1st Year Bom Biology Key Points
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Nisar ali1st Year Bom Biology Key Points
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Nisar ali ADP + P+ 7.0 K Cal
When two nucleotide are joint together, they form structure called Dinucleotide
Wf dinucleotide contains adenine as nitrogenous base, then itis called ‘Adenine dinucleotide
‘Adenine dinucleotide in combination with vitamins form Co-enzymes al
Nicotinamide is vitamin called ‘Nicotinic acid (niacin)
Flavin is vitamin called Riboflavin (Vitamin 612)
‘code is a sequence ofithree nitrogenous bases along with ‘Sugar phosphate strand |
Conjugated molecules
categories 2
| ifthe co-factor has ndn-protein like a metallic ion, it’s termed as Prosthetic group
‘Some cofactors are small organic molecules called Coenzymes
Lack of vitamin B produce Beriberi
Conjugated molecules Combinations of
ecules __| Combinstions iam
Lipoproteins Lipids & proteins 3
Nucleoproteins Nucleic acids & proteins
[Glycoprotein Carbohydrates & proteins
[Glycolipid
Carbohydrates & lipids ‘Ta SS See al
Questions
[ Answers
| Two RNAS
HV contains
Enzyme ate basically Proteins
HIV is also known as AIDs
The genetic¢material of plant viruses are mostly DNA
ne
tg ‘nzyme [Optimum PH | Enzyme Optimum PH
I Lipase (stomach) | 4-5 Pepsin 15-16
oo) (Lipase (Castor oil) ay Invertase 45
* | Lipase (Pancreas) 8.0 Catalase 7.0
Amylase (Malt) 4.6 -5.2 Urease 7.0
Amylase (Pancreas) 6.7-7.0 Trypsin “Le 8-87
Protease (Stomach) 1
197. | Apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme without its
198. | Lock and key model was suggested by
199. | The attraction of enzyme and substrate form
200. _| Inany chemical reaction a substrate is converted |
Page No. 12
196. | Poisons like cyanide, heavy metal ions and some insecticides all are
into
Ed BANK OF MCQs
Non-competitive int
Cofactor
Fischer in 1890
Enzyme-substrateg
Productes Rate of i
int enzyme reaction is affected by temperature , concentration of PH
iyme and substrate, inhibitors and a
Common optimum temperature values
é Enzymes of Optimum temperature
Arctic snow flea ae
Mammalian |4oc
Thermophiliebacteria | 90°C
Lack of vitamin B produces % petted
1
#f co-factors ate non-metallic, these are termed as foster
ifthe cofactors small organic molecule it’s termed as coger 3,
The absence of cofactors leads to deficiency disease of Mpls
Bee eexc: pepsin & trypsin
Most enzyme end with suffix
ee Ma
Enzyme type __| Examples Enzyme type_| Examples
Oxidoreductases | Oxidases lyases Decorboxylases
| ‘Oxygenases: Deaminases
Peroxidases
Transferases Transcorboxylases | Isomerases | Epimerases
: Transmethylases mutases
Hydrolases Esterases Ligases
Phosphatases
t Peptidases
Enayme concentration increases enzyme activity inearly
ralions & some insecticides are alll Non-competitive inhibitors
a inhibitors binds
210.
‘on which
Poisons like cyanide, heavy met
‘Activate/deactivate enzyme
‘in feedback inhibition, there is second binding site
211
T The absence or presence at second binding site
Product of reaction
Curved dependence
asl
212.
213.
| inhibitors are usually
the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions show
214.
[[On substrate concentration Questions
‘Shorts wavelength are more energetic th
219,
Visible light ranges from
Infrared can not affect whe) om
Total sunlight that enters to ‘atmosphere and reaches to the earth surface
Chiorophylls absorb light of violet blue wavelength (390-430 nm) and
Long wavelength
390 nm — 760 nm
Ultraviolet
[ 217. .] Wavelength shorter: than visible light »
218. | Wavelength longer than visibl infrared
Photosynthetic process
40%
Red wavelength (670-700
nm)
"500-600 am
Bacteria
Algae E
atious groups of algae
‘| Bacteria
Phytol side chain
Porphyrin BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
M SERIES
ds prea iorophy rom
. phy
Forming ATP from ADP and inorganic vivo
| caied an
Tia] The ATP synthasis tron transport
'233__| The AYP synthesis during Cyalic ectron ti ransport
234__| The 1" product of photonymhesi is
235._| Aerobic respiration is also called
Chlorophyll a has methyl group(CH3) and formula
° b has © oup(CHO) and formula of
Van Nell hypothesized that plant split water to release ony
In light reaction electrons are gained
End product of glycolysis Is
Ih glycolysis electron is gain and form water by
Photosystem | absorb light of
Photosystem Il absorb light of
Nice
”
sas
'
I
First product of photosynthesis to be identified is
ATPs produced in non-cyclic photophospo
ay
Pe
ts
49.
Total ATP produced in respiration of glucose is
Glycolysis occur in cytosol while Krebs cycl & electron transport chain
occur in 7
=
Mitochandria
i
Two Posphoglycerate (PGA)
[ 252._| Dark reaction is also called .”
fa rs allel
which splits td _« : :
254, | In reduction process.carbon is reduced to a 3 ~ carbon molecules PGAL i
255. | Out of six PGAL, only one molecule is used for making a cand glucose
256. | Five PGAL molecules are recycled to generate egeares 3 molecules of RuBP
257. | In preparatory phase of glycolysis, the glucose splits into. id PGAL & DAP
258. | The generation of ATP in process of glycolysis is called Fabra level
a Pw + Phosphorylation
359 The end product of glycolysis is as 2 molecules of Pyruvate
260. | in kreb’s Cycle or TCA cycle, Acetyl CoA is completely oxidized into _ 2 molecules of COz
261. | Coenzyme A consist of a nucleotide and a portion of one of B vitamins
262. | Nine acetyl group generate 108 ATP molecules
| 263. ‘Anaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP molecules
264 | The simplest amino acid is
| 265. y Sugar cane and maize are ——
266. | Chlorophyll a absorbs
267._| Chlorophyll b absorbs
268._| Plant cell synthesize sugar in the gle eae
| 269. | Conversion of excess glucose into fat is know is Upogenss |
[22 [ ona oe oe es an PION hae oe BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS BOM SERig,
i!
[ 272. | Sucrose sugar is considered as
273. | Inchlorophyll a the group attached to prophyrine group is
274. | in chlorophyll b the group attached to prophyrine roup Is
277.
