EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE

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Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

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ECONOMIC DOMINO: EXPLORING

UKRAINE-RUSSIA CRISIS REPERCUSSIONS
TO THE LIVELIHOOD OF JEEPNEY
DRIVERS REGARDING CONTINUED OIL
PRICE HIKE
 
 
 
 

A Research Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School

Emilio Aguinaldo College – Cavite

 
 
 
 
 
 
In Partial Fulfillments of the
Requirements for Senior High School 11

 
 
 
(leader)
Tacubanza, Stephanie

(members)

Arellano, Esther Joy

Barretto, Anjanette
Gallo, Analyn
Mutia, Jasmine Alexine
Percha, Jennifer M.
Santos, Matthew Joshua 
Soriano, Daniella
Vinoya, Isaiah Martin
 
 
 
 
May 2022

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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis hereto entitled:

ECONOMIC DOMINO: EXPLORING UKRAINE-RUSSIA CRISIS REPERCUSSIONS TO THE

LIVELIHOOD OF JEEPNEY DRIVERS REGARDING CONTINUED OIL PRICE HIKE

Prepared and submitted by STEPHANIE V TACUBANZA, ESTHER ARELLANO, ANJANETTE

BARRETTO, ANALYN GALLO, JASMINE MUTIA, JENNIFER PERCHA, MATTHEW SANTOS,
DANIELLA SORIANO and ISAIAH VINOYA and has been reviewed and recommended as partial
fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School Grade 11.

Accepted and approved by the Panel of Examiners following a successful Oral Defense on _____ of
October 2019 with a grade of ________.

MR. CESARIO C. SANCHEZ, JR

Research Teacher

MS. ISAIAH MAE ASILOM MS. JENNA LOU S. NAZARENO

Name of Panel Member Name of Panel Member

MR. CESARIO C. SANCHEZ, JR

Name of Panel Member

MR. ERNESTO U. GUILLERMO, JR., LPT, MST

Principal, Senior High School

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby certify that the thesis entitled:

Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney

drivers regarding continued Oil Price hike

is our work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of
any other degree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning except where due
acknowledgement made is made in the text.

We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work even though we may
have received assistance from others on style, presentation, and language expression.

STEPHANIE V. TACUBANZA ESTHER ARELLANO

Researcher Researcher

ANJANETTE BARRETTO JENNIFER PERCHA

Researcher Researcher

ANALYN GALLO JASMINE MUTIA

Researcher Researcher

MATTHEW JOSHUA SANTOS DANIELLA SORIANO

Researcher Researcher

ISAIAH VINOYA

Researcher

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Ms. Maricel Limpios, our adviser, for motivating us to
do this research, for telling us that it will be a good study. We offer our sincere appreciation for such
incredible support our adviser has shown to us. It means so much to our group, as beginners in the field
of research making, to receive support from our adviser. It wouldn’t be possible for our group to finish a
study as complex as this, or even start it without the subtle motivation expressed by Ms. Maricel Limpios.
Thank you for showing interest and support when we were in look for a subject matter. Thank you also for
the ideas and information you shared which amplified our interest in the study even more, it served as the
foundation of this research.

We would also like to pay special regards to our research teacher, Mr. Cesar Sanchez for guiding us
through the period of completing this study. Thank you for the knowledge and guidance you showed from
the very beginning. We highly appreciate all the efforts you extend on our end, such effort makes us able
to understand each lesson and produce a meaningful dissertation. Thanks to Ms. Denizelle Rasing as
well, our Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences teacher, for taking the time to validate our research
instruments.

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Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney

drivers regarding continued Oil Price hike

Stephanie Tacubanza, Esther Arellano, Anjanette Barretto, Analyn Gallo, Jasmine Mutia, Jennifer
Percha, Matthew Santos, Daniella Soriano, Isaiah Vinoya | Mr. Cesario Sanchez, Jr

(Proponents and Research Teachers)

Emilio Aguinaldo College – Cavite Senior High School

City of Dasmarinas, Cavite

ABSTRACT

Any international dispute may entail domestic economic instability. In the Philippines, jeepneys show
importance as a mode of transportation and an icon in Filipino cultures (Ranis et al., 2021), but behind this
fascinating culture are the drivers encountering transportation issues such as oil price hike which is also the
effect of the Ukraine-Russia crisis. Ranis et al. (2021) concluded that the incomes of jeepney drivers are not
enough due to increasing goods, and that because of the pandemic, jeepney drivers are having fewer
passengers causing them to look for another job to sustain their needs. Moreover, Favazza & Mahjoubi (2020)
said that regardless of COVID case people are suffering from the implications of the crisis within the crisis. With
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as our design, it requires a purposive sampling technique to choose
the participants. Thus, thematic analysis will be used since the researchers will interview the three selected
drivers who are from the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite.

Further exploration led the researchers to unravel the repercussions of the Ukraine-Russia crisis to the
livelihood of jeepney drivers. The Philippines has no control over oil pricing, for that reason Jeepney drivers are
expecting only financial support from the government and, if possible, a minimum fare hike. Transportation
sector in the country suffers from the on-going conflict between the oil exporter countries. As a result, continued
oil price hike in the country hurts the livelihood of jeepney drivers causing them to increase their hours of work,
minimize their expenses, and continue to be diligent, committed and strategic.

Keywords: Jeepney, Drivers, Oil price hike, livelihood, economy

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Background of the Study ……………………………………………………. 1

Statement of the Problem

Assumption/Hypothesis of the study

Scope and Delimitation

Significance of the Study

Definition of terms

Review of Related Literatures and Studies

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework (if applicable)

Synthesis

Methodology

Research Method and Design …………………………………………………………... 4

Sampling Technique

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Analysis

Results and Discussions

Results of Data Discussion

Conclusions

Recommendations

References…………………………………………………………………………….10

Appendices

Appendix A: Written Letters

Informed Consent Forms

Appendix B: Research Instruments

Instrument Validation

Criteria of Participants

Poster for Crowdsourcing (if applicable)

Standardized Test (if applicable)

Appendix C: Raw Data

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Transcription of Data

Observation and Notetaking

Symbolism

Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae

INTRODUCTION

Any international dispute may entail domestic economic instability. In the Philippine, jeepneys show
importance as a mode of transportation and an icon in Filipino cultures (Ranis et al., 2021), but behind
this fascinating culture are the drivers encountering transportation issues such as oil price hike. Oil has an
important role in economic growth, but due to location, not all countries are oil sufficient which requires
them to buy from the world market—exposing themselves to oil price volatility (Gulliman, 2015). As an oil
importer country, the Philippines has no control on oil prices. On February 24, 2022, the largest country in
the world, very known for being the top oil producer and exporter, has taken a step forward to demilitarize
Ukraine. Prior to this, the Department of Energy Oil Industry Management Bureau director, Rino Abad,
has explained in a report on February 17 that the country will be hit indirectly as the Philippines does not
buy oil directly from Russia. Subsequently, Secretary Ramon Lopez of Department of Trade and Industry
said on February 23 that the country’s trade with Ukraine and Russia is least likely to be disrupted despite
the on-going conflict between the two. However, as reported in Philippine News Agency, a considerable
amount of change in the oil price is seen two weeks after the tension in Ukraine and Russia worsened
with numerous advisories from Philippine oil companies, [1]announcing they will increase gasoline prices
by PHP3.60 per liter and PHP5.85 per liter on diesel. This is far from an increase of PHP2.40 per liter on
diesel and PHP1.85 per liter on gasoline products in the first week of 2022.[2]

Due to the continuing oil price hike, the Federation of Jeepney Operators and Drivers Associations of the
Philippines’ has urged the government to approve their petition to increase the minimum fare. It is truly
hard to survive in this time of pandemic, even oil exporter countries have been struggling to mitigate the
oil crisis. No matter how high or low the COVID-19 cases are, people are suffering from the implications
of the crisis within the crisis (Favazza & Mahjoubi, 2020). As the price hike continues, it is inevitable that it
will have a domino effect on the economy. As stated by the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines,
drivers are earning ₱300 to ₱400 a day after a 10-hour work. This clearly is not sufficient to provide for
the family needs. In a report published in 2018, Bebelyn Miranday, in a family of four, shares her total
household income which is approximately five thousand pesos. She doesn’t have a regular income. She
works as a cleaner for different houses near the slum area which she lives in. In connection to the
expenses of a family whose income comes from a Jeepney driver, we assume that their lives are
extremely changed due to the consecutive oil price hike in the Philippines. Recognizing the factors that
contribute to this situation, we aim to explore the repercussions of unwavering price hike to the livelihood
of the jeepney drivers as well as the actions taken by jeepney drivers in response to the problem and how
oil subsidies help jeepney drivers and their families.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

General Questions:
1.What are the lived-experiences of the drivers when it comes to a crisis?
2.How do they balance their lives as providers for their family considering their low income?
3.How does the government or the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) help
in terms of their livelihood?

