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/ 23
USO0S9747964,
United States Patent 11»
Ishikawa et al.
[54] HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT SYSTEM FOR
HYDRAULIC WORKING MACHINE
[75] Inventors: Kot
[73] Assignee
[21] Appl. No.: 08/987,709
(22) Filec: Dee. 9, 1997
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data
Dec. 10,1996 UP] dapan 220876
{st} Ine cl’ Feb 31/02
[2] US.c. 61399, 0/445, 60/452
[58] Fleld of Search 607399, 45, 452
156] References Chted
US, PATENT DOCUMENTS
245587 12/988 Walle sovasa
Zori2ie 71107 Mller cosss2
A20S8 31988 Holmes oa
Ex38955 11989 Jonson eal
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
214 633 3/1987 European Pat. Of
uy) Patent Number: 5,974,796
[45] Date of Patent: Nov. 2, 1999
482256 6/1991 Furopean Pat OF
23080 S987 Sqan
Th93. upon
Toe apon
1092 Ud Kington covas
221967 21906 United Kngtom
Primary Examiner. Daniel Lopez
Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Beall Law Offices
(57) ABSTRACT
A regulator (20) comprises a servo piston 21 and a tilting
‘control valve (22) which is made up of a spool 22a), 3
spring 2b), a control piston (22d) and a first pressure
bearing chamber (22e), With these components, the regula-
tor (20) controls « pump tilting such that a pump delivery
rae is reduced as delivery pump pressuee rises. The tilting
control valve (22) also includes a second pressure bearing
chamber (22/). When a gate-lock lever (31) is operated to
switch over a lock valve (30), a flow control valve (6) is
disabled from operating not to move even if a conteol lever
(11a) is erroneously touched, and the machine is surely kept
from coming into operation. At the same time, pilot primary
pressure from a pilot pump (3) is introdueed to the second
pressure bearing chamber (22)) of the tilting control valve
(22), causing the pump tilting to reduce down to a minimum
{illing (q,,,). Inthe inoperative condition where the operator
thas no inlention of carrying out work, itis thus possible to
‘minimize the tilting of the hydraulic pump and reduce an
energy loss.
7 Claims, 14 Drawing Sheets
i
2
“LARGER
SMALLER!
\, USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 1 of 14 5,974,796
LARGER
|>SMALLER! USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 2 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.2
PUMP TILTING
Qmax
Qmin|-----
PUMP PRESSURE
Po USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 3 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.3
“ SMALLER! USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 4 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.4
SIGNAL
PRESSURE
CENTER BYPASS FLOW RATE USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 5 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.5
PUMP TILTING
Qmax
STAND-BY , | __
TILTING 9S
Qmin
P; SIGNAL
PRESSURE USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 6 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.6
PUMP TILTING
Qmax
STAND-BY , |
TILTING ‘
Qs
CENTER BYPASS FLOW RATE USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 7 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.7
LARGER | USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 8 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.8
SIGNAL
PRESSURE
CENTER BYPASS FLOW RATE
FIG.9
PUMP TILTING
max
STAND-BY
TILTING = %S
Qmin
Ps SIGNAL PRESSURE USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 9 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.10
sh 5,974,796
Sheet 10 of 14
Nov. 2, 1999
US. Patent
ATWNDIS O1L0373
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bLSld USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 11 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.12
TARGET OUTPUT
PRESSURE OF
PROPORTIONAL
SOLENOID VALVE
~~ LEVER SHIFT AMOUNT
FIG.13
TARGET PUMP
TILTING
Qmax
STAND-BY
TILTING — °s
nial
LEVER SHIFT AMOUNT US. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 12 of 14
FIG.14
PUMP:
TILTING
max
STAND-BY ,
TILTING ali
Grin
te
COMMAND PRESSURE USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 13 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.15
eu USS. Patent Nov. 2, 1999 Sheet 14 of 14 5,974,796
FIG.16 5,974,796,
1
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT SYSTEM FOR
HYDRAULIC WORKING MACHINE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invent
‘The present invention relates toa hydraulic ciruit system
for hydraulic working machines such as. hydraulic
excavators, and more particularly to a hydraulic circuit
system for hydraulic working machines provided with a
safety contol device, e, «lock valve, which is operated
upon a gate-lock lever manipulated by an operator when the
‘operator has no intention of carying out work, for cuting,
‘off pilot primary pressure from a control lever ua
2. Description of the Related Art
A hydraulic circuit system for hydraulic working
machines such as hydraulic excavators generally comprises
4 variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by a prime
mover (engine), and flow control valves for supplying. and
returning a hydraulic fluid from the hydraulie pump t© and
from actuators. When any of control levers of control lever
units is operated, a command signal in the form of pilot
pressure, for example, is applied to the associated flow
‘control valve, whereupon the flow control valve is driven to
shift in postion to operate the actuator.