278. | ente
FADH) produces
Fatty acids are converted into carbohydrates by
in chromosomes, the f al controlling heredity is;
common eytochrome both photosynthesis and respiration Is
| Anticodor {AUG will be
Ormed between carbonyl group and
happen to oxygen in electron transport chain
| Glycolysis otcurin
~T re 6r Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle(TCA) occur in
port chain occur in
Stroma of chloroplast
Fructose diphosphate >
Photorespiration otcur when inside leaf concentration of
onal ee e
The process responsible for production of energy is ~~
Intermediates —
glucose
giucose-6-phosphale
|
,
fiuctese-6-phosphate HO ch coh
‘omiewae_succinyl-CoA
esaaee iar a
ATP+COA ADP +Pi x
sp
DOMAINE COENEN TE ONE DT PASE
2, VA
NWA
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WAM
&
ose
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[S.No | Questions, uy
295. _| in HIV the proteins p120 ah ep4:
299.
296. in HIV the proteins p1l%make the trix and p24 together makes the
- ———
297. _| HIV belongs to Specialiclassipf virUgcalled Retrovirus, within this clase itis in
298, | Three HiV.genes gag, pol, ind @nv code for Protein syntheises for new
Six HIV genes tat,rev,
vif,vpr,and vpu code for protein that control the
_f ability of Wn ‘
Enveloped group of virus
300%] 2 Glycoproteingmolectles, known as hemagglutinin(HA) and
}sNeuraminidase(NA) are stuck on liquid envelop of
301. | FillVirus bélongsito
302, | HIV genes that carry information for protein synthesize
Bag, pol & env
303._| HIV genes that have ability for infection
304. _| RNA strand which help HIV Teplication is Long terminal repeat
305 8 separate pieces of RNA make up ’ Influenza virus genome
| 306. Hepatitis 8 spreads through Infected body fluids
307. | HAis rod shaped triangular molecule while NAIs Mushroom shaped spike —_| Flu virus they are present
on
[ 308. | tytie oye is also called Master-slave relation
309. | Lysogenic cycle is also called
| 310._ When a virus securely attach to host cell in good conditions
311
| The type of life cycle in which bacterium cell burst are called
Page No. 18 [322._| HIV can only replicate inside . %
5. BS
[323._| HIV have special carriers on its surface called
[324._| Viral DNA integrated into human DNA by HIV enzyni@iealled
a [ete beatae ~~~
er eccentforizos
ee eee gem]
YAK POOH MA
haa B A ip
BOM SERIES
Attack and destroy cell
[ Helper
[325._| The enzyme present in phage which digest cell wall @ Me
326. | Tcells are also called CD4 cells or CD4 T cellsor a
327. | Enzyme that convert the viral RNA into DNAs
Anti-HIV are also called g F
CD4 cell lymphocytes
Reverse Transcriptase.
| Provirus
Antiretroviral
Cocktail
[ 330. | 3 or more anti-HIV medications(HAART) are Koown'as_
331, _| Hepatitis means inflammation to ~% 3 liver
7 a r
332, | Hepatitis A is also called ©) Infectious hepatitis
ae 7
333. | Hepatitis Bis also called % Serum hepatitis
334. | Herpes is caused %&
poliomyelitis istaused ‘Ys, é
asesoF Cotton is. caused by
Transmissible neurodegenerative diseases is caused by
Hepatitis’D is caused by.
Disease Incubation period
Herpes simplex virus type
1,2 :
Poliovirus
Complex of begomo virus
Prions
| Viroids
leaf curl disease/syphillis 2-3 weeks
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B 4-20 weeks
Hepatitis C 2-26 weeks
Polio 5 - 35 days (avg=7-14 days)
There is no medications used to treat
Polio cause
Leaf curl disease of cotton are transmitted by
Pox virus is the
Antibiotics can be used for
Bethanechol can be used for
Polio immunization vaccine is effective upto Leaf curl disease of cotton is caused by
Leaf curl disease are transmitted by whitefly called
Most animal viruses are
The only genus of bacteria which lack Cell walls is
‘The phage contain an enzyme which digest was of bacterium called BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
_ BOM SERIES
owes Prokaryotes
Questions Answers
| Nostoc‘are Involved inifixation of ‘Atmospheric Nitrogen
i gpibe ‘oxgen producing bacterias | Cyanobacteria
i] A cpsule thats less tightly bound to bacteria is called Glycocalyx
‘The, sesistant of gram negative bacteria from gram pasative bacteria is more
Flagella is made of protein called Flagellin
Cholera, Typhoid fever, 7 Tuberculosis, Pneumonia are Bacterial diseases
Process [Temperature | Time
| Pasteurization _| 72 degree | 15sec
Ultra high temperature | 140 degree | 3sec
Sterilization 170 degree __| 2hour
Heating 100 degree | 10min
*72-15~140-3 +
Pilliis made of protein called
The domain is also called
No of prokaryotes to which scientific names are given be’ Three distinet domains of life are
| 364. | Is chewed that archaea and bacteria have STE
‘Archaea ring n extreme conditions are called ;
‘Archaea living in —oderate conditions are called
fic are of two types
Extremophil
Extreme halopiles live in
Extreme thermophiles live in
The most abundant ‘organism Is
t . i
=a nn :
ira cose yam negative bates NE (Y=
Typhoid fever js caused by rod Shaped gram negatl ‘0 Fiery ated |
— sed by acid-resstant bacllus DBC ai Le
renee
ae
Tuberculosis is
Pneumococcal pneumonia is cal BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS BOM SERIES
| Hans Christian Gram (1884)
Groups of flag
| Greups of flag
Mesogomes
Nucleoid
Plasmids
[Senesprishowles tne anne ma saa, |
r ‘Protobacteria = a” % “Sa
a Sh a
[Aiba Sodas Pyne asocanth |
= 3
fn
mibinant ONA formed from bacteria and phage DN
[ 406. | Arci ists found live endospore from 7518 years old sediment
aes
[The association of Rhizabium radia to roots of egum WL: tad) a os
: ’ BOM SERIpg
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
413.
Pseudomonad spp.
Erwini 3
Disease
Bacterial leaf spot
Bacterial wilt
Bacterial soft rot
Bacteria galls
Bacterial blight
414. | T8 patient are lar
ethambutal and
415. | Vaccine for TBis
0
rwinia carotovore
Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
is jaseoli,
Xanthomonas campestris Pv. Phi
i Streptomycin
in,
Bely treated with IsonicotinyIhydrazine(INH), rifampi
416.
(427.