Specific Questions:
1.1 What are the challenges do the drivers have as the crisis in Ukraine-Russia continues to affect oil
prices?
1.2 How do the drivers feel about the low income even from a day long work?
2.1 How do the drivers manage their low income to provide for their families?
2.2 What coping strategies do they employ to alleviate the hardship they and their families have?
3.1 What are the programs of the government they are benefitting from?

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3.2 What do they think about the programs of the government for the Jeepney drivers?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Beneficiaries of the study include:

- The Drivers - The objective of this research is to provide them with information on how the
Ukraine-Russia situation would affect the cost of products and oil. As a result, it will project what
is conceivable in situations that they may encounter in the future. This research may also assist
them in dealing with the unexpected changes in our economy; as a result, it will benefit them by
allowing them to anticipate the advent of worsened situations that will disproportionately affect
them as they are part of the transportation sector.
- The Students- This research will provide empirical data to them which will be used as a source of
information composing literature in the context of the subject of the study. It will serve as a guide
into realizing how Infrastructure is not the only thing that is affected by war not to mention the
economics. It provides assistance in the future if or when it becomes available in the future; it
may be used as a reference when a similar crisis occurs.
- Families – This research will help the basic unit of society to know what adjustment they will do to
survive the effects of the Ukraine-Russia crisis. It provides basic information on how the
international conflict will continue to arise, thus they will be informed of how they would budget
their expenses.
- Commuters- Our research is of great help to commuters especially in today’s era. With the rise of
fuel today they are also one of those affected. When the oil price goes up, the fare charged to
them may or may not increase. So, with the help of our research, we can provide them with
methods, solutions, and measures to help them cope even if the price of fuel and oil rises.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Operational words used in the study are defined below:

● Crisis- defined as an occurrence that does not do any good in any way. In this instance the
Ukraine-Russia conflict is affecting not just the Philippines but the whole world too with the
increasing price of oil.
● Domestic- domestic pertains to originality from one’s own country. Domestic Economy for
example refers to the economy of a certain country like the Philippines’
● Exporter- refers to producers or countries that are selling their products such as oil for other
countries beneficial use. For example, Russia is one of the biggest exporters of oil, more than any
other country.
● Importer- refers to consumers or countries buying products such as oil and using the product for
the country's own good. A good example for importers is the Philippines.
● Oil Subsidy- refers to lowering the prices of Oil for consumers like Public Utility Vehicles, Private
vehicles and Kerosene users while producers get their benefits of their own.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

● The jeepney drivers are extremely affected by consecutive oil price hikes.
● The jeepney drivers are going through difficult times budgeting their expenses because of low
income.
● The jeepney drivers are not earning enough for their basic needs.
● The jeepney drivers are hoping for the government’s response.
● The jeepney drivers are seeking a fare hike as oil price hike continues.
● The participants are willing to cooperate accordingly.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

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This chapter focuses on the range and allowed people/beneficiaries of our study such as "Exploring
Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to livelihood of Jeepney drivers regarding continued Oil Price hike" It
is thoroughly conducted during the school year 2021-2022 in Emilio Aguinaldo College. This study
addresses the problem regarding the common issue about the continuous oil price hiking. Thus, the
researchers tried to uncover the area to improve the drivers’ livelihood. Furthermore, this study is for all
the drivers from the City of Dasmariñas whose age is ranging from 28 to 60 and has a license. However,
no license drivers are not included even if they are of the selected age. The data gathering that we will
use for our research will be held by an interview. This will gain the effectiveness and necessarily of this
data.

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE/STUDIES

Jeepney Drivers’ petition for Fare Hike

The Federation of Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association of the Philippines (FEJODAP) is asking for
a ₱5 increase in fares amid the consecutive oil price hike. This call for the government resulted to
scheduled hearings regarding the petition to increase the minimum fare. “We are happy to be of service to
fellow Filipinos, but we are also asking the government to stop watching us suffer and do something
about it immediately,” Ricardo Rebano said in an interview on DZBB. It is evident that what they earn is
not enough to provide for the family needs. This suggests that the repercussion of the oil price hike is
directly being experienced by those in the transport sector. Moreover, this data implies that the earnings
of a jeepney driver have been tremendously affected by a sudden change in the prices of gasoline and
diesels which made them hopeful for an immediate action by local or national authorities. As this literature
relates to the topic, it will give us empirical data which will serve as a tool in exploring what repercussions
do Ukraine-Russia crisis have, regarding oil price hike, to the livelihood of jeepney drivers.

Daily Living is a Struggle

In a report published in 2018, six Filipino families shared their expenses or total income as well as their
way of living. One of them is Bebelyn Miranday who says she earns around ₱5,500 through cleaning
houses and washing clothes. She also provides for three of her six children who are in Manila and the
other three are taken care of by her husband in Siargao. Suffice to say, she provides for a family of four.
Other family (who shared their expenses as well) earns ₱13,000 or even higher. The jobs of the providers
are namely airconditioner technician, security guard, graphic designer, and store owner, but the case is
still similar—their income is still not enough. Some of them mentioned that their income is more likely to
be spent on food and education of their children, some of them even said that they are struggling for their
children’s college education expenses. This reflects the situation of a Filipino family and their regular
expenses, and how they budget it. As the price of oil increases, Jeepney drivers are more likely to
struggle on how they would get extra income since their salary is critically low. It is not only food and
education that a family provider has to work for. Electricity, house rent, and water are also included in their
expenses.

The Impact of the Oil Crisis on the Oil MENA Region

This study shows the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reduction of oil price and demand in the
MENA region and what is the possible solution to this problem. In this study, it mentions that “The
countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are among the most exposed ones to fallout
from a possible global recession due to the economic repercussions of the current COVID-19 pandemic
and the recent collapse in the oil prices. Heavily relying on oil revenues, the MENA region oil producers
will face long-term challenges from a financial, political, social and security perspective” which suggests
that the crisis are yet to be solved in oil exporter countries. During the webinar, it was discussed that the
fell on oil demand is also caused by lockdown on mobility. As the Philippines continues to mitigate the oil
crisis, It is also finding the balance of funds and taxes. As stated in the study, the challenge is not just in
the sphere of economy, but financial and security as well. Further, the government of the Philippines
initially promised a subsidy which aims to aid their low salary as public utility drivers.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the livelihood of Jeepney drivers

This study refers to the effects of the pandemic on the lives, especially on the livelihood of Jeepney
drivers, which reached the situation that they have lost their livelihood, sunk into debt and their families
began to live in the jeep: just to reduce their daily expenses. Also, this study shows the strategies or ways

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how to solve this problem and what temporary livelihoods could be provided by the government to lift the
drivers out of poverty in the midst of the pandemic. This research paper/study will aid researchers in
identifying tactics that can be useful in finding potential solutions to this type of challenge. Aside from that,
researchers will have a thorough understanding of the action process, where you can get more
knowledge or information about this type of problem.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Tragedy of the Commons by Garrett Hardin

In terms of economics, the tragedy of the commons is an economic theory that states that individuals will
seek to exploit shared resources to the point where demand much outweighs supply, and the resource
will become inaccessible to all. The theory's veracity is a source of disagreement among economists, and
some believe its application is severely constrained.

