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Barrie - Trower - SA 1 18 2

1) The document discusses different types of cell towers used for mobile networks including macrocells, microcells, and picocells of varying sizes that transmit signals in sectors. 2) Signals are transmitted in time slots with different channels within each slot, and several time slots make up a frame that is transmitted several times per second with one acting as a synchronization frame. 3) Scientists debate what constitutes a modulation versus a pulse and whether these transmissions could potentially interact with human biological rhythms and structures. 4) Transmissions can be directional or isotropic, analog or digital, and propagated electromagnetically at the speed of light, with innovations constantly updating network speeds and capabilities like location tracking and signal

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ALIN-MIHAI ȚENEA
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97 views1 page

Barrie - Trower - SA 1 18 2

1) The document discusses different types of cell towers used for mobile networks including macrocells, microcells, and picocells of varying sizes that transmit signals in sectors. 2) Signals are transmitted in time slots with different channels within each slot, and several time slots make up a frame that is transmitted several times per second with one acting as a synchronization frame. 3) Scientists debate what constitutes a modulation versus a pulse and whether these transmissions could potentially interact with human biological rhythms and structures. 4) Transmissions can be directional or isotropic, analog or digital, and propagated electromagnetically at the speed of light, with innovations constantly updating network speeds and capabilities like location tracking and signal

Uploaded by

ALIN-MIHAI ȚENEA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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sooner or later, combustible mixture of ignorance and power is going to blow up in our faces.

"
(Sagan, 2009).

Technology

The reader may presume that a 'microwave cell' is one tall transmitter; in fact it refers to a
hexagonal area with a transmitter at each apex. The size and shape of cells varies enormously,
ideally they would be a few square kilometres. Each transmitter will cover 120 degrees at one of
its three sectors. Sometimes there is a special requirement for additional coverage in buildings,
here, picocells are used. Bridging the gap between macrocells (tall transmitters) and picocells,
there are microcells which may be added, e.g. in high streets for shoppers.

Each transmitted Signal is cut-up into time slots. Different channels co-exist within each time slot. One of
these channels is an information carrying broadcast channel and others carry calls. Each tall macrocell
may have in excess of one hundred channels transmitting from each of its three sectors. Several time
slots are called a frame. Several frames are transmitted each second with one acting as a synchronisation
frame.

Carrier waves may be used to carry information which can be superimposed on them by modulation.
This would be video or audio data.

Scientists argue over what constitutes a modulation or pulse. A modulation is a superimposition


of data upon a carrier wave; modulations are usually connected with an infinitesimally thin thread
of 'energy'. A pulse has no such attachment to the following pulse. A reader may wonder why this
distinction is relevant. Some scientists blame pulsed microwaves for various biological reactions
within our cellular structures which they believe cause illness.

An opposing view is that these pulses are in fact modulations and will not cause such reactions.
Further arguments suggest that there is no biological difference between a frequency
modulated transmission or pulse when it comes to resonance with our cyclotronic and circadian
rhythms.

Transmissions may be directional or isotropic (equal in all directions), may be analogue (continuously
variable quantity e.g. spatial position) or digital (sometime called 'frequency modulated'). However, all
transmissions are electromagnetically propagated. In the world of nuclear and atomic physics, electronic
switches can make tens of millions of decisions a second and all transmissions travel at the speed of
light (roughly seven times around the World each second).

Transmissions can be increased, by possibly up to 40%, with side lobe technology.

Vector mathematics can demonstrate whether any of these transmissions are incident upon another
transmitted wave e.g. low frequency radio wave, as there can be a piggy-back effect (constructive
interference). It is argued (Curry undated) that this amplification of electromagnetic signal can pose
a health risk for those in close proximity to a transmitter.

Modern innovations evolve almost daily with this technology. Initially, networks offered a download speed
of roughly 350 kilobits each second with an upload speed of roughly 120 kilobits. Today, 100 megabits to
a gigabit are being mooted. This would allow a DVD to be downloaded in seconds.

The mobile network can now: transmit your energy usage to the required authority, provide the
location of vehicles, parcels being transported, switch frequencies if the one you require is
busy (Ashley 2006), focus on your position with phased-array antennas (Cooper 2003), even
track your movements as you 'log-on' to each new cell.

Possibly a more sinister use for this technology is the ability for all calls being transmitted to be
intercepted, logged and stored. According to one director of computer security (Hurst 2009) even if a

Barrie Trower, Botswana, April 2010 2

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