418
419
fomites or
_| Typhoid fever ie transmitted by flies, food, fingers, feces and
aaa : aline_9
The drug given to pneumonia Patient is penicillin with tetracyaline.o1
Bacteria reproduce asexually by
Bacteria reproduce sexually by
Cholera, typhoid fever,
The simplest Oxygen pi
When anopheles mo:
pneumoniajjdiphther
roducing organisms are es
Ascospore is produced as a result of
Gonorrhea is a sex diseases caused a
The role of bacteria Population in e
Bacteria is hydrogen sulphide while
Cellulose breakdown ~~ a
Bacteria contain chlorophyli a while
y ontain chlorophyll a, | Phyceoerythrine =.
co = C mee b ae sees : 2
[Temperature avalbiy ofa — BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
a was first studied by Luderberg & Tatum in
In cholera, in untreated cases the mortality may reaches to
Escherichia coli
Virulent phages |
Temperate phage
70%
Widal test
6 months
Bacille Calmette Guerin
(BCG)
Pneumococcal pneumonia
ply 24strains
Pseudomonad spp. 2
Bacterial soft rot
Bacterial galls
Bacterial blights
effect is
Xanthomonas campestris PV.
Refrigeration at temperature 0°Cto 7°C Pct activity of meres Bacteriostatic effect
ar, é on
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS BOM SkRy
—_———— — ao
cue Protista and Fungi
Answers
[asa The oldest eukaryotes are. Ptotists
| 455. | Protest kingdom is sometimes called “ “Trash can” kingdom
| [456._| The number of protistspeciés is in between of > 60,000 — 200,000
pase. id process of endosymbiosi.s present in Protists
a
> | Examples & main characteristics
Taypanosome which cause African nates disease
Trachonymph in termites digestive track
Pseudopodia motion ‘
Reproduce by binary fission
Resembles like snail
Secrete shell of calcium carbonate/limestone_§
Plasmodium
- Two nuclei (micro and mega)
Paramecium
Balantidum coli which infect intestinal tracts of pigs
and rats
[as9,_| Trachonymph helps in eestion cineond and present in digestive track of Termites
Pe Seudopodia
ae Amoeba
PRP PIFIS Fin pi’ PF
Age of Strata BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS BOM SERIES
463. | Sporozcites divide in liver and from Meroroktes
464. | The carrier of plasmodium is Female 2nopheles
ia Mosquito
465. | When RBCs burst and Merozoites are released it this time Diseases symptoms appear
466. | Ciliates have outer flexible covering called i Pellicle
467. | Two types of nucléi ,macro(control physiological functions) and micro(need | Ciliates
for sexual reproduction) are present in
468.
Type Characters
Euglenozoids | Autotrophs & heterotrophs, two flagella, pellicle membrane
membrane (Euglena)
Cellulose wall, two flagella, red tides, change water
a, Cand carotenoids
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms Two shell made of silica, chlorophyll a, c and cafétendi
Brown algae Conspicuous seaweeds, air bladder, alternation of gene!
sporophyte and haploid gametophyte, holdfasti(Kelps)
Rhodophyta Coral reefs, agar and carrageenan production “Ws
Chlorophyta Both uni and multicellular, store food as starch, cel lose wal}
and b, asexual reproduction is 20
Spirogyra )
Two flagella are attached in Euglenozoidsiip
Some genera of kelps attain height of — “Q_
‘About 40 genera of Euglenozoids contain,
Paramecium reproduce asexually by
Dinoflagellates contain chlorophylla, ¢ and
Dinoflagellates produces \),
Dinoflagellates have two Unequal flagella which
Diatoms are made, up of two ‘shells made of
The floor made by shells of diatoms are called
Brown algaé float during high tides because it possesses
Kelps are brown’algae possessing large leaf like
Brown algae have large root like structure called
The'reddish Colour of algae is due to accessory pigment called
Lplasmodial slime molds
Plasmiodiuimlis mass formineydle.
Back and forth motion of cytoplasm distribute
nutrients <
Pseudopodia motion 488. | Oomycota are distitnguished from other protists by theiy oospore
489. | Zoospores have two | unequal flagella
Nulose
490. - | Cell wall of oomycota is mad of — cam pe
| 491. | Cell wail of fungi is made of aoe oT
Fungi secrete substances into the food which make the food unpalatable, sand Carcinopery
[ 492. | White f
| 493. _| On host body, pasrasites water molds produces cp RTE
Cause (fungus like protists)
Micosporum furfor
Aspergillous sp.
Disease ‘Cause (animal like protists)
Late blight of potatoes | Phytophthora infestons
Malaria Plasmodium
Disease
Dandruff
Fungal diseasety
‘ | 455. | Tibletets is
96 Red algae are richin a Vitamins and minerals
ie Ny Ringworms in di
ss Trichophyton (fungi) cause a diseases called : nites sgl
Structure
A P f
| 498, | The cowpex and smallpox virus is very similarin
| 499. | Out of the total world the photosynthesis performed by protistsis One-quarter
00,_| The planktons play a major role in photosynthesis in ; Aquatic life
1, _| The vast majority of planktons in the ocean consists.of " Protists
~ | The world largest organism is fur ad “aa Armillaria ostoyae
1000 years old
Cellulose
Basidiomycota
Club fungi (club shape basidia)
Parasites produces powdery mildaw | Primary, secondary & tertiary
i mycelium
erlals, | 40.%formslichen (symbiotic) _| Dikaryotic cell has 2 haploid nuclei
Be el Bsidiocarp is Tertiary mycelium
s
Pe Muchrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi,
rusts and smuts
marein Thousands
oC | Ascomycota
Conidiophores
the end of :
a Yeast is useful for both bakers and Brewers
509. | Primary mycelium (haploid nucleus) is also called : ‘Monokaryon (uninucleate)
‘| 510. | Fungi evolved from a : Unicellular flagellated
£ ancestors
511. | The ability to switch from heterotrophic to autotrophic is used to treat Present in euglena
sewage is :
Club-shaped basidia are arranged inside a fruit body is called “ Basidiocarp ;
|_| No reproductive structures such as antheridia or archegonia are formed in | Basidiomycota
512 Apotheciurr
| tier
}
| Neurospora & fusatiurn
| Ua
urn furtur
Dandruff
andida sp, | Nail j s_|
|Aspergiliussp, | Aspergillosis (syrnptomes like tuberculatis )
LAthletet’sfoot | Fungal . ™
hed ’
Terrestrial mode of ife ls disappearance Flagellatad calle
528. | Uehen protect isalgaetrom™ G&G Surveys
ana ea
[531._| pa
[a
[53a] Won’ toa har cused onal atachis
['535. | Red rot of sugarcane, late blight of tomato are caused by
Product [ Obtained from | Uses
Ergotamines =} Claviceps purpurae | ach
Pencillin | Pencilium chrysogenum |
Cephalosporiny. | Cephalosporium acremonium | Antit