This theory could serve as the foundation for the researcher's investigation, as the study's main focus will
be on the repercussions on livelihood. It highlights that the demand for oil outweighs the supply, and as a
result, public transportation drivers may seek an increase in the minimum fare in response to the increase
in oil prices. However, the researchers hope to use this idea to provide an answer to the drivers regarding
the oil price increase. Through this, the researchers will be guided.

Moral Hazard Theory by Ken Arrow

This theory is likely the risk that a party did not enter into a contract in good faith or gave false information
regarding its assets, liabilities, or credit capacity is known as moral hazard. Moral hazard can also refer to
a party's motive to take exceptional risks in a desperate attempt to make a profit before the contract
expires. Additionally, the chance of a moral hazard grows if a participant in an agreement does not have
to bear the potential repercussions of a risk.

Moral Hazard is a theory that can also support our research topic as the main reasons of oil price hike
was probably because of the contract of one party that did not end in good faith maybe not in economic
terms, but the other reasons that caused repercussions of a risk; mainly in jeepney driver’s livelihood.
Through this theory, the researchers will also be guided.

SYNTHESIS OF INTRODUCTION

This research aims to figure out the possible effects of the quarrel between Ukraine and Russia on
Jeepney drivers in the Philippines and also on their respective families. It does not only focus on figuring
out effects and solutions, but it also intends to educate students, families, and jeepney drivers about how
the war will affect them, not just their lifestyle but how it will affect the Philippines’ economy. This research
might benefit them in more ways than one, as it provides not just information but a whole new viewpoint
because of what and where the adjustment will happen. As the research goes on, the researchers will
have to know at least the experiences of jeepney drivers as the crisis still continues, using interpretative
phenomenological analysis design and qualitative methods.

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHOD AND DESIGN

This research uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as design of the study under
qualitative method. The aim of it is to explore in detail how participants are making sense of their personal
and social world, and the main currency for an IPA study is the meanings, particular experiences, events,
and states hold for participants (Smith and Osborn, 2007)

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers will interview the selected drivers that are from the City of Dasmariñas, whose age is
ranging from 28 to 60, and has a driver’s license. Upon consent, the interview questions will be given to
the participants immediately and all the gathered information will remain confidential. Questions that are
inclined in the common issue about the continuous oil price hike will be observed during the interview.
The validity of the questions that will be used in conducting interviews is confirmed and verified by a
professional. The participants will be asked for permission through an Informed Consent Form for them to
be aware of the study's intention, process, and benefits. The interview includes video and audio
recordings for authentication of the gathered data. Further, the process of observation will take part in
examining the surroundings and behavior of the respondents.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The research participants are selected jeepney drivers aged 28-60 who have driver’s licenses and
residing in the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite. The participants are selected where the researchers have
access to. The researchers use the purposive sampling technique, which, according to Cresswell and
Plano Clark (2011), refers to the selection of individuals or groups of individuals who have knowledge or
experience of the phenomenon of interest. Additionally, Bernard (2002) and Spradley (1979) agree on
knowledge and experience that it is important having and being willing to participate and express their
experiences and opinions on what happened, in an articulate, expressive, and reflective way.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers of this study regard accessibility and distinctive experience as significant part of data
gathering procedure, thus the selected participants are identified to be personally connected to one of the
researchers. The researchers use the non-probability sampling: purposive sampling technique in
participant selection which confirms the unique characteristic of each selected participants. In addition,
participants are made sure to pass the standardized test and interview questions are validated by
professionals. Furthermore, to present the objectives of the study to the participants and to permit the
researchers gather data, Informed Consent Form (ICF) is given to them. In obtaining empirical data, the
researchers conducted a physical interview which is consensus. Lastly, all gathered information will be
kept confidential and will be used for the research purpose only.

DATA ANALYSIS

Thematic analysis is the method which will be used by researchers to collect data in order to address the
study. The terminology "thematic analysis" is usually applied to a collection of texts, such as an interview
or transcripts. The researcher meticulously examines the data in order to find repeating themes,
concepts, and patterns of significance (Caufield, 2019). This method will be used by researchers to collect
data in order to address our topic.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Presentation of Data.

RESPONSIBILITY IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Ahh, ano, ano ba ito, uhh,

unang-una ho uhmm nabawasan
ang ano
WAGE-EARNER namin ang kita na dating 800 Pg.1, Lines 11-13
ngayon ho 400 na lang, dahil ho
sa pagtaas ng gasolina”.

“Unang-una ho masakit sa
katawan saka hindi ho sapat
yung mga kita namin. Kaya Ho Pg.1, Lines 21-22
EXHAUSTED masakit ang katawan naming sa
ano pamamasada”

WISE IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Unang-una ho magtipid, uhh

iwasan na nating yung ano bisyo
CRITICAL na ano, tulad ng inom at mga Pg.1, Lines 26-27
ayan para maka-survive”

“Unang-una uhmm kailangang

STRATEGIC magtipid at magligpit ng sinturon Pg.2, Lines 31-32
para uhmm maka-survive.”

DEDICATED IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Ayuda ng ano, ayuda ng

gobyerno para sa aming mga
driver, malaking bagay para
CHALLENGE sa amin iyon. Unang-una sa ano Pg.2, Lines 36-41
naming, mga bayarin sa mga
ilaw, tubig, gastusin kaya ayun
malaking bagay po samin.”

“Ahh unang-una yung mga

ayuda, uhh gusto naming iyon ng
mga jeepney driver Ang hindi
lang naming gusto yung mga
jeep na..na pini-phase out na,
DISAPPROVAL ano ang magiging hanap buhay Pg.2, Lines 47-50
naming. Kaya yun ho ang inaano
naming sa
gobyerno wag na ituloy ang
phase out.”

Table for Participant 1: Rey

The summary table shown above was the interview of participant 1; Rey. For this table, three themes are
used namely Responsibility, Wise, and Dedicated. For the first theme, Responsibility describes the
participant’s patent response to the current oil crisis. Under this are two sub-themes which are
Wage-earner and Exhausted. The sub-themes of Responsibility reflect Rey’s experience as a jeepney
driver living in a period where oil crisis is immense in the country.

The second theme is Wise. This theme perfectly reflects the first participant as it gives emphasis on being
a jeepney driver and at the same time the provider for his family. From here, Rey expresses how he
balances his low income and payment for family expenses. There are two sub-themes under this theme,

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Critical and Strategic. The last theme for the first participant is Dedicated. This is where Rey expresses
his concern as a citizen, and how he is coping up with the help of the government. Further, he also
expresses his disagreement with some government policies which he thinks do not help the community
he is living in as a jeepney driver. Under this, there are two sub-themes, Challenge and Disapproval.

Symbolism
FIGURE 1. Symbolism for Participant No. 1 (R****** A*******) Moving River and Sky

“Ahh, ano, ano ba ito, uhh, unang-una ho uhmm nabawasan ang ano naming ang kita na dating 800
ngayon ho 400 na lang, dahil ho sa pagtaas ng gasoline. Unang-una ho masakit sa katawan saka hindi
ho sapat mga kita namin. Kaya ho masakit katawan namin sa ano pamamasada. Unang-una uhmm
kailangang magtipid at magligpit ng sinturon para ahmm maka-survive”

Mr. Rey, participant number one, represents this as a moving river because no matter how difficult life is,
he still goes with the flow. In other words, he is hard working or he does not give up earning a living. Even
though he has almost no income or money to take to his family, he still doesn't give up on driving his jeep
and a sky because it represents his family, where this is his motivation not to surrender working or driving
his jeep. Even though his income is barely enough, he is tired, and his body hurts, he continues to drive
the jeep to make sure he can take money to his family and provide for his family's needs.

DIFFICULTIES IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Unang una kailangan natin

magsipag, sapagkat habang
SACRIFICING tumaas ang langis humihina ang Pg.1, Lines 9-13
kita naming dahil sa imbes na
mapupunta sa bulsa naming,
napupunta sa gasolinahan. ‘Yun
ang hirap ang dinadanas naming
ngayon kasi patuloy ang pagtaas
hindi naman tumata ay kami ang
nagsasaripisyo at kami ang
nagpapasan ng mga suliranin ng
diesel.”

