Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel - Properties and
Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless
Steel
Sponsored by Austral Wright Metals - Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and High Performance Alloys
Sep 7 2008
Grade 310 is a medium carbon austenitic stainless steel, for high temperature
applications such as furnace parts and heat treatment equipment. It is used at
temperatures up to 1150°C in continuous service, and 1035°C in intermittent service.
Grade 310S is a low carbon version of grade 310.
Applications of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Typical Applications Grade 310/310S is used in fluidised bed combustors, kilns, radiant
tubes, tube hangers for petroleum refining and steam boilers, coal gasifier internal
components, lead pots, thermowells, refractory anchor bolts, burners and combustion
chambers, retorts, muffles, annealing covers, saggers, food processing equipment,
cryogenic structures.
Properties of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
These grades contain 25% chromium and 20% nickel, making them highly resistant to
oxidation and corrosion. Grade 310S is a lower carbon version, less prone to embrittlement
and sensitisation in service. The high chromium and medium nickel content make these
steels capable for applications in reducing sulphur atmospheres containing H2S. They are
widely used in moderately carburising atmospheres, as encountered in petrochemical
environments. For more severe carburising atmospheres other heat resisting alloys should
be selected. Grade 310 is not recommended for frequent liquid quenching as it suffers from
thermal shock. The grade is often used in cryogenic applications, due to its toughness and
low magnetic permeability.
In common with other austenitic stainless steels, these grades cannot be hardened by heat
treatment. They can be hardened by cold work, but this is rarely practiced.
Chemcial Composition of Grade 310/310S Stainless
Steel
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Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
The chemical composition of grade 310 and grade 310S stainless steel are summarised in
the following table.
Table 1. Chemical composition % of grade 310 and 310S stainless steel
Chemical Composition 310 310S
Carbon 0.25 max 0.08 max
Manganese 2.00 max 2.00 max
Silicon 1.50 max 1.50 max
Phosphorus 0.045 max 0.045 max
Sulphur 0.030 max 0.030 max
Chromium 24.00 - 26.00 24.00 - 26.00
Nickel 19.00 - 22.00 19.00 - 22.00
Mechanical Properties of Grade 310/310S Stainless
Steel
The mechanical properties of grade 310 and grade 310S stainless steel are summarised in
the following table.
Table 2. Mechanical properties of of grade 310/310S stainless steel
Mechanical Properties 310/ 310S
Grade 0.2 % Proof Stress MPa (min) 205
Tensile Strength MPa (min) 520
Elongation % (min) 40
Hardness (HV) (max) 225
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Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
Physical Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steel
The physical properties of grade 310 and grade 310S stainless steel are summarised in the
following table.
Table 3. Physical properties of grade 310/310S stainless steel
Properties at Value Unit
Density 8,000 Kg/m3
Electrical Conductivity 25°C 1.25 %IACS
Electrical Resistivity 25°C 0.78 Micro ohm.m
Modulus of Elasticity 20°C 200 GPa
Shear Modulus 20°C 77 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 20°C 0.30
Melting Rnage 1400-1450 °C
Specific Heat 500 J/kg.°C
Relative Magnetic Permeability 1.02
Thermal Conductivity 100°C 14.2 W/m.°C
Coefficient of Expansion 0-100°C 15.9 /°C
0-315°C 16.2 /°C
0-540°C 17.0 /°C
Fabrication of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
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Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
Fabrication Grades 310/310S are forged in the temperature range 975 - 1175°C. Heavy
work is carried out down to 1050°Cand a light finish is applied to the bottom of the range.
After forging annealing is recommended to relieve all stresses from the forging process.
The alloys can be readily cold formed by standard methods and equipment.
Machinability of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Machinability Grades 310/310SS are similar in machinability to type 304. Work hardening
can be a problem and it is normal to remove the work hardened layer by using slow speeds
and heavy cuts, with sharp tools and good lubrication. Powerful machines and heavy, rigid
tools are used.
Welding of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Welding Grades 310/310S are welded with matching electrodes and filler metals. The alloys
are readily welded by SMAW (manual), GMAW (MIG), GTAW (TIG) and SAW. Electrodes to
AWS A5.4 E310-XX and A 5.22 E310T-X, and filler metal AWS A5.9 ER310 are used. Argon
is shielding gas. Preheat and post heat are not required, but for corrosion service in liquids
full post weld solution annealing treatment is essential. Pickling and passivation of the
surface to remove high temperature oxides are essential to restore full aqueous corrosion
resistance after welding. This treatment is not required for high temperature service, but
welding slag should be thoroughly removed.
Heat Treatment of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Heat Treatment Type 310/310S are solution annealed by heating to temperature range
1040 -1065°C, holding at temperature until thoroughly soaked, then water quenching.
Heat Resistance of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Grades 310/310S have good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service in air up to
1035°Cand 1050°Cin continuous service. The grades are resistant to oxidation,
sulphidation and carburisation.
Available Forms of Grade 310/310S Stainless Steel
Austral Wright Metals can supply these grades as plate, sheet and strip, bar and rod,
seamless tube and pipe, welded tube and pipe, forgings and forging billet, tube and pipe
fittings, wire. Corrosion Resistance Grade 310/310S is generally not used for corrosive
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Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
liquid service, although the high chromium and nickel content give corrosion resistance
superior to grade 304. The alloy does not contain molybdenum, so pitting resistance is quite
poor. Grade 310/310S will be sensitised to intergranular corrosion after service at
temperatures in range 550 - 800°C. Chloride stress corrosion cracking may take place in
corrosive liquids containing chlorides at temperatures exceeding 100°C.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by
Austral Wright Metals - Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and High Performance Alloys.
For more information on this source, please visit Austral Wright Metals - Ferrous, Non-
Ferrous and High Performance Alloys.
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Stainless Steel - Properties and Applications of Grades 310/310s Stainless Steel
Austral Wright Metals -
Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and High
Performance Alloys
Address
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NSW, 2164
Australia
Phone: +61 2 9827 0790
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Austral Bronze Crane Copper Ltd and Wright and Company Pty Ltd.
This merger has bought together Australia's leaders in the distribution of:
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Copper, brass, bronze - Sheet, coil, extrusions and tube
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Stainless steel - sheet, coil, plate, flat, angle, round, tube, fittings, consumables
High Performance Materials including, titanium, duplex alloys, cobalt alloys, copper
nickels, welding consumables and other high technology metals.
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