[ Griseofulvin “YiPencilium | galinst
[yeast | Saccharomyces cerevisiae _| Baking CS —————— ~
BOM SER},
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
owns Diversity Among Plants
Questions : tae Answers eS)
rns are d -— Permian & Triassic
Ferns are dominated in periods of
sof . Triassic & Jurrasic
Arrangement of species from ancestors to descendants through their eolution | Phyetic linkeage
is called i 2 ee ws
| 539. - | Today Two million Speclés of animals ace present and plants present are [0.5 million
[Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Gymnosperm
in plants like algae, mosses and liverworts the gametophyte generation is Gametophyte
porophyte generation is dependent on :
| 542. | Both generation are independent in So Ulva & ectocarpous
[ 543. | Vascular tissues are present only in sporophyte and absent ee | Gametophyte
| Main characters
© Green branched thallus
[2 | Hepaticeae _| Liverworts _| Lack true roots,stem and leaves
[3 [Anthoccrotae | Hornworts_| ¢Rhizold are present BOM BIOLOGY KRY POINTS
Fusion sperm with ey or OF ooxpere to form, tygote oF oospore i fertilization
| Bryophytes are also called TEmbryophytes
Moularenhanii T Gregarious in habit
Antheridia and archegonia of mosses are sometime mixes with pach o Paraphyses
halt like structures soma a
Monoecious i
if antheridia and at Dioecious
‘The antheridium is multicellular, short stalked, club shaped body aah “Antherozold cells,
contain
The lower swollen portion of archegonium Is called
| $.No | Sub-divisions |
Psilo
Psilotum & Tmesipetris
Lycopodium, Selaginella, Iseotes,
eaneroodae Te Ilo Ce
Peo rr contain ferns, angiosperm laa
Except from ovum other cell in archegoniums N=
Waxy waterproof layer'called cuticle is present in
[he moss which susedas packing Matera Sag
en rae
hate Rags ie os Se a
cas
564.
565.
566.
= The outer cell wall of spore is called Texine or exosp
[tines madeof —conerenn
[sto | Subchisone oe
[1 | Psilopside_ & | Rootless | Leafiess
[2 [tycopsida [root <= 7 a BOM SERIp
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS De 4
Rib/joint stem
—e | ree jous ee
Rementa
ish scales
ey The stem and petiole of adiantum are covered with numerous brown
called ‘
|a | Filicineae |
Fibrous adventitious
| 574, | The roots of adiantum are a, Fronds ed
‘| 575 rangia on thajeav % }
iz | Ferns have prostate plant body that bears numerous spo | |
called “Club mosses and horse taiy
| 576. | Microphylious leaf are present in : 2 ; [tee
SS a
| 577. _| Primitive vascular plants lacked ori
Subterranean rhizome
as %, ea Moist & shady places
| 580. | Filicineae are found in ¢ % h epiediaadanicnt
| 581. | The immature and young filicineae are e
mani ey ears
382. | In lower vascular plants seeds are not produced they. produce b Seed producing
Higher vascular plants are y Microphyllus
The leaves of lycopsida are small and simple andaare called Strobili
_ | 585. | inlycopside; sporophyll usually forms,
__ |586._| inlycopside,small outgrowth present at the base is called wets
| 587. | Insome lycopsida such aslycopodium, the liguleii ee
B|Sohenopida are aoa ph
89. | > Horse tail
90._| Lycopsida are con ; a Mosses
91,_| Number of species of
Ows of leaves) two small on upper surface and two large | Two sides
g slender root like organ give off from stem which is known Rhizopore
Sporophyte
Terminal cone or strobilus
| Special lateral appendages called sporangiophores are developed which bear Sporangia
| 597. _| The mature gametophyte of sphenopsida or horse tail is called Prothallus
germinate in week time and produce haploid gametophyte called Prothallus
Prothallus is independent plant because it produce its own food with the help | Chloroplast
oft Fate a Y
‘a Sporophyté give rise to gametophyte and gametophyte give rise to Sporophyte | Alternation of generation
: is
| 601. | Ripened and fertilized ovule is called : ‘Seed
te [ 602. | Around the sporangium, in evolution branch like outgrowths fuse and form Integuments
[.603. | The integumented megasporangium in which megaspore is retained is called Ovule or unripe seed
f Toes :
oe
SS ch
BANK OF MCOs _ BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS BOM SERIES
Ee
fe
a
[08 |
[iste
[acres
[Hower symmety | timerous |
a :
| 10._| The wall of microspore become thick and is ae
611.
as
“foliage & scale leaves
Cambium
1/4" of cospore is concerned with development of emt yo so fertilization is | Single
oe eee are scones the F
‘The ovary contain ovule, the ovule ca
The pollen grain send tube called pollen tub ae es
The fusion of sperm with egg to fo
to form fusion nucleus is callgd
The fusion nucleus develops p> trees Tr aaa
brm the seed toajgaaled | Testa andtegment™
The mona Sule
‘A bark of fever tree(Cinchona succiruba) produces
treat
‘Spermatophytes means Seed plants, It inc
1. 300 families
2. 12,500 genera
3.__3,00,000 species
‘The number of species of grass family
j BOM-BIOLOGY KEY POINTS ca :
(633. _| Ferns are dominated on earth during period of
| 634. | Til the flowers come to same level due to equal size of
Green fight -
Wet a
5 dahon’
Hydra reproduce asexually by i
‘lass fillicineae, Gymnosperm, and angiosperm belongs to sub phylum b
Puth Kanda (Ach
Microsporangium
Micro-gametophyte
Continuous
photosyntheises
Promoting survival
Fresh water sponge
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa)
Coca (Erythroxylon coca)
Daffodil (Narcissus spp.)
English yew (taxus baccata)
Fever tress (Cinchona
646. | Apollen grain germinates and develops into
Food is ren NN ~—
647. is re i ~ ae,
Alternation of generation inplant is regarded a mechanism for
649. | Spongilla is " +
650. _| Forsleeping disorder, autoimmune diseases and glaucoma, we use
For altitude sickness in South africem, we use
To treat Alzeheimer’s disease, we use
| 653. | We use taxol for breast cancer and this is obtained from
654. | Quinine is used for malaria and this is obtained from
— ¥
a
VERTEBRATES a
~“ineed| ack is
657._| The outer most covering of animal is
658. _| Animals evolved from single cell organism included in kingdom.
os
NC ae RT Gastro: vascular ca)
There is transport and nervous system in Diploblastie '
Diploblastic have no anus and their digestive system is also called Sac like digestive system
represented by the organs
ervous system
n & associated glands
Page No. 35 Ei BANK OF MCO A : i. oa one wifgeveeg into 2 complete
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POI
i!