“Syempre malungkot, kasi imbes

na masaya dahil malaki ang

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SUFFERING iuuwi nagiging kakaunti dahil sa Pg.1, Lines 17-19

yun nga presyo ng langis, tapos
na imbes na 3 to 8 hours lang
aming trabaho nagiging 16 hours
kasi kailangan mo magdagdag
dahil marami kang kailangan sa
bahay”

CONTENTED IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“kailangan nating magtipid,

unang-una kailangan magtipid sa
kuryente kaya tipid ang--mga
bagay-bagay sa bahay, at
ECONOMIZE kaunting sakripisyo yun talaga Pg.1, Lines 23-24
dapat yan”

“Kagaya ng ayuda, malaking

bagay yun, malaking tulong
samin yun. Problema hindi
nakakarating minsan e naiipit
THANKFUL hindi namin alam kung saan, Pg.1, Lines 34-37
ngayon kung may ayuda e
malaking tulong dahil alteast
nakakabayad sa ilaw, tubig, at
yung pangagailangan naamin sa
araw-araw. Ayun ang kinikita
namin sa pagbiyahe namin.”

PRODUCTIVE IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Iyon nga, kagaya ng sinabi ko

kanina kailangan natin ng
hardworking, kailangan ng
trabahong maayos at iwasan ang
HARDWORKING mga gastusin na hindi naman Pg.2, Lines 29-31
dapat…kasi dpat yan iwasan na
lang muna. “

“Unang-una po maganda dapat

ang ano, hindi yung gaya ng
phase out kasi hindi naman
kayang tustusan ng gobyerno
yung ating mga modernization.
Unang-una may sarili kang
CRITICAL-THINKER sasakyan magkakaroon ka ng Pg.1, Lines 41-44
utang, hindi po maganda yun,
yung ang hindi magandang
programa ng gobyerno. Iyang
modernization.

Table for Participant 2: Renato

The summary table shown above is the interview of participant 2, Renato. For this table, three themes are
used which are Difficulties, Contented, and Productive. The first theme is Difficulties, it refers to the
trials experienced by the participant due to the high price of oil. And under this theme are Sacrifice and
Suffering. The second theme is Contented, which refers to the participant's contentment with his
receives from the government such as "Ayuda" despite the temptation to increase oil prices. And under

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this theme are Economize and Thankful. The third or last theme, "Productive," refers to the strategies
or methods that the participant employs to overcome the trials they experience with rising oil prices. And
under this theme are Hardworking and Critical thinker.

Symbolism
FIGURE 2. Symbolism for Participant No. 1 (R***** A*******) Ant

“Unang una kailangan natin magsipag, sapagkat habang tumataas ang langis humihina ang kita naming
dahil sa imbes na mapupunta sa bulsa namin, napupunta sa gasolinahan. ‘Yun ang hirap ang dinadanas
naming ngayon kasi patuloy ang pagtaas hindi naman tumata [inaudible] ay kami ang nagsasakripisyo at
kami ang nagpapasan ng mga suliranin ng diesel. Iyon nga, kagaya ng sinabi ko kanina kailangan natin
ng hardworking, kailangan ng trabahong maayos at iwasan ang mga gastusin na hindi naman
dapat…kasi dpat yan iwasan na lang muna.”

The participant is represented as an ant because they all travel as long as they can to have food for
themselves. They prioritize their necessities over pleasure and they are unconcerned about difficulty they
have determining the demand of their distinct groups. Like the ants, the participants as jeepney drivers
are helping each other to support their needs as well. The ants are like jeepney drivers as they travel as
long as they can just to obtain their needs for themselves or their families. Like ants, they don’t mind
tiredness that much to stop working, the participants (jepeney drivers) still persist to work.

WORN-OUT IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Ay kasi, dati-rati ang byahe

naming nasa 10 hours lang,
DISSATISFIED ngayon inaabot na kami ng 16 Pg.1, Lines 13-15
hours dahil sa taas ng bilihin sa
langis, kaya-at saka sa
pangangailangan naming
kailangan matustusan ang aking
pamilya kaya inaabot kami ng
ganong oras.”

“Ay napapagod po dahil sa hirap

ng bilihin, sa taas ng bilihin lalo’t
tumataas ang langis di tulad ng
dati ay maganda ang byahe

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naming, kumikita kami! Ngayon

halos pagod kaya’t kulang na
kulang na talaga sa aming Pg.1, Lines 19-23
DRAINED pangangailangan kaya’t
kailangan naming, ahh dagdagan
pa ng oras sa aming biyahe kaya
ang hirap ng aming..”

EXPLOIT IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Ay ‘yun nga po,

kailangang-kailangan pong
dagdagan naming ang oras
namin ng oras sap agba-byahe,
kung dati na 10 hours, ngayon 16
WEARIED hours para lang matustusan Pg.1, Lines 27-30
naming ang pangangailangan ng
aming pamilya, at talagang hirap,
hindi pwedeng talagang hindi di
ka martr-kaya kailangang
talagang tiyagain, di tulad
dati..hirap.”

“Ayon nga po,

kailangang-kailangang pong
um-extra sa gabi at pagkatapos
magbiyahe minsan na-extra ako
sa tricycle parang lang
madagdagan ang
OVERWORKED pangangailangan ng aming kita Pg.2, Lines 34-38
po para po magtustos sa
pangangailangan ng pamilya ko
kasi kailangan talaga dumiskarte,
iyon lang po ang tanging paraan
para matustusan ang
pangangailangan naming.”

GRATEFUL IN-VIVO STATEMENT SOURCES

“Yun nga po malaking bagay po

na kami ay nabibigyan ng ayuda
na galing sa gobyerno, kasi
imbes na kung kita naming
kukunin, e yung ayuda na
BENEFICIAL binibigay ng gobyerno at Pg.2, Lines 42-45
napapakinabangan naming kaya
hindi na kami gaano nahihirapan,
e malaking bagay po maitutulong
ng ayuda.”

“Yun nga po malaking bagay na

nabibigyan kami ng ayuda, na
imbes na panggastos naming
pambili ng langis, yung ayuda
ginagamit naming kaya yung
PLEASED aming kinkita ay ginagamit Pg.2, Lines 49-53
naming sa aming
pangangailangan, kaya malaking
bagay po ang naitutulong ng
ayuda sa amin. Para sa amin
dahil kundi do’n, wala kaming
panggastos sa pambili ng langis.”

Table for Participant 3: Zaldy

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The summary table shown above is the interview of participant 3, Zaldy. For this table, the three themes
are Worn-out, Exploit, and Grateful. The first theme, "Worn-out," refers to the participant's sacrifices to
survive in difficulties with the rising oil price. And this theme includes the Dissatisfied and Drained. The
second theme, namely, Exploit, refers to the strategy or method employed by the participant to overcome
any ordeal he and his family are experiencing with the rise in oil prices. This theme includes the Wearied
and Overworked. And the last or third theme, namely, Grateful, refers to the blessings the participant
receives from the government, which has greatly helped him and his family to somehow overcome any
trial they face with the rise in oil prices. And under this theme are Beneficial and Pleased.

Symbolism
FIGURE 3. Symbolism for Participant No.3 (Z**** N****) Flower

"Yun nga po malaking bagay po na kami ay nabibigyan ng ayuda na galing sa gobyerno, kasi imbes na
kung kita naming kukunin, e yung ayuda na binibigay ng gobyerno at napapakinabangan namin kaya
hindi na kami gaano nahihirapan, e malaking bagay po maitutulong ng ayuda"

This group chose a person who suffered from hardships as a jeepney driver because of the impact of oil
price hike due to another country’s crisis. As a not fully grown flower, we cannot help ourselves without
the help of others. Just like the “ayuda” from the government, it is the same as a flower that needs to be
watered to be able to grow fully. Like a flower, we too have the ability to rise from the mud, bloom out of
the darkness and radiate into the world. Just like the flower, after surviving the dark past as itself, they will
bloom and will remain strong not only for them but for the people who surround them.

