x)
x = 0.00369=3.69×10−3

The final concentrations of all species in the reaction mixture are as follows:
 [H2]f=[H2]i+Δ[H2]=(0.0150−0.00369)M=0.0113M
 [CO2]f=[CO2]i+Δ[CO2]=(0.0150−0.00369)M=0.0113M
 [H2O]f=[H2O]i+Δ[H2O]=(0+0.00369)M=0.00369M
 [CO]f=[CO]i+Δ[CO]=(0+0.00369)M=0.00369M

[ 𝑯𝟐 𝐎] [𝐂𝐎 ] (𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟗)𝟐
K= = =
[𝑯𝟐 ] [𝑪𝑶𝟐 ] (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑)𝟐
Answer
= 0.107
 4. The dissociation of acetic acid, CH3COOH, has an equilibrium constant at25°C of
1.8 x 10-5. The reaction is
CH3COOH (aq) «CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)
If the equilibrium concentration of CH3COOH is 0.46 moles in 0.500 L ofwater
and that of CH3COO- is 8.1 x 10-3 moles in the same 0.500 L, calculate [H+] for
the reaction.

K = [CH3COO-] [H+]
[CH3COOH]

1.8 x 10-5 = [8.1 x 10-3 moles/0.500 L] [H+]

[0.46 moles/0.500 L]

Answer= [H+] = 1.0 x 10-3

M
5. Using tabulated ∆fG◦ values, find ∆G◦ at 298.15 K for the reaction
2 CO(aq) + O2(aq) ⮀ 2 CO2(aq)

Solution
From values for the molality description in Table A.8 of Appendix A,
∆G◦ = 2∆fG◦(CO2) + (−2)∆fG◦(CO) − ∆fG◦(O2)
= 2(−385.98 kJ mol-1) + (−2)(−119.90 kJ mol-1) + (−1)(16.4 kJ mol-1)
Answer =
−548.56 kJ mol-1

This value compares with −514.452 kJ mol-1 for the gas-phase reaction at the same
temperature.
 6. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species for the following reaction if the
initial concentrations of H2 and I2 are both 1.00 M.
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⮀ 2 HI (g) Kc = 50.5

Solution ICE table (M)

H2(g) + I2(g) ⮀ 2HI(g)
[HI]𝟐 (𝟐𝐱)𝟐 (𝟐𝐱)𝟐
Kc = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 = =
[H𝟐 ][I𝟐 ] (𝟏.𝟎𝟎−𝐱)(𝟏.𝟎𝟎−𝐱) (𝟏.𝟎𝟎−𝐱)𝟐 I 1.00 1.00 0

C -x -x +2x
Take square root both sides:
E 1.00 - x 1.00 - x 2x
2𝑥
7.106 =
1.00 − 𝑥
7.106 (1.00 - x) = 2x
 7.106 - 7.106x = 2x
 7.106 = 9.106x

7.106
𝑥 = = 0.708 𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟖𝟎 𝑴
9.106

[HI] = 2x = 2(0.780 M) = 1.56 M

[H2] = [I2] = 1.00 – x = 1.00 - 0.780 = 0.22 M
Equilibrium Concentrations:
Answer =
[HI] = 1.56 M
[H2] = [I2] = 0.22 M
7. For the reaction above, if Kp = 50.5 and the initial pressures are HI = 0.975 atm, H2 = 0.105
atm and I2 = 0.105 atm, what are the equilibrium pressures for all the substances?

(𝑃𝐻𝐼 )2 (0.975)2
𝑄 = 𝑄 = = 86.2
(P𝐻2)(P𝐼2 ) (0.105)(0.105)

Q > Kp so too many products are present & reaction shifts left to attain eq Rxn shifts ,
thus products decrease (- signs) and reactants increase (+ signs)
ICE table (atm)
2
(𝑃𝐻𝐼 )
𝑄 = H2(g) + I2(g) ⮀ 2HI(g)
(P𝐻2)(P𝐼2 )

(0.975 − 2x)2 I
𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 = 0.105 0.105 0.975
(0.105 + x)(0.105 + x)