Also the hydraulic circuit system cludes 2 regulator as
tilting contol means for conteolling a tilting ofthe hydraulic
pump and hence controlling a delivery flow rate of the
pump. There are various types of regulators. One example of|
regulators which has an input torque limiting function is
designed (0 receive the delivery pressure of the hydraulic
pump, and when the pump delivery pressure becomes high,
to make smaller a pump tilting to reduce a delivery flow rate
so tat the pump absorbing torque will not exceed the output
torque ofthe prime mover driving the bydaulie pump. This
surely prevents the prime mover from stalling even when the
pump delivery pressure isso high. The prior art related to the
regulator having an input torque limiting function is dis-
closed in, eg, JB, ¥, 62-26630,
Ina hydraulic eireuit system having a center bypass line
by which flow control valves of the center bypass type are
connected in series, a negative control type regulator is
‘employed which detects a center bypass flow rate in terms
‘of pressure and controls the pump tilting in accordance with
the detected pressure. The negative control type regulator is
‘designed to make smaller the pump tilting to reduce the
delivery flow rate when the center bypass flow rate is large
and the detected pressure is high, but to make larger the
pump tilting to inerease the delivery flow rate when the
center bypass flow rate is small and the detected pressure is,
low, thereby delivering s pump flow rate depending on the
flow rate demanded by the flow control valve to reduce an
‘encegy Loss
‘Ako, in the negative contol type regulator, the ting of
the hydraulic pump is generally contalled such that when
the control levers are not operated and the flow conteol
valves are in the neutral postion, a certain flow rate Target
than a minimum flow rate is maintained as a stand-by flow
rate to improve response of actuators at the startup of
‘operation. The prior art related to the regulator performing,
the negative control and setting the stand-by flow rate is
disclosed in, e.g, JP, U, 628304
Meanwhile, in hydraulic working machines. such as
hydraulic excavators, a lock valve is provided as safety
‘control means to keep the machine from coming iato opera-
tion even ifa control lever is erroneously touched when the
as
20
os
ss
4s
ss
6s
2
‘operator has no intention of carrying out work in such an
‘occasion as getting off the machine. ‘The lock valve is
disposed in a pilot line through which the pilot primary
pressure is supplied from a pilot pump to a pilot valve of
Control lever unit. When a gate-lock lever is operated, the
lock valve is shifted to cut off the pilot primary pressure,
whereby the pilot secondary pressure, ie., the command
pilot pressure, is output in no way from the pilot valve even
with the control lever moved. AS a result, erroneous opera
tion of the machine is prevented. The prior at elated to the
lock valve is disclosed in, e.g. JP, U, 5-57052.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
‘The conventional hydraulic circuit system however has a
problem that when the gate-lock lever is operated to activate
the lock valve, the hydraulic pump has a large tilting and the
energy loss i large in spite of the condition where the
operator has no intention of earrying out work.
More specifically, in the regulator having an input torque
limiting function, when the control levers are not operated
‘and the flow coniral valves are in the neutral positions, the
pump delivery pressure is usually at a minimum level and
therefore the pump tilting is controlled to have a maximum
value as a result of the input torque limiting function. Also,
in the negative control type regulator, when the control
levers are not operated and the flow control valves are in the
neutral positions, the pump tilting is controlled to provide a
stand-by flow rate larger than a minimum How rate, as
‘mentioned above, for an improvement of response in the
start-up operation. Therefore, although the operator manipu-
lates the gate-lock lever to activate the lock valve and cut off
the pilot primary pressure with no intention of carrying out
work, the hydraulic pump continues delivering the maxi-
‘mum flow rate or the stand-by flow rate, resulting in a large
energy loss.