Discussion and Summary of Findings

THEMES PARTICIPANT 1 PARTICIPANT 2 PARTICIPANT 3

Pg.1, Lines 11-13 Pg.1, Lines 9-13 Pg.1, Lines 13-15

COMMITMENT Pg.1, Lines 21-22 Pg.1, Lines 17-19 Pg.1, Lines 19-23

Pg.1, Lines 26-27 Pg.1, Lines 23-24 Pg.1, Lines 27-30

STRATEGIC Pg.2, Lines 31-32 Pg.1, Lines 34-37 Pg.2, Lines 34-38

Pg.2, Lines 36-41 Pg.2, Lines 29-31 Pg.2, Lines 42-45

DILIGENCE Pg.2, Lines 47-50 Pg.2, Lines 41-44 Pg.2, Lines 49-53

Table No. 4 Superordinate Theme

This table shows the three superordinate themes which answers the three general questions. These
superordinate themes are Commitment, Strategic, and Diligence. As per the first general question:
What are the lived-experiences of the drivers when it comes to a crisis? The answers of the participants

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center on Commitment. Doing something you dislike or are forced to do is hard, and it makes your
experience even worse. According to Bielby (1992) a husband who is strongly committed to work is
recognized as concurrently fulfilling his "provider" role within the family. As a provider, the presence of
commitment must be there, having commitment keeps you motivated at all times. According to a study of
commitment, a strong personal dedication to a decision to carry out a line of action is personal
commitment (Johnson, 1973, p. 395 a cited in Bielby, 1992).

The second general question was given a superordinate theme called Strategic. From the question ‘how
do they balance their lives as providers for their family considering their low income?’ The sense of being
strategic began to be the main focus of the participants' answers. A strategic decision can be described
as one which is “important, in terms of the actions taken, the resources committed, or the precedents set
(Mintzberg, Raisinghani, and Théorêt, 1976, p. 246 as cited in Elbanna et al., 2020). Following this
statement, it gives us the rationality of participant’s answer as to what are the coping strategies do they
employ to alleviate the hardship they and their families have.

Lastly, Diligence is assigned as the superordinate theme to the third general question: How does the
government or the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) help in terms of their
livelihood? “Perceived high support would lead employees to increase diligence in carrying out standard
job responsibilities and to enhance participation in extrarole citizenship behavior, both of which often
produce more favorable treatment from the organization,” (Blau, 1964 as cited in Eisenberger et al.,
1990). This concludes that support has a crucial role in increasing diligence of a worker, thus jeepney
drivers are doubling the time of their work with the support of their family to achieve perceived diligence
necessary for their work as jeepney drivers and as the man of the family.

CONCLUSION

Considering all the findings presented in this study, the researchers are able to determine and identify the
conclusions that answered the general research questions.

1. When jeepney drivers are faced with an oil price hike caused by the oil crisis, they preserve
COMMITMENT and stay committed to their duty as the wage-earner in their family regardless of
what it takes.
2. Jeepney drivers are forced to be practical, and very critical in making decisions that concern him
and his family’s livelihood, often being STRATEGIC when budgeting family expenses.
3. Government programs are helpful but are not enough which prods jeepney drivers to work harder
for their DILIGENCE to be rewarded.

RECOMMENDATION

This research is highly recommended for Jeepney Drivers to prepare them for a sudden oil price hike in
case there will be another oil crisis in the future.

This research is highly recommended for Commuters to consider the real experience of repercussions to
the livelihood of jeepney drivers with regards to maximum fare.

This research is highly recommended for Families to prepare them for adjustment in budget in terms of
transportation expenses.

This research is highly recommended for Officials to know the exact situation and condition on the
ground, and how their policy takes shape in the livelihood of Jeepney drivers.

This research is highly recommended for Future Researchers to guide them into understanding this
research study that tackles the lived experiences of Jeepney drivers.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Written Letters

Participant No. 1: Rey Arellano.

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 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

May 4, 2021

To Participant:

Good day!

We, the selected students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6-MABUTI, are currently working on our research study
as part of our partial requirements for the subject Practical Research 1. This study entitled “Economic
Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney drivers regarding
continues Oil Price hike”, that aims to explore the repercussions of Ukraine-Russia crisis to the livelihood
of Jeepney drivers who are assumed to be primarily affected by the conflict, as well as to figure out the
possible effects of the crisis on their respective families. The purpose of this study intends to educate
students, families, and jeepney drivers about how the war will affect them, not just their lifestyle but how it
will affect the Philippine economy.

We are requesting your participation in the study, which will involve some of your time and effort to
answer our questions honestly as possible. We think this will take 25-30 minutes of your time. Your
participation in this study is voluntary.

If you choose not to participate or to withdraw from the study at any time, there will be no penalty. It is
reasonable to expect from benefits from this research. However, we cannot guarantee that you will
personally experience benefits from participating in this study, but others may benefit in the future from
the information we find in this study.

If at anytime you discontinue the interview, your results will be discarded. The results of the research
study may be published, but your name will not be known and used. We promise that all the information
that we will get from you will keep confidential for your safety and privacy.

If you have any questions concerning the research study, you can email [email protected]
or call number 09510669387

Your involvement with this research is highly appreciated and valued. Thank you and God bless!

INFORMED CONSENT
(for the Participant)
I, Rey Arellano (name – optional) grant to participate in the study by answering the questions to be asked
in the interview and hereby assured that any information obtained that can be identified and use against
me will remain confidential. Thus, I agree to answer the questions with all honesty, integrity, clearly, and
credibility as possible.

I have understood the nature of this study and wish to participate.

I do not want to participate in this study.

____________________________________
Signature of Participant

Participant No. 2: Renato Arellano

May 4, 2021

To Participant:

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Good day!

We, the selected students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6-MABUTI, are currently working on our research study
as part of our partial requirements for the subject Practical Research 1. This study entitled “Economic
Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney drivers regarding
continues Oil Price hike”, that aims to explore the repercussions of Ukraine-Russia crisis to the livelihood
of Jeepney drivers who are assumed to be primarily affected by the conflict, as well as to figure out the
possible effects of the crisis on their respective families. The purpose of this study intends to educate
students, families, and jeepney drivers about how the war will affect them, not just their lifestyle but how it
will affect the Philippine economy.

We are requesting your participation in the study, which will involve some of your time and effort to
answer our questions honestly as possible. We think this will take 25-30 minutes of your time. Your
participation in this study is voluntary.

If you choose not to participate or to withdraw from the study at any time, there will be no penalty. It is
reasonable to expect from benefits from this research. However, we cannot guarantee that you will
personally experience benefits from participating in this study, but others may benefit in the future from
the information we find in this study.

If at anytime you discontinue the interview, your results will be discarded. The results of the research
study may be published, but your name will not be known and used. We promise that all the information
that we will get from you will keep confidential for your safety and privacy.

If you have any questions concerning the research study, you can email [email protected]
or call number 09510669387

Your involvement with this research is highly appreciated and valued. Thank you and God bless!

INFORMED CONSENT
(for the Participant)
I, Renato Arellano (name – optional) grant to participate in the study by answering the questions to be
asked in the interview and hereby assured that any information obtained that can be identified and use
against me will remain confidential. Thus, I agree to answer the questions with all honesty, integrity,
clearly, and credibility as possible.

I have understood the nature of this study and wish to participate.

I do not want to participate in this study.

________________________________________
Signature of Participant

Participant No. 3: Zaldy Naval

May 4, 2021

To Participant:

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Good day!

We, the selected students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6-MABUTI, are currently working on our research study
as part of our partial requirements for the subject Practical Research 1. This study entitled “Economic
Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney drivers regarding
continues Oil Price hike”, that aims to explore the repercussions of Ukraine-Russia crisis to the livelihood
of Jeepney drivers who are assumed to be primarily affected by the conflict, as well as to figure out the
possible effects of the crisis on their respective families. The purpose of this study intends to educate
students, families, and jeepney drivers about how the war will affect them, not just their lifestyle but how it
will affect the Philippine economy.

We are requesting your participation in the study, which will involve some of your time and effort to
answer our questions honestly as possible. We think this will take 25-30 minutes of your time. Your
participation in this study is voluntary.

