Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Surveying 2
Leveling is the operation of measuring vertical a. What is the value of HI in the 2nd setup? Problems for Practice:
distance, either directly or indirectly, to determine b. Find the elevation of TP5. 1. From the given profile leveling notes,
the difference in elevation. c. Determine the elevation of BM2. compute the elevation of BM2.
STA BS HI FS IFS ELEV
Methods of Leveling: Problem 2:
BM1 0.93 328.70
•Direct or Spirit Leveling, by measuring A line of levels 6 km long is run from BM1 to BM2
1 2.20
vertical distances directly. Direct leveling is the with a computed elevation of 165.8m. The average
2 3.00
most precise method of determining elevations BS and FS distances are 100m and 150m
and is the one commonly used. respectively. It was found out however that the line TP1 2.87 3.41
•Indirect or Trigonometric Leveling, by of sight of the instrument is inclined upward by 3 1.70
measuring vertical angles and horizontal or 0.003m in a distance of 10m. 4 1.20
slope distances. a. Compute the error in every setup. 5 2.80
b. Determine the total error. TP2 3.12 1.28
Types of Leveling: c. Find the correct elevation of BM2. 6 1.60
•Differential Leveling - is the operation of 7 2.00
determining differences in elevation of points Problem 3: 8 3.60
some distance apart or of establishing bench To adjust a dumpy level by peg method of TP3 0.85 2.35
marks. Usually, differential leveling is adjustment, two points A and B were set up. With TP4 1.35 3.50
accomplished by direct leveling. Precise leveling the instrument at Point A, the rod reading at A was 9 0.90
is the precise form of differential leveling. 1.623m and the foresight at B was 2.875m. The level BM2 1.24
•Profile Leveling - is the operation (usually by is transferred at B and the backsight at B was Answer: 326.04
direct leveling) of determining elevations of 1.622m while the rod reading at A was 0.362m.
points at short measured intervals along a a. Find the true elevation between A and B. 2. To adjust a dumpy level by peg method of
definitely located line, such as the center line for b. What is the error in the line of sight? adjustment, two points A and B were set up. With
a highway or a sewer. c. Determine the correct reading at A that will the instrument at Point A, the rod reading at A was
give the level line of sight with the 1.623m and the foresight at B was 2.875m. The level
Problem 1: instrument still at point B. is transferred at B and the backsight at B was
From the given data of differential leveling shown, 1.622m while the rod reading at A was 0.362m.
Problem 4: a. What is the error in the line of sight?
STA BS HI FS ELEV Differential leveling is run from BM1 to BM2 at a b. Determine the correct reading at A that will give
BM1 1.256 98.5 distance of 6km. It was observed that the leveling the level line of sight with the instrument still at
TP1 1.116 1.886 rod was inclined 4 degrees from the vertical every point B.
TP2 1.228 1.527 time the backsight is taken. The average BS reading Answers: e = 0.068 m; TRA = 1.615 m
TP3 1.189 2.246 is 2.4m and the average length per setup is 300m.
TP4 1.070 2.017 Determine the correct elevation of BM2 if the
TP5 1.831 2.656 recorded elevation was 68.3m.
TP6 1.489 2.723
BM2 2.548
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