(0.975 − 2x)2 C +x +x -2x

=
(0.105 + x)
E 0.105 + x 0.105 + x 0.975 –2x
Take square root both sides:
0.975 2x
7.106 =
0.105 x

 7.106 (0.105 + x) = 0.975 - 2x PHI =0.975 – 2x = 0.975 - 2(.0251) = 0.925 atm

 0.74613 + 7.106x = 0.975 - 2x PH2 = PI2 = 0.105 + x = 0.105 + 0.0251 = 0.130
 9.106x = 0.22887 atm
Equilibrium Pressures
0.22887
𝑥 = = 0.0251 Answer = PHI = 0.925 atm
9.106
𝐭𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟏 𝐌 PH2 = PI2 = 0.130 atm
 8. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations for the reaction below if the initial [N2] = 0.80 M
and the initial [O2] = .20 M

N2(g) + O2(g)  2 NO(g) Kc = 1.0 x10-5

[NO]𝟐 (𝟐𝐱)𝟐
Kc = 𝟏. 𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟓 ICE table (M)
[N𝟐 ][O𝟐 ] (𝟎.𝟖𝟎−𝐱)(𝟎.𝟖𝟎−𝐱)

N2(g) + O2(g) ⮀ 2
Assume x is small (its much smaller than 0.80 NO(g)
or 0.20) because Kc is small (less than 10-3)
I 0.8 0.2 0
0 0
−5 (2x)2 C -x -x +2
1.0𝑥10
(0.80 − x)(0.80 − x) x
E 0.80 - x 0.20 - x +2
x
(2𝑥 )2 = 1.0𝑥10 −5 (0.80)(0.20)

4𝑥 2 = 1.6𝑥10 −6

−6
1.6𝑥10 −4
𝑥 = √ = 6.3𝑥10
4

[N2] = 0.80 – 6.3 x10-4 =

0.80 M

[O2] = 0.20 M –6.3 x10-4 = 0.20 M

0.20 M
-3
[NO] = 2(6.3  6.3 x10-4 M) = 1.3 x10 M
1.3 x 10-3 M
9. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species if 3.000 moles of H2 and 6.000 moles
of F2 are placed in a 3.000 L container
H2(g) + F2(g) ⮀ 2HF(g), Kc = 1.15 x 102

3.000 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 6.000 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

[H2] = = 1.00 𝑀 [F2] = = 2.00 𝑀
3.00 𝐿 3.00 𝐿

ICE Table (M)

H2(g)+F2(g)⮀2HF(g)

I 1.000 2.000 0

C -x -x + 2x

E 1.000 - x 1.000 - x + 2x

[HF]𝟐 (𝟐𝐱)𝟐
Kc = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐
[H𝟐 ][F𝟐 ] (𝟏.𝟎𝟎−𝐱)(𝟐.𝟎𝟎−𝐱)

(𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )(1.000 − x)(2.000 − x) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐

(𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 ))(2.000 − 1.000 x − 2.000 − 𝑋2 ) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐

(𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐))(2.000 − 3.000 x + 𝑋2 ) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐

𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 − 𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐

(𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )𝒙𝟐 − (𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐)𝒙 + 𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐

= 𝟎
− 𝑏±√𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑎𝑥 2 + bx + c = 0 x=
2𝑎

− (−𝟑.𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )±√ (−𝟑.𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏.𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )(𝟐.𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐 )

x= x = 2.14 or 0.968
𝟐𝒙𝟏.𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎 −𝟐

[H2] = 1.000 – 0.968 = 3.2 -2 M [F2] = 2.000 – 0.968 = 1.032 M

x10

[HF] = 2(.968) =
1.936 M
10. At 1000 K, the equilibrium partial pressures for the reaction below are: CH4 = 0.20 atm,
H2S = 0.25 atm, CS2 = 0.52 atm, and H2 = 0.10 atm. What is Kp?

CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) ⮀ CS2(g) + 4H2(g)

4
(𝑃𝐶𝑆2 )(𝑃𝐻2 )
Kp = 2
(𝑃𝐶𝐻4 )(𝑃𝐻2𝑆 )

(0.52)(0.10)4
=
(0.20)(0.25)2

4.2X10-3