If you choose not to participate or to withdraw from the study at any time, there will be no penalty. It is
reasonable to expect from benefits from this research. However, we cannot guarantee that you will
personally experience benefits from participating in this study, but others may benefit in the future from
the information we find in this study.

If at anytime you discontinue the interview, your results will be discarded. The results of the research
study may be published, but your name will not be known and used. We promise that all the information
that we will get from you will keep confidential for your safety and privacy.

If you have any questions concerning the research study, you can email [email protected]
or call number 09510669387

Your involvement with this research is highly appreciated and valued. Thank you and God bless!

INFORMED CONSENT
(for the Participant)
I, Zaldy Naval (name – optional) grant to participate in the study by answering the questions to be asked
in the interview and hereby assured that any information obtained that can be identified and use against
me will remain confidential. Thus, I agree to answer the questions with all honesty, integrity, clearly, and
credibility as possible.

I have understood the nature of this study and wish to participate.

I do not want to participate in this study.

________________________________________
Signature of Participant

APPENDIX B: Research Instruments

INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

RESEARCH TITLE: “Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood
of Jeepney drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike”

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCHERS NAME: Esther Arellano, Anjanette Barretto, Analyn Gallo, Jasmine Mutia, Jennifer
Percha, Matthew Santos, Daniella Soriano, Stephanie Tacubanza, Isaiah Vinoya | G11-HUMSS
6-MABUTI

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

GENERAL QUESTIONS SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

(Interview Questions)
1. What are the lived-experiences of the drivers 1.1 What are the challenges do the drivers
when it comes to a crisis? have as the crisis as Ukraine-Russia
continuous to affect oil prices?
1.2 How do the drivers feel about the low
income even from a day long work?

2. How do they balance their lives as provider for 2.1 How do the drivers manage their low
their family considering their low income? income to provide for their families?
2.2 What are the coping strategies do they
employ to alleviate the hardship they and
their families have?

3. How does the government or the Land 3.1 What are the programs of the
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board government they are benefitting into? 
(LTFRB) help in terms of their livelihood?
3.2 What do they think about the programs
of the government for the Jeepney
drivers? 

Validated by:

MR. CESARIO C. SANCHEZ, JR             MS. DENIZELLE ANN RASING

Research Adviser Social Science Teacher

LIST OF CRITERIA FOR SELECTING PARTICIPANTS

RESEARCH TITLE: Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood
of Jeepney drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike

RESEARCHERS NAME: Esther Arellano, Anjanette Barretto, Analyn Gallo, Jasmine Mutia, Jennifer
Percha, Matthew Santos, Daniella Soriano Stephanie Tacubanza, Isaiah Vinoya | G11-HUMSS 6-MABUTI

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Stated below are the criteria for selecting the participants of this research.

1. The participant must be a resident of Dasmarinas City, Cavite.

2. The participant must present a valid identification card (ID) and driver’s license which proof that
he/she is a licensed jeepney driver

3. The participant must present a birth certificate which proof that his/her age is appropriate to the
requirements of the study to be able to participate.

4. The participant must be the income provider for their family.

5. The participant must be working when the Ukraine-Russia conflict arose.

Validated by:

MR. CESARIO C. SANCHEZ, JR

Research Adviser

POSTER FOR CROWDSOURCING

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STANDARDIZED TEST

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

To Participant: April 27, 2022

Good Day!
We, the 4th group students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6 – MABUTI, are currently working on our conducted
research as part of creative requirements for the subject which is Practical Research. This study entitled,
“Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine- Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney
drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike”, :that aims to investigate in depth how participants make
sense of their personal and social environments.

Name: Rey Arellano FB Account: N/A

Age: 49 Contact No.: N/A

Instructions: Listed below are statements about some concerns of Jeepney drivers. For each one, please
indicate whether you (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Not Sure, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree
with it, please check your answer.

Statements 1 2 3 4 5

1. Jeepney drivers are the ones who are most affected by

increased oil costs.
✓
2. It would be fair if the transportation fare was also
increased.
✓
3. Finding a passenger is difficult for me.
✓
4. Low income is my biggest problem as one of jeepney
drivers.
✓
5. I’m thankful when a passenger's fare increased as their
help due to the increase in oil prices.
✓
6. Just landing the jeep provides enough income for the
family.
✓
7. The fuel subsidy is sufficient to support our demands as
jeepney drivers.
✓
8. Tax cuts for jeepney drivers are such way to counteract
today's increase in oil prices.
✓
9. Because this fuel shortage is just temporary, there is no
need to raise the fare.
✓
10. Oil price increases are always followed by price
increases in practically all other commodities
✓

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STANDARDIZED TEST

To Participant: April 27, 2022

Good Day!
We, the 4th group students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6 – MABUTI, are currently working on our conducted
research as part of creative requirements for the subject which is Practical Research. This study entitled,
“Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine- Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney
drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike”, :that aims to investigate in depth how participants make
sense of their personal and social environments.

Name: Renato Arellano FB Account: Renato Arellano

Age: 53 Contact No.: 09305526929

Instructions: Listed below are statements about some concerns of Jeepney drivers. For each one, please
indicate whether you (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Not Sure, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree
with it, please check your answer.

Statements 1 2 3 4 5

1. Jeepney drivers are the ones who are most affected by

increased oil costs.
✓
2. It would be fair if the transportation fare was also
increased.
✓
3. Finding a passenger is difficult for me.
✓
4. Low income is my biggest problem as one of jeepney
drivers.
✓
5. I’m thankful when a passenger's fare increased as their
help due to the increase in oil prices.
✓
6. Just landing the jeep provides enough income for the
family.
✓
7. The fuel subsidy is sufficient to support our demands as
jeepney drivers.
✓
8. Tax cuts for jeepney drivers are such way to counteract
today's increase in oil prices.
✓
9. Because this fuel shortage is just temporary, there is no
need to raise the fare.
✓
10. Oil price increases are always followed by price
increases in practically all other commodities
✓

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STANDARDIZED TEST

To Participant: April 27, 2022

Good Day!
We, the 4th group students from Grade 11 HUMSS 6 – MABUTI, are currently working on our conducted
research as part of creative requirements for the subject which is Practical Research. This study entitled,
“Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine- Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of Jeepney
drivers regarding continued Oil Price hike”, :that aims to investigate in depth how participants make
sense of their personal and social environments.

Name: Zaldy Naval FB Account: Zaldy Elma Naval

Age: 57 Contact No.: N/A

Instructions: Listed below are statements about some concerns of Jeepney drivers. For each one, please
indicate whether you (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Not Sure, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree
with it, please check your answer.

Statements 1 2 3 4 5

1. Jeepney drivers are the ones who are most affected by

increased oil costs.
✓
2. It would be fair if the transportation fare was also
increased.
✓
3. Finding a passenger is difficult for me.
✓
4. Low income is my biggest problem as one of jeepney
drivers.
✓
5. I’m thankful when a passenger's fare increased as their
help due to the increase in oil prices.
✓
6. Just landing the jeep provides enough income for the
family.
✓
7. The fuel subsidy is sufficient to support our demands as
jeepney drivers.
✓
8. Tax cuts for jeepney drivers are such way to counteract
today's increase in oil prices.
✓
9. Because this fuel shortage is just temporary, there is no
need to raise the fare.
✓
10. Oil price increases are always followed by price
increases in practically all other commodities
✓

APPENDIX C: RAW DATA

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Participant’s No. 1

Interviewer: Esther Joy Arellano

Observer/s: Jennifer M. Percha
Note Taker/s: Jennifer M. Percha
Interviewee (Codename): Rey
Settings: 27 April 2022/ 1:00 P.M / House
Type of Interview: Face-to-Face Interview
 