3 Mesoderm —_| Skeletal, excretory, reproductive anda
666. | Acoelomates are t animals which do not contain _ —— ok
opin Ade esoderm forms
instead of parietal and visceral layer, in Acoelomates the ™
loose tissues called fee —— x
| 668. | In Pseudocoelomates the cavity is
he Pesudoconiomatens the ¢ from
68. Hes resusecelorees te avy develo Frombanocoei not trom
BOM
Coelom or body ¢ a)
co vity
Mesenchyma or
parenchyma
Not a true body cavity
Archenteron
ee a eT Bhyium Porifera
Acbelomates
Phylum Platyhelminthes |
Phylum Aschelminthes
Pseudocoelomates: ee : Bs
Coelomates | Protostomes [ Phylum Molluska
. (first mouth ) Pad Phylum Annelids
Phylum Arthropoda.
Deutergstome: Phylum Echinodermata |
(anus first), ae. | Phylum. Chodata
= geet eq S. 4
7 ical yy Radial symmetry
Animals of Phylum Echinodermata are are bilatrial symmetrit
ite
Rikg
Tother body organs and systems —~
Jarval stage and adults gain
| 671. | Coelomic epithelium is absent in
| 672. | pseudosoelom has no relation with Reproductive system and
on. Pseudocoelomates
Excretory system
(673. | Coelomiates are those animals in which true Body cavity or coelomn is Present
Radial cleavage a
eee Daughicr celle on thetop of previous cell. a
| 676._| mice ze and fate offcellis indeferminate are properties of
contain Ignored animals
fox egos mag Mg is
[ Systeftjof naming’bf.animal ica
ae jlum po Ste
| 682. fF
ly of porifera is tubular and-open aaa end called
de of two layers, the outer Pinacoderm and the
683 lls of porifera are
| 684. | Pinacodermis made of flattened cells called
| 685. | Choanoderm is made of flagellated collar cells called
Porifera contain some special mobile cells called amoebocytes which
produce
All sponges have skeleton except class
| 689. | Sponging is a form of protein in the form of.
is pene are found in warm water of
fate of cell is indeterminate
Deutrosomes
less in numbers
Genus
Species
Binomial nomenclature
Ostia
Osculum
Choanoderm
Pinacocytes
Choanocytes
Ova & sperm
80%
Mycospongida
Fibers
Mediterranean sea
Sound waves Marine sponge
“| Fresh water sponge
Tubular marine sponge
Siliceous sponge _
eath the sea and belongs 10 |
holl Intestine
fe Kolios means hollow &
Fuse to ncmatocyst
Coelenterate:
sare a
which 1 also called cnidarian due presence of enidocytes cells
6. _| Majority of c
FL Te cai ooo atesar¢ marine but some do Wein
5. lerm in Coelenterates are specialized for Digestion —
Nematocyst
98. | In coclenterat
6 e es Mouth are surround:
ence and defence called i ge ; a
mn
| In coelent =
7 rar ites the enzymes are produced from Glandular cells of endodern
ates special feeding zooids which are called Gastrozoids
On of gastrozoids are to nutrition to Whole colony
zoids are found in obelia & animals of order Siphonophora
Carnivorous
. a,
* fe | Intra gndextracellular J
: 7 [intra and extraceliviae _
enterates the digestion are both
man of war are commonly known as Physalia pelagica
Ble pelopiea is 12,1. cm/sec
fe , 4 Jelly fish (just-propulsion
method)
Metagenesis
Fresh water 5 well __|
Polyps(tube) &
Medusa(umbrella)
iiled blastostyle reproduce into a seuser shape Medusae
aa ee err EN |
[_2__| Platform reef or table reef
[3% | Barrierreef___ | No connection with land
t
- inte
The length of the great Barri cer reef of Australia is Pek
Word Platyheiminthes was coined by Gaugenbaur (1859) which means
The bodies of Platyhelminthes are unsegmented or Superficially seg e
&
The term “bivalent” means
Page No. 37 a ae
Homeothermic
22._| Kangaroo is
; i purids rom Monomers
Polymerization is a process ‘of producing high ‘molecular weight comp: From Monon a
joped while it ig poorly
in Platyhelminthes, in free from 0.5 is well devel
ped in Class Trematoda and absent in
ining cilia flickerinB through Flame cell
deve
a Jn. > h open with eames ty. ore
Platyhelminthes flame attached with duct which oP :
> :; ~ = ebral Nerve ring and 1/3 ney. ~
ce Th Platyhelminthes, the nervous system consist of pair of anterior cer ade Nerve
‘and ventral ganglion connected b) 2 agnaphrodite
us : Platyhelminthes
is well developed in free form of
‘es, reproductive system is well Jeveloped with gona And copulatory organs
ce
Platyhelminthes
| with ir umbers In ees |
n sper ane produeed in ree Platyhelminthes
on is internal in. : I hes”
the fertilized egg grow into new individual asin [ssnatia ee
iver flu
“Tiferent type of larvae are formed in a : = pe =
2 eration ability is present jin class } ubellaria (planaria) <
ration ability is absent in class Tremato! & Cestoda (tape worms
| i elastic wall with nucleus and cavity cont
dalliver
Solitary
Ability is absent
are x
jorms ) are parasite sO.
tin. of
re 15,000
10 mm
16 feet or 5 meter
Taenia saginata
shelminthes consist of Five Nematomorpha
nematode and
isms are called Kinorhyncha
Thread
Tapering at-both ends
Blood |
Nematodes
Nematodes nervous system
Absent
eee
Ascaris
Nematodes
reddish tinge because of Dissolved haemoglobin _
with seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct
arming vagina which | Middle line
pe _ | Ascaris Tumbricoides
ieee ore ee, | 8-16 inches me
eee | 6-12 inches
Bate re
759. | The past ea
ae Of m 5 ae “ale a
760. HFeraiesore Sscaris is curved with two spine like structures called _| Penial sete Ee |
et deeb a May contain 27 million eggs at one time at lay about [2iaceges per dey _——
micularis is human dn | Pinworm
62. lan Parasite commonly known as re “Te appendix _|
Ie parts of
Hod where Enterobius vermicularis Ives
763. | The word m pial
764. | Thel: ulluscus is been derived from Latin word 7molluscus” means ‘
a <18est phylum of inverteb arthropod
ratesis
The second largest phylum of invet “Phylum mollusks 4
tebrates are Phylum mollusks ee |
The number of species of Phylum mollusks are : nou ae
wan Bo 00
| Most moll [Mant ——
an USks are protected by shell of calcum carbonate secreted by CY at ary
769. gave mollusks the shell may be internal, external are comple = afoot
as a body of mollusks can differentiated into head, dorsal visceral hump an¢ Ventral |
Besacice, betweeri the body in malluss are called Mante cavity inwhich’_| Kidney and 30
=_|)Moliusksrespire through gis presentin the Nene |
‘| 772._| Mollusks have respiring tongue called Radula ee wee’ |
- jgments
773. _| The blood mollusks are colourless and contain WBCs and have no Respiratory pigmen!