‘An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrau-
lic circuit system for a hydraulic working machine which
ccan make smaller a tilting of a hydraulic pump and reduce
an energy loss in the inoperative condition where the opera
tor bas no intention of carrying out work.
(1) To achieve the above object, according to the present
invention, there is provided a hydraulic circuit system for
4 hydraulic working machine comprising a variable dis-
placement hydraulic pump driven by a prime mover, first
lilting control means for controlling the displacement of |
the hydraulic pump, a flow control valve for supplying
‘and returning a hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump
to and from an actuator, operation control means for
driving the flow control valve to shift ip position by a
‘command signal, an safety control means provided in the
‘operation control means and being able 1 cut off a
generation/-iransmission path of the command signal,
‘wherein the hydraulic circuit system further comprises
second tilting control means for controlling the displace-
ment of the hydraulic pump in interlock with the opera-
tion of the safety control means.
‘With the present invention constructed as set forth above,
‘when the operator has no intention of carrying out work and
‘manipulates the safely contol means, the generation’
transmission path of the command signal forthe flow control
valve is cut off and erroneous operation of the machine is
prevented. At the same time, the second tilting control
‘means is operated to control the displacement of the hycirau-
lic pump ia interlock with the operation of the safety control
‘means. In the inoperative condition where the operator has
‘no intention of carrying out work, it i therefore possible to
‘make smaller a tilting of the hydraulic pump and reduce an 5,974,796,
3
‘energy loss. (2) In the above system of (1), preferably, the
‘second tilting contol means contcols the displacement ofthe
hydraulic pump to reduce in interlock with the operation of|
the safety control means.
"AS with the above system, this feature also makes it
possible to make smaller a tiling ofthe hydraulic pump and
reduce an eneray’ loss.
{) In the above system of (1), preferably, when the
‘generation/transmission path ofthe command signal is cut
off by the safety control means, the second tiling control
means controls he displacement ofthe hydraulic pump to
‘become smaller than the displacement provided by the
first tilting control means when the generation/~
‘ransmission path ofthe command signal isnot eut off and
the flow control valve isin a neutral position
‘As with the above system, this feature also makes it
possible to make smaller tiling of the hydraulic pump and
reduce an energy loss in the inoperative condition where the
‘operator has n0 intention of carrying out work.
(4) In the above system of (1), the first ilting contol means
is, eg, means for controlling the displacement of the
hydraulic pump to reduce as delivery pressure of the
hydraulic pump rises In this ease, preferably, the second
tilting control means controls the displacement of the
hydraulic pump in interlock with the operation of the
safety contol means to become smallee than the displace-
ment provided by th first tilting conteol means when the
delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump is at the lowest
level
With this feature, the ist titing control means can effect
the so-called input torque limiting control function, while
the tilting of the bydraulie pump ean be made smaller and
the energy loss can be reduced in the inoperative condition
‘where the operator has no intention of earring out work
(5) In the above system of (1) the first tilting contol means,
is, eg, means for controlling the displacement of the
hydraulic pump in aecoedance with a flow rate demanded
by the flow control valve and, when the flow control valve
isina neutral position, controlling the displacement ofthe
hydraulic pump to provide a stand-by flow rate larger than
‘¢ minimum flow eate of the hydraulic pump. In this case,
preferably, the second tiling control means control the
displacement ofthe hyraulie pump in interlock with the
‘operation of the safety control means to become smaller
than the displacement at which the standby flow rate is
provided.
‘With this feature, response atthe Start-up of operation of
the actuator ean be improved in the system wherein the fist
tilting control means comprises a regulator of the so-called
negative or positive control type, while the tilting of the
hhydraulie pump can be made smaller and the enengy loss can
be reduced in the inoperative condition where the operator
has no intention of carrying out work
(6) In any of the above systems (2) 10 (5), preferably, the
second tilting control means controls the displacement of
tbe hydraulic pump in interlock with the operation of the
safety control means to take minimum value of the
displacement in the range achievable by the hydraulic
pump.
With this feature, an energy loss can be reduced 10
minimum in the inoperative condition where the operator
has no intention of carrying out work
(7) In any of the above systems (1) to (6), preferably, the
‘operation control means is pilot-operated means for pro