1. Magandang hapon po, andito po tayo uhh *pauses*, unang-una po sa lahat

2. maraming salamat po sa pagpayag na sa research naming Economic Domino: 
3. Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussion to the Livelihood of Jeepney
4. drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike. At, ayun nga po, maraming salamat
5. po at ngayon po andito po tayo para interview-in yung mga jeepney drivers sa
6. mga hinaing nila tungkol sa pagtaas ng gasolina o langis *cough* Unang-una
7. tanong po, what are the challenges do the drivers have as the crisis at Ukraine
8. Russia continues to effect oil price hike? Ano po ang mga hamon ng mga
9. tsuper habang ang crisis sa Ukraine-Russia ay patuloy na nakakaapekto sa
10. mga presyo ng langis?
11. Ahh, *thinking* ano, ano bai to, uhh, unang-una ho uhmm nabawasan ang ano
12. naming ang kita *smiles* na dating 800 ngayon ho 400 na lang, dahil ho sa pagtaas
13. ng gasolina. 
14. Ahhh
15. Kaya yun ho
16. Pangalawa po, how do the drivers feel about the low income even from a lay
17. day long work? Ano pong pakiramdam mo tungkol sa mahabang araw na
18. trabaho kahit na muna sa isang araw na trabaho, ano po yung nararamdaman
19. mo pag-uwi mo po sa iyong bahay na ang haba ng trabaho, ano po yung
20. pakiramdam mo?
21. Unang-una ho masakit sa katawan saka hindi ho sapat yung mga kita namin. Kaya
22. ho *nods* masakit ang katawan naming sa ano pamamasada.
23. Ayan, okay po! How do the drivers manage their low income to provide for
24. their families? Paano pinangangasiwaan, paano mo po pinangangasiwaan ang
25. mababang kita para po matustusan ang iyong pamilya?
26. Unang-una ho magtipid, uhh *thingking* iwasan na nating yung ano bisyo na ano,
27. tulad ng inom at mga ayaw *unaudible* para maka-survive *smiles*
28. What are the coping strategies do they employ to alleviate the hardship they
29. and their families have? Ano pong mga diskarteng ginagawa mo na
30. kinakaharap mo para po maharap niyo po yung paghihirap po ng iyong
31. pamilya?
32. Unang-una uhmm kailangang magtipid at magligpit ng sinturon para uhmm
33. *thingking* maka-survive.
34. Sunod po uhh what are the programs of the government they benefit into? Ano
35. po yung mga programa ng pamahalahan….pamahalaan na inyo pong
36. pinakikinabangan?
37. Ayuda ng ano, ayuda ng gobyerno para sa aming mga driver, malaking bagay para
38. sa amin iyon.
39. Bakit po? Ano pong……dahilan kung bakit po malaking bagay po iyon,
40. malaking tulong.
41. Unang-una sa ano naming, mga bayarin sa mga ilaw, tubig, gastusin kaya ayun
42. malaking bagay po samin,
43. Nakakabawas po iyon?
44. Nakakabawas *agrees*
45. Ahhhh *realizes*, sunod po what do they think about programs of the
46. government for the jeepney drivers? Ano po yung sa tingin ninyo na mga
47. programa ng gobyerno na nagugustohan niyo po ng mga jeepney drivers?
48. Ahh unang-una yung mga ayuda, uhh gusto naming iyon ng mga jeepney driver
49. *changes tone* Ang hindi lang naming gusto yung mga jeep na..na pini-phase out
50. na, ano ang magiging hanap buhay naming. Kaya yun ho ang inaano naming sa
51. gobyerno wag na ituloy ang phase out.
52. At doon po nagtatapos ang aming interview tungkol sa aming may title na
53. Economic Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussion to the
54. livelihood of Jeepney drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike. At iyon po
55. maraming-maraming salamat po sa pagpayag po ngayong araw uhh ninyo po.

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Participant’s No. 2

Interviewer: Esther Joy Arellano

Observer/s: Isaiah Martin Vinoya

Note Taker/s: Isaiah Martin Vinoya

Interviewee (Codename): R***** A*******

Settings: 27 April 2022/ 1:00 P.M / House

Type of Interview: Face-to-Face Interview

1. Magandang hapon po sa iyo, maraming salamat po sa pag-unlak po sa amin research
2. title na economic domino exploring ukraine-russia crisis repercussion to the 
3. livelihood of jeepney drivers regarding continues oil price hike ah ngayong pong 
4. araw po kukunin ponatin yung kanilang hinaing ng mga jeepney drivers tungkol sa 
5. patuloy na pagtaas ng gasoline oh..Ano—unang-una po what are the challenges do 
6. the drivers have as the crisis at Ukraine-Russia continues to affect oil prices? Ano 
7. pong mga hamon ng mga tsuper habang ang crisis sa Ukraine-Russia ay patuloy na 
8. nakakapapekto sa mga presyo ng langis ano po yung mga hamon po sa inyo?
9. Unang una kailangan natin magsipag, sapagkat habang tumataas ang langis humihina 
10. ang kita naming dahil sa imbes na mapupunta sa bulsa namin, napupunta sa 
11. gasolinahan. ‘Yun ang hirap ang dinadanas naming ngayon kasi patuloy ang pagtaas 
12. hindi naman tumata [inaudible] ay kami ang nagsasakripisyo at kami ang nagpapasan 
13. ng mga suliranin ng diesel
14. Pangalawang tanong, how do the drivers feel about the low day work even from a day 
15. long work? Ano po ang pakiramdam niyo tungkol sa mahabang araw ng trabaho na 
16. sa pag-uwi niyo po galling sa mahabang trabaho ano po yung pakiramdam?
17. Syempre malungkot, kasi imbes na masaya dahil malaki ang iuuwi nagiging kakaunti 
18. dahil sa yun nga presyo ng langis, tapos na imbes na 3 to 8 hours lang aming trabaho 
19. nagiging 16 hours kasi kailangan mo magdagdag dahil marami kang kailangan sa bahay
20. Ayan sige po, uhh how do the drivers manage their low income to provide for their 
21. families? Paano niyo po pinangangsiwaan  ang mababang kita para po matustusan 
22. ang iyo pong pamilya?
23. kailangan nating magtipid, unang-una kailangan magtipid sa kuryente kaya tipid ang--
24. mga bagay-bagay sa bahay, at kaunting sakripisyo yun talaga dapat yan
25. uhhm what are the coping strategies do they employ to alleviate the hardship theyand 
26. their families have? Ano po yung mga diskarteng ginagawa mo po na ngayong nga 
27. po mahirap—ngayon nahihirapan po kayo, paano niyo po ginagawa iyon? Gayundin 
28. pong may pamilya pa po kayo?
29. Iyon nga, kagaya ng sinabi ko kanina kailangan natin ng hardworking, kailangan ng 
30. trabahong maayos at iwasan ang mga gastusin na hindi naman dapat…kasi dpat yan 
31. iwasan na lang muna
32. What are the programs of the government they are benefitting into? Ano po yung mga 
33. programa ng pamahalaan na pinakikibangan niyo po?
34. Kagaya ng ayuda, malaking bagay yun, malaking tulong samin yun. Problema hindi 
35. nakakarating minsan e naiipit hindi namin alam kung saan, ngayon kung may ayuda e 
36. malaking tulong dahil alteast nakakabayad  sa ilaw, tubig, at yung pangagailangan 
37. naamin sa araw-araw. Ayun ang kinikita namin sa pagbiyahe namin.
38. Huling tanong po, What do they think about the programs of the government for the 
39. jeepney drivers? Ano po yung sa tingin ninyo na programa ng gobyerno na maganda 
40. po para sa mga jeepney drivers? At ano po yung hindi niyo gusto?
41. Unang-una po maganda dapat ang ano, hindi yung gaya ng phase out kasi hindi naman 
42. kayang tustusan ng gobyerno yung ating mga modernization. Unang-una may sarili kang 
43. sasakyan magkakaroon ka ng utang, hindi po maganda yun, yung ang hindi magandang 
44. programa ng gobyerno. Iyang modernization.
45. Pero po yung ayuda pong sinasabi niyo, maganda po iyon?
46. Maganda po iyon, nakakatulong.
47. Bakit po ito nakakatulong?
48. Syempre po iyong pangangailangan namin nasusuportahan.
49. Ohh, at iyon lang po, maraming salamat po sa pag-unlak po sa amin ngayong araw, at 
50. maraming-maraming salamat po.