Nerve cords in ‘mollusks
774. | Nerv i
‘ous system consist of three pairs of orange colour ganglia connected
The testes are white and ovaries are reddish and fertilization is externalin Molise
The word annelida is of Greek origin annelus means 5 Little ring ‘Segmented
e , us
The animals of phylum annelids are called annelids because they have! hues a
‘ body =
Annelids have = : ean
The colour of annelids blood is red due to oo
plasma j
Excretory system of annelids consist of metamerically arranged Nephridia |
Nephridium Opens to the exterior through Nephridiopore a
Locomotary organs are setae in earthworm and parpodia in Neries(gills under |
parapodia)
The body of annelids and arthropods are covered with Cuticle
Mostly annelids are %,. Hermaphrodite
The word jarthropoda are derived from two Greek words, Arthros means Limbs or legs
jointed and Podos means
Body of arthropoda are differentiated into head, thorax and ‘Abdomen.
The blood Stadpropogere haemolymph because it does not contain ‘And carries food only
ration in arthropods in aquatic life takes place through gills and in Terrestrial through trachea
Spiracles
Book lungs
In arthropods the excretion occur either malpighian tubule in insects and Green/coxal gland in
Me " crustacean
dimorphism is generally present in Arthropodes
2 Arthropods
All the changes occurring from the fertilization of an egg to the formation _ | Arthropods
‘ of an adult are collectively called Metamorphosis which occur in
: During metamorphosis a larya undergoes a series of changes called
The stage between ecdysis are called
“The stadia attained by insect larva in any stadium between t ‘Adult or imago
divided in
to three Bro!
| On the basis of metamorphosis the arth Examples : ay
s Collembolan & other wingless insects
‘ Sinaia | No metamorphosis a Cockroaches & wasps and other inse,
ae SS Hemimetabola Prone mean sis__| files. putterflies, moths, beetles exc
Se Onychophora ——~
re 4
ee soecie Wk Between annelids and arthropods “ 70 species classifies in jp—~
phora, a Broup of arthropods ‘consist of genera
: Derm means skin
of Phylum echindermata are derived From two Greek
Exclusively marine J
[asaduls. =~
[locomotion
nodern he water vascular system inclu Hcahalayitem
1S al .
resent in echinodrerm Bessie glands
Carnivores
Viviparous
Fsracturese ek
Peristomical gills
Cloacal respiratory tract
"| Genital bursae
biaterally ‘symmetrical in larval Stage and radial.»
ding tube feet are used for
Rectal caecae
Are poorly developed
5 7
S.
“bsorb wastes and remove them by
‘consist of radial ganglia containing nerve
Eye
isc regenerate into a New animal
ind all are marine, bilaterally Secondary phylogenetic
di | symmetrical in adult stage which origin
break off its . | Arm when injured
schinoderms and chordates are available by | Creatinine phosphate
B Echinochordates and
hemichordates
Common ancestors
ils which are found in *_| Shallow ocean bottom
cA but similarities with Echinoderms
three regions, aniatior Protosome, —_| Proboscis, collar & trunk
Mucus secreting cells
Hemichordates
Hemichordates 2 eae
Hemichordates
Mid dorsal and mid ventral
line
Bipinnaria larva
Thread or rope
All chordates h;
ave
Biencwisteedec eg dorsal, hollow nervous systems which lies above the notochord.
embryonic stage, S slits which sometimes called Perforated pharynx at least in the
“eg tiy
Perforated
Pharynx are functional in fishes and amphibions.
lum chordate are classifi P
Ea pe two sions and tives svbphyiums:
zi e
Pisces | Cyclostomata/eAgnattiay
(fishes) Condrichthyes/44artila
fishes, _& Ms
Osteiehthyes / bony fishes
Mammalia,
Absent
Present
chordata
ming larvae and absent in adults in
‘Subphylum Urochordata are also, cal fledtunicate because they contains _ | Tunicin (related to
| shealth called tunic Which is made’of cellulose)
Bare inform oflongrodhence called - | Sealancelet
igh out thie body in Cephalochordate
Q bin. ind enzymes are ei Proteinous :
| Cephialochordate are Filter feeders and it’s example is Branchiostoma(amphioxus)
I. a een
brates aredivided into Five groups /super classes PARAM (formula) alt
F fe ath bla) Reptilia, Aves or Birds, Mammalia) _*
| 842. | The largest group of vertebrates are fishes, which constitution is 48%
[843._| The number of living fishes are more than 29,000
Page No. 41 BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
Osteichthyes
bones I
Cyclostomata_ ve
Fibrous cartilage __
‘Long ee! ike _
Lacked paired
ge. -
pliner
F with placold scales
Body covered with scales |
circular . coud scales
naked without scales
Carnivores = ——
Class cyclostomata or Agnatha:
1. Jawless fishes having circular mouth
§ 2. Long eel like body
¥ 3, Skin is naked without scales ?
