Learning Area Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Grade Level 12
W1-2 Quarter 4 Date
I. LESSON TITLE Data Analysis Method
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Gathers and analyzes data with intellectual honesty using suitable techniques.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Gathering and analyzing data with intellectual honesty using suitable techniques.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: 30 minutes)
Welcome to Quarter 4 of Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion!
In the previous weeks, you learned about understanding and ways to collect data along with the research design,
population and sampling method, and data collection procedure. This time, the lessons will help you familiarize the data
analysis method along with the intellectual honesty in research.
Moreover, it will give you guidance on the appropriate method in the analysis of data. It will enable you to think critically and
solve problems, organize, evaluate information, understand and manipulate data. It will guide beginner researchers to
investigate, communicate results, conceptualize framework of the research paper, and practice the research integrity and
intellectual honesty.
D. Development (Time Frame: 120 minutes)
Data Analysis Methods
The researcher reports the results in a manner that is faithful to the statistical findings without drawing broader conclusions
or meaning from them. Additionally, this section contains data summaries rather than the raw data (e.g., the actual scores for
individuals). A section on the results contains tables, figures, and detailed explanations of the statistical findings.
Similarly, once data has been gathered, the next step in research is to derive insights from it. For instance, if a clothing
brand wishes to ascertain the latest trends among young women, the brand will first contact young women and ask pertinent
questions. After collecting this data, the brand will analyze it for patterns.
Data analysis is the process by which researchers transform a mass of data into actionable insights. There are numerous
data analysis techniques available, depending on the type of research
Qualitative Data Analysis Methods
Numerous techniques exist for analyzing qualitative data. The most frequently used data analysis techniques are as follows:
1. Content analysis. This is one of the most frequently used techniques for analyzing qualitative data. It is used to analyze data
that has been recorded in the form of texts, media, or even physical objects. When to employ this technique is determined by
the research questions. Typically, content analysis is used to examine interviewee responses.
2. Narrative analysis. This technique is used to analyze content from a variety of sources, including respondent interviews, field
observations, and surveys. It is centered on the use of people's stories and experiences to respond to the research questions.
3. Framework analysis. This is a more sophisticated technique that entails several stages, including familiarization, identification
of a thematic framework, coding, charting, mapping, and interpretation.
4. Discourse analysis. As with narrative analysis, discourse analysis is used to examine human interactions. However, it focuses
on analyzing the social context in which the researcher and respondent communicated. Discourse analysis also considers the
respondent's daily environment and incorporates it into the analysis.
5. Grounded theory. This is a term that refers to the use of qualitative data to explain why a particular phenomenon occurred.
It accomplishes this by examining a variety of comparable cases in a variety of contexts and using the data to deduce causal
explanations. Researchers may modify or create new explanations as they study additional cases in order to arrive at an
explanation that fits all cases.
Quantitative Data Analysis Methods
The data is now ready for analysis following these steps. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are the two most
frequently used quantitative data analysis techniques.
1. Descriptive statistics. Absolute numbers are provided by descriptive statistics. They do not, however, explain the
rationale or reasoning behind those figures. Prior to utilizing descriptive statistics, it is critical to consider which type is most
appropriate for your research question and the information you wish to convey.
2. Inferential statistics. The researcher is attempting to draw conclusions based on more than just the immediate data.
For example, inferential statistics is used to infer what the population might think based on the sample data. Alternatively,
inferential statistics is used to make judgments about the likelihood that an observed difference between groups is significant
or that it occurred by chance in this study.
Intellectual Honesty in Research
Intellectual honesty is a problem-solving technique that is characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude that can be
demonstrated in a variety of ways, including the following:
1. Assuring that support for preferred ideologies does not obstruct the pursuit of truth;
2. Significant facts and information are not omitted on purpose, even when they contradict one's hypothesis;
3. The facts are presented objectively, without being twisted to create false impressions or to favor one point of view over
another; and
4. Wherever possible, references to previous work are acknowledged, and plagiarism is avoided.
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 240 minutes)
Learning Task 1: Test of Honesty!
Directions: Certain modes of communication may have an effect on your beliefs or decisions. These communications may take
the form of product advertisements, sales materials, blog posts, social media posts, news reports, medical advice, nutritional
advice, editorials, sermons, and appeals for support of a particular issue, organization, or cause; political speeches, books,
lectures, research reports, documentary films, rumors, or casual conversations. Complete the table below in accordance with
the modes of communication.
Column A Column B
Intellectually Honest Form of Misleading Form of
Communication Communication
Learning Task 2: Gather and Analyze!
Directions: Collect at least 5 data sets using interview method on the preference of housemates or neighbors for TV shows
and their reasons for their choice. Write down their opinions using the different stages of data analysis. Present a summary of
your findings. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the activity.
Learning Task 3: Explain and Justify
Directions: Explain and justify your thoughts on the given question below.
Why should researchers identify the data analysis method that is appropriate to your study?
Learning Task 4: Complete the Venn!
Directions: Give the differences and similarities of Qualitative and Quantitative data analysis using Venn diagram.
Qualitative Analysis Quantitative
Methods Analysis Methods
Learning Task 5: Time to Analyze!
Directions: Analyze and explain each question below.
What is interpretation of data referred to in research?
What are the ways to present the data gathered in your study?
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Generalization
Perhaps the most critical component of research is data analysis. Inadequate analysis produces inaccurate results that
jeopardize the research's authenticity and render the findings unusable. It is critical to carefully select your data analysis
techniques to ensure that your findings are insightful and actionable. When sharing ideas with others, practice moral virtue,
seek facts, increase respect, seek insights, and seek common ground. Due to the fact that false beliefs are frequently
harmful, we have a moral obligation to pursue true beliefs. Challenge dishonesty in yourself and other.
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 15 minutes)
(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Learning Task 6: Time to assess!
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which among the following terms is applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest
attitude?
A. Data analysis
B. Intellectual honesty
C. Qualitative data analysis
D. Quantitative data analysis
2. Cincy Merly wanted to conduct a study and she wants to go from a mass of data to meaningful insights. Which term
best describes it?
A. Data analysis
B. Intellectual honesty
C. Qualitative data analysis
D. Quantitative data analysis
3. Which of the following describes the interconnecting and linking the categories of codes?
A. Axial coding
B. Code
C. Initial coding
D. Theoretical coding
4. Peejay wanted to conduct a study using the first level of analysis, what method is most appropriate to use?
A. Data analysis
B. Data collection
C. Focused coding
D. Descriptive statistics
5. Which among the terms describes the process of making a word or a short phrase that represents a theme or an idea?
A. Analysis of data
B. Axial coding
C. Code
D. Theoretical coding
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)
● Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
In your journal, write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that ___________________.
I realize that ________________________.
I need to learn more about __________.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
- I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
- I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.
Los Angeles: Sage.
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Quarter 2 Module 1. DepEd Region V. Regional Center
Site, Rawis, Legazpi City 4500
Prepared by: PEEJAY G. GECOLEA , CINCY MERLY B. GECOLEA Checked by: ISABELITA R. HIZON