Participant’s No. 3

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Interviewer: Esther Joy Arellano

Observer/s: Daniella Soriano
Note Taker/s: Daniella Soriano
Interviewee (Codename): Zaldy
Settings: 5 May 2022/ 11:25 P.M / House
Type of Interview: Face-to-Face Interview
 

1. Magandang araw po, andito po tayo para i-interview ang isang jeepney driver
2. tungkol *pauses* sa kanilang hinaing tungkol sa aming research na Economic
3. Domino: Exploring Ukraine-Russia Crisis repercussions to the livelihood of
4. Jeepney drivers regarding continues Oil Price hike. Ngayon po andito po ang
5. isang Jeepney driver para interview-in natin tungo sa mga hinaing nila sa
6. *pauses* pagtaas ng presyo ng langis. Iyon po maraming salamat po sa
7. pagpapaunlak ng amin ngayong araw, umpisahan napo natin ang interview.
8. Una pong tanong, what are the challenges do the drivers have as the crisis at
9. Ukraine-Russia continues to affect oil prices? Ano pong mga hamon ng mga
10. tsuper habang ang crisis sa Ukraine-Russia ay patuloy na nakakaapekto sa
11. mga presyo ng langis, ano po yung mga hamon po sa inyo since tumataas po
12. yung presyo ng langis, ano po yung mga hamon?
13. Ay kasi, dati-rati ang byahe naming nasa 10 hours lang, ngayon inaabot kami ng 16
14. hourse dahil sa taas ng *pauses* bilihin ng langis, kaya-at saka sa pangangailangan
15. naming kailangan matustusan ang aking pamilya kaya inaabot kami ng ganong oras.
16. Pangalawang tanong po, How do the drivers feel aboit low income even from a
17. day long work? Ano pong pakiramdam ninyo tungkol sa mahabang araw na
18. trabaho kahit n amula sa isang araw na trabaho?
19. Ay napapagod po dahil sa hirap ng bilihin, sa taas ng bilihin lalo’t tumaas ang
20. langisdi tulad ng dati ay maganda ang byahe naming, kumikita kami! Ngayon halos
21. pagod kaya’t kulang na kulang talaga sa aming pangangailangan kaya’t kailangan
22. naming *thinking* ahh dagdagan pa ng oras sa aming biyahe kaya ang hirap ng
23. aming *inaudible*….
24. Pangatlong tanong, how do the drivers manage their low income to provide for
25. their families? Paano mo pinangangasiwaan ang iyong mababang kita para
26. matustusan mo ang iyong pamilya?
27. Ay ‘yun nga po, kailangang-kailangang pong dagdagan naming ng oras sa
28. pagbbibiyahe, kung dating 10 hours, ngayon 16 hours para lng matustusan naming
29. ang pangangailangan ng aming pamilya, at talagang hirap, hindi pwedeng talagang
30. hindi di ka magtr-kaya kailangan talagang tiyagain, di tulad ng dati kaya..hirap.
31. What are the coping strategies do they employ to alleviate the hardship they
32. and their families have? Ano po yung mga diskarte sa pagharap na ginagamit
33. mo sa paghihirap na mayroon kayo ng iyong buong pamilya?
34. Ayon nga po, kailangang-kailangang pong um-extra..sa gabi at pagkatapos
35. magbiyahe minsan na-extra ako sa tricycle para lang madagdagan ang
36. pangangailangan ng aming kita po para magtustos sa pangangailangan ng pamilya
37. ko kasi kailangan talaga dumiskarte, iyon lang po ang tanging paraan para
38. matustusan ang pangangailangan namin.
39. Sunod na tanong, what are the programs of the government they are benefiting
40. into? Ano po yung mga programa ng pamahalaan na iyo pong
41. pinakikinabangan?
42. ‘Yun nga po malaking bagay po na kami ay nabibigyan ng ayuda na galing sa
43. gobyerno, kasi imbes na kung kita naming kukunin, e yung ayuda na binibigay ng 
44. gobyerno ay napapakinabangan naming kaya hindi na kmi gaano nahihirapan, e
45. malaking bagay po maitutulong ng ayuda.
46. What do they think about the programs of the government for the Jeepeny
47. drivers? Ano po ang tingin ninyo sa programa ng gobyerno para sa mga
48. jeepney drivers?
49. Yun nga po malaking bagay po na nabibigyan kami ng ayuda, na imbes na
50. panggastos naming pambiling langis, yung ayuda ang ginagamit naming kaya yung
51. aming kinikita kinikita ay nagagamit naming sa aming pangangailangan, kaya
52. malaking bagay po ang naitutulong ng ayuda sa amin. Para sa amin dahil kundi do’n,
53. wala kaming panggastos sa pambili ng langis.
54. Yun maraming salamat po sa pag-unlak po sa amin ngayon at sa aming
55. research maraming salamat po sa inyo. Salamat po!

PARTICIPANT’S OBSERVATION & NOTE-TAKING

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Participant No. 1

Observation:
1. The participants listened attentively
2. After mentioning the questions, the participant answers them immediately and calmly
3. The participant focused on the interview, especially on the questions asked of him
4. The participant looked interested in the research questions.
5. He agreed without hesitation to be part of the research interview
6. He explains his answer well, that's why it is easy to understand. 

Note Taking:
● The researcher interviewed the participant, Mr. Rey Arellano, on April 27, via face-to-face
interview. Before anything started, the researcher thanked the participant for accepting the
researcher's offer to be part of the research. During the interview, the participant stated that due
to an increase in oil prices induced by the Ukraine-Russia conflict, their income has dropped from
800 pesos to 200 pesos. He also said that they became more frugal in their spending when there
was an oil price hike, this is because of their small income. He also mentioned that government
assistance is one of the good programs called "Ayuda" that helps them pay for their other
expenses like electricity and water. He also mentioned that he does not like a government
program where they want to remove their jeepney, which will cause them big trouble because
they will lose their livelihood.

Participant No. 2

Observation:
1. The participant listens to the questions that were given to him.
2. The participant responds to the questions with short but precise answers.
3. The participant makes his answers easy to understand.

Note Taking:
● To start off the interview, the interviewer asks a question regarding the challenges that the drivers
are facing, to which the driver responds with "Dapat magsipag", and how the oil prices are
affecting their income every day. Oil > Income (ang pera imbis na sa bulsa ay sa gasolina ang
punta). The next question is about how the drivers are feeling after a long day of working as
jeepney drivers, and the answer of the participant is "Malungkot," which shows how affected they
are by this crisis that is happening between Russia and Ukraine. He also added that they could
not be happy because of their low income since the price of gasoline is high. The drivers manage
the low income by saving, not buying unnecessary things, and also sacrificing for their family. The
coping strategies or things that the drivers are doing in this pandemic are working well and
orderly. Avoid buying things that are not that important for the house. The participant also
mentioned Ayuda, which is a big help towards their family as it assists in paying for necessities
like water, electricity, food, etc.

Participant No. 3

Observation:
1. The participant listened carefully. 
2.  The participant agreed to this Interview without any hesitations.
3.  He answered our questions carefully and smoothly. 
4.  He explains his answers carefully so we can fully understand. 
5.  He didn't hesitate answering the questions properly. 

Note Taking:
● The researcher interviewed Mr. Naval, Zaldy. Mr. Naval Willingly agreed to be part of our
research. Based on the information Mr. Naval said that the Ukraine-Russia crisi affect his job. a
jeepney driver. The profit that mr. Naval is not enough for his family's basic needs in their daily
lives according to him, he drives 10 hrs a day before this crisis. but the profit that he earn is not
enough to support his family so he needs to work 16 hrs a day. but, it's still not enough for their
needs so he also works as a tricycle drivers. The program that the government that he advantage
is the "Ayudas" this program is a big help for their daily lives. Mr. Naval got interviewed by Ms.
Arellano Via Face to face.

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

APPENDIX D: CURRICULUM VITAE

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Gov. D. Mangubat Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (046) 416-4339/41 www.eac.edu.ph

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

QF-PQM-035 (03.05.2022) Rev.05