= 4. Lacked paired fins or appendages ‘
5. Seven pair of gills are found which opens to outside separately |
: 6, Gills not covered with operculum ‘ |
7. Skeleton ic of lower grade means of fibrous cartilage, |
- 8. They ore parasitic and have no stomach |
a 9. Mouth is adopted for sucking
10. e.g: Petromyzon merinus (lamprey) and Maxile glutenosa (hag
846, | Class chondrichthyes ; |
1. Skeleton made of cartilage }
2. Streamlined bodies |
3. Alllive in marine environment © . |
4. Mouth is ventral |
5, Body is covered with placoid scales which are smail and numerous and give the skin a touch of |
5 * sandpaper ‘ |
: 6. Circulatory system is with many pairs of aortic arches |
‘: 7. Heterocercal tails in, which dorsal lobe is longer than ventral lobe
‘ BF Respiration takes place through 5-7 pairs of gills
— " a 9. Gills are not covered with operculum and open separately
10. Most a jivorous
Ny: jeplis absent ~ :
xe fe separate and most of them are viviparous Q
13. Egis! 5, rays, skates and chimaeras
2. Inhibits all types of aquatic habitats
3. Body covered with scales such as (1.Median fins: dorsal fi
: .! é al fin, an: .
ee nate tos ial fin, caudal fin. 2. Paired fins:
4. Swim bladder is found which are hydrostatic in fun
i , ction and provi
5. Respire through gills which are covered with operculum aaa
6. Jaws may be with or without teeth
7. Brain is developed with ten pair of cranial
M 5 nerves
_ 8 Blood contain haemoglobin and its colour is red
: ss + 9. Sexes are separate but some are external
gk 10. Majority of $ i
. ee | _10._ Majority of b bony fishes are oviparous but some are ovoviviparous and viviparous
Ryde nie of bones |
|
|
|
|
| Vascularized swim bladder
3 live in this wforld
Fespire through extremely
les and respire through
latin wo
Gills
Both a A Se iull
Aquatic & terrestrial
[Amphibian
evo
'd From |,
~ | external
Taterally flattenes
Of water”
[hea
NB two pectoral two pelvic limbs, some are_| Caecilians
are webbed and without f :
e Claws
ibian are pigmented, smooth and =” Glandular
—~Yeenated and deoxygenated takes place in oneventclem | Amphibian
amphibian get energy out from fat bodi
ies deposited aroun
be a ays
| 864. | true land vertebrates are
: ™ 4S
['865._| The bodies of reptiles can be divided into fourregion, Head, neekytrunk
Reptiles are; , %
» gills are reta
Wve tetrapods havi
Amphibians ha
like
| 860._ | Amphibian feet
kidneys
Reptiles
and tail
1. Pentadactile means
2. Lowest amniotes having embryo covered with amnion
3. Have protective membranes such as yolk sac,, amnion, chorion & allontoise
4. They are oviparous and lay shelled eggs
5+ “Their skin is thickand acaly and dvoid of glands? -
- 6. Exoskeleton is inthe form of nails and epidermal cells and digits are with claws
7. Teeth are present in jaws except tuitle and tortoise
| 8. Colour of blood isred due to presence of haemoglobin
5 tion takes place through lungs which have spongy tissues
levelop in reptile
te,metanephric kidneys
means excrete uric
nt in age of reptiles
q Mésozoic period{225-65 million years back)
‘Teptiles are the descendents of Dinosaurs of Jurassic period (195-136 million years back)
and Cretaceous period( 136-65 million years back)
i acteristic of archaeopteryx:
developed contour and feathers
ZZ bs modified into flying wings
with two rows of feathers
4. Large skull with single occipital condyle
5. Jaw elongated to form beak
Reptilian characteristics of archaeopteryx:
Presence of scale on legs
Solid bones without air spaces
Long tail consist of 20 caudal vertebrae
9-10 cervical vertebrae
No fusion of trunk and sacral vertebrae
Sternum not keeled free cervical and
having five fingers, a
‘ta 7, Simple brain with cylindrical hernisphe ey
Ewen period in ‘|
8. Fore limb with three clot finger Socks of aurassic :
stics Of . a| reptilian ancestor.
: Archaeopteryx
birds are
Characteristics of Birds: :
1, Homoeothermic means cold blooded
2. Body covered with epidermal exoskeleton
3. Body is fusiform(streamlines)
4, Forelimbs are modified to wings
5. The aquatic bird posses webbed feet
Skin without gland except uropygial 8!
7. Hollow bones
8. Sternum is keel
9.« Jaw without teeth and form beak
10. Digestive system has a crop to store and t!
11. +Blood,is red due to haemoglobin contained in
a9° Vocal cords are not present in larynx but Seg jal soun'
Jand at the base of tail
?
he gizzard to,grindit
din oval; ni cleate
.
A bronchi ~
13. Lungs are provided with extra air sags which ext er?
14. Eyes are provided with third eyelidpthe nictitating mem» a, 1s
15. Arudimentary pinna is present ot ide the external bi Pp ig ;
: reter open'i the cloaca and nitrogenous wastes are
~ 16. Excretory organs are met:
"excreted in the form of
17. Females have only left o'
Running birds
irregularly arrangement
Keeled sternum
Flightless Birds
Flying birds
Brain & nervous system
hs development
fn mammal like reptiles
ee! Fo: slj,animal Varanope
82. a a Trees
ammals beco Cenozoic period
Mammals hay
to Pentadactyle limbs
s brain is well developed with two large cerebral hemisphere
12 pairs of cranial nerves
mammals
«| crocodiles
Non nucleated RBCs
gestation
Jn mammals the embryo is kept ins
and this process is called
889. | Mammals are also called yy” .
Mammals are divided into three subclasses: E
1._Prototheria 6t montremata 5
Amniotes a ——————————————
BOM BIOLOGY kry POINTS
2. Metatheria or Marsupials
Eutheria or placentalia
“TT Egg lying animals
»| Pouched mammals
Sin} Prototheria / montrer
‘Ovo-viviparous
Prototheria / montremata
2
:
a
=
eS
Zz
Pale) oe
Neighbouring island
are found in Prototheria / montre'
The body . a —
Semperature of Prototheria/ ‘montremata are about 25 - 28°C
On ventral >
side of female of Metatheria / Marsupials bear a pouch called Marsupiury
900 There is no placent i
ae pl Nlrmation but teats cf mammary gland are preset in || Metatheria / Marsupials
pete are also restricted to Australian region except
Their body is covered with hairs and are terrestrial and
Eutheria or placentalia are also called
: In Eutheria or placentalia, cloaca is ab:
> [ 905. _| Eutheria are divided into
= :
% ‘American opossum
3 | arboreal (live in trees)
A Placental animals
sent and urino-genital duet opens “| Indefinitely of rectum
~ «| Sixteen orders
PERF
[ Subclass Examples y
Duck billed platypus (Ori
montremat Spiny ant eater (i
Metatheria/ | Kangroo, opossui z
Marsupials
Eutheria / i yore |
placentalia [Chiroptera 28.8 flying Squirrels Flying mammals
cete Whale) dolphin, porpoises, sea Aquatic mammals
loin
vor‘ cat, loin, wolves Flesh eating
Rodentia, | Rate; mice, squirrel, beavers Cutting habit
pEdentatel, “| South American anteater, sloths | No or poorly teeth
Penguin Body with overlapping large &
horny scales
roboscidea Elephant Long trunk
‘| Perissodactyla_| Hose, zebra Odd-toed hoofed.mammals
4 Artiodactyla __| Cow, goat, deer Even-toed hoofed mammals
Primates Ape, man, monkey, lemur tarsier_| Highest brain development
907, | Tissue orga fization is missing in Protozoa
Tissue organization in present in -| Metazoan
909. | Round worms, which have body cavities partially lined with mesoderm are | Pseudo coelomates
classified as +
Daphnia belongs to 5 ¢ Crustacean Sire
[311 Feathers of irs are waterproof due oseseion af | wreen and]
Impure blood Togs
Teeth adopted for cutting are | incisors
The main excretory organ in cockroach is ao [M
Page No. 45. NS a,
BOM Sp RI
BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
: : Four fairs :
916. | The number of legs in scorpion are "| Pigeon
al #
917._| Vertebrate with one occipital condoyle is Polymorphism —
~ wn as pee
, 918, | The existence of an ‘Organism in more than one for is kno Pond is shallow —
919._| In'a pond ecosystem profundal none is missing because | tay eges
920. _| Spiny ant eaters Trypase
921. | Proteinis converted to peptone by Cancer
5 922. | Sudden as well as rapid mitosis leads to Setea %
: Organs of locomotion in earth worm are Man —
Plantigrad locomotion is found in of
Ammonoid mollusks are dominated on earth during period 0
Prothallus is
i leaves
Ferns have prostrate plant body that bears various sporangia On }
called
Wings of a bird and fore limbs of man are
Triassic and Jurass
Hermaphrodite
Fronds
Homologous
i t Parasitism a
4: 2 929. | The association in which an organism get advantage and the other ge
g suffers are [Equus ee
# 930, _| The modern horse is called Polymorphism
931. _| Important characteristic of coelenterates Tubellaria(planan aor
932. _| In Platyheiminthes, regeneration ability is present in class aignatod a : a
i ‘ent in class cae
_ | 933. | In Platyheiminthes, regeneration ability is abs Cestoda(tape worms)
: Regenerat ~
5 Echinoderms have strong power of en
In Earth worm 4-5 pairs of heart present called oo Boe
Metamorphosis occur in thropodes
Urochordates are also called tunicate as theyhave sheeth called tunic which | Of tunicin
is made
Examples
‘Sycon(marine), Spongilie(fresh water), Leucoselenia(marine), euplectella
(flower basket)
Hydra, Obelia, Jelly fish, Sea anemone, Corels =
Planaria(Dugesia), liver flukes(fasciola hepatica), tape worms(taenia solium)
Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis(pin worm)
Phylum Aschelminthes
Or nematode
+} Garden snail(Helix aspersa), Slug(Limax maximus), freshwater mussel
(Anodonta grandis), Marine mussel(Mytilus edulis), Oyester(Ostrea lurida),
Squid(Loligo pealii), Cuttle fish(Sepia officinalis), Octopus( Octopus bairdi)
Earthworm(Pheritema posthuma), Medicinal leech(Hirudinaria medicinaliis), |
Neries
Brittle star(ophiothrix fragilis), sea urchin(arbacia punctulata), sea
cucumber(thyone briareus)
‘| Acron worm(Saccoglossus kowalevskii) and balanogiosus sp.
Sealancelet 4
Shallow water
in “Deovoniar
in” period certain lobe fin fishes of group
in ‘ as
“Dipnoi” came to live
Truncus arteriosus & sinus
venosus
=) BOM BIOLOGY KEY POINTS
=
(9a2._| In reptiles teeth are present except in
Special sound box is present in birds injunction of
Birds are amniotes and have all the four extra embyionic membranes
A fossil animal (named varanope) has been recovered ferom texas which
has 50%
hae Mammals become dominant in
— faa7_] Reptiles flourished in Mesozoic period
pie Modern reptiles are descendents of the Dinosaurs of jurrasic period195-136
million years back and Creraceous period
, (et in arthropods excretion takes place in insects in
In arthropods excretion takes place in crustacean in
Fest. Duis belongs to class
Echinodermata Bipinnaria
some annelids Trochopora
Hemichordata Lochidium
Mullusca(balanoglossus) _| Glochidiam larva
Amphibian Tadpole
BOM SERIES
Turtle and tortoise
T trachea and bronchi
Amnion, Chorion,
Yolk sac, Allontoise __
5 5 million years ; back
[ 225:
136-65 million years back
1 Malpighian tub
Green gland or
Crustacean
1 Circulatory system is of open type ina
phylum Arthropoda
xal gland
Grasshopper, spider and scorpion belongs to
phylum Arthropoda
‘Of human body leg muscles are not
Vestigial
[956. | ‘In hydra, planaria and earth worn the exchange of gases occur through the
General body surface
‘Tape worm has no
Liver fluke, planaria and round worm have.
Extra cellular digestion occurs in
Digestive tube
Digestive system
Grasshopper & Frog
Intestine
[-960._| The oesophagus of earthworm open in
Birds
961.
(962.
Alveoli are absent in
‘Sperm remain viable for years within female genital track of Bat
['963. | Opossumbelongsto "ys * Metatheria
| 964. _| Memetamerism is found in Bs Earth worm
[965._[ Penguin Bid af
[ger | eh
(ee present in spider and scorpion which are
a ‘All cell membranes are composed of -
D
- [975._[ influenza,
| 976. | The only human diseases known to be caused by viro
Reptiles
Protosome
Arthropods
Lipo protein
Four chambered ee |
cere ss |
intra and extra coy
Community
a Grassesconstitutea | =
ZOMDOLCCUNEX POINTS __noM SERIES
Bean Life
fe Cycle
Q: NS)
als ropetties thet affects the ‘Availability of nutrients
setae in soil Low pH
4
Tess available in solid with High pH
10% available at = High pH
at Low pH
Calcium & magnesium
6.0-6.5
Nepenthes of
Nephenthaceae
sarraceniaceae and
flypaper” or adhesive traps of sundews(drosera, | Gland tripped hairs
{Dorcere)
Stomata
Kidney/bean shaped
Dumb bell shaped
Thick and non-elastic
Thin and elastic
Free, not attached to each
‘walls of two guard cells around the pore are
other ~
femaleelissurrounding theguardcelisarecalied Subsidiary cells j
pore, guard cells and the subsidiary cells are called paratu :
[barkorhik
, accumulation of starch occur in [ 4005. | in mesophyll cells, degradation of starch occur in_ €
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