JEE Syllabus Basic Concepts Geometrical Representation of Complex Number De Moivre’s Theorem Concept of Rotation Geometrical Applications Answers to exercises Points to Ponder Solved Problems Assignment Problems Answers to Assignment ProblemsCOMPLEX NUMBER Algebra of Complex Numbers, modulus and argument, triangular inequality, cube roots of unity, BASIC CONCEPTS ‘A number in the form of a + ib, where a, b are real numbers and i = V=1 Is called a complex number. A complex number can also be defined as an ordered pair of real numbers a and b and may be written as. (a, b), where the first number denotes the real part and the second number denotes the imaginary part. If z = a + ib, then the real part of z is denoted by Re (z) and the imaginary part by Im(z). A complex number is said to be purely real if Im(z) = 0, and is said to be purely imaginary if Re(z) = 0. The complex number 0 = 0 + i0 is both purely real and purely imaginary. Two complex numbers are said to be equal if and only if their real parts and imaginary parts are separately equal i.e. a + ib = c + id implies c and b = d. However, there is no other relation between complex numbers that is of the type a + ib < (or >) ¢ + id Remark: = Clearly ?? = «In general, if” = 4, #1 =), (4? integer n. GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS : ‘A complex number z = x + iy, written as an ordered pair (x, y), can be represented by a point P whose Cartesian coordinates are (x, y) referred to axes OX and OY, usually called the real and the imaginary axes. The plane of OX and OY is called the Argand diagram or the complex plane. Since the origin O lies ‘on both OX and OY, the corresponding complex number z = 0 is both purely real and purely imaginary. ee Modulus and Argument of a Complex Number: We define modulus of the complex number z = x + iy to be the real number yx? +y? and denot by [z). It may be noted that |z| > 0 and |z| = 0 would imply that z = 0. J ee Ty ae if z= x-+ i, then angle @ given By tan@ =. Js said to be the argument or amplitude of the com ind is denoted by arg(z) or amp(2). In case of x=0 (where y + 0), arg(z) = + x/2 or é THEE House, 29-A, Kalu $273, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi “110 01 FuITa€€ ed, LIT? 1 Sa, Sarcnria Vihar New Del 140 016, Ph 46106000, 26569493, Fax 26513942 =>. a) number z 2eer Algebra of Complex Numbers, modulus and argument, triangular inequality, cube roots of unity. BASIC CONCEPTS A number in the form of a + ib, where a, b are real numbers and i = /=1 is called a complex number. A complex number can also be defined as an ordered pair of real numbers a and b and may be written as (a, b), where the first number denotes the real part and the second number denotes the imaginary part. If z = a + ib, then the real part of z is denoted by Re (z) and the imaginary part by Im(z). A complex number is said to be purely real if Im(z) = 0, and is said to be purely imaginary if Re(z) = 0. The complex number 0 = 0 + {0 is both purely real and purely imaginary. Two complex numbers are said to be equal if and only if their real parts and imaginary parts are separately equal i.e. a + ib = c + id implies a = c and b = d. However, there is no other relation between complex numbers that is of the type a + ib < (or >) ¢ + id. (no net =1. In general, i integer n. PTET Se Ty ‘A complex number z = x + iy, written as an ordered pair (x, y), can be represented by a point P whose Cartesian coordinates are (x, y) referred to axes OX and OY, usually called the real and the imaginary axes, The plane of OX and OY is called the ‘Argand diagram or the complex plane. Since the origin O lies ‘on both OX and OY, the corresponding complex number z = 0 on both OX ane js both purely real and purely imaginary. Modulus and Argument of a Complex Number: We define modulus of the complex number z = x + ly to be the real number fx by [2 It may be noted that [a] > 0 and lz = 0 would Imply that z = 0, Ifz =x + iy, then angle 0 given Peon? = z is said to be the argument or amplitude of the compl number z and is denoted by arg(z) or amp(z). In case of x=0 (where y # 0), arg(z) = + ni2 or IEE House, 29-A, Kalu S4a, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi 10 O16, Ph 46 om FIITIEE Led, FLITIEE House, 1 Sa, Saeanriva Vita, New Delhi 110016, Ph 46106000, 26560403, Fax 26313042system of equations cos The ye ural Of @ Complex number is not unique. If 0 is a argument of a complex number, then ae (n integer) is atso argument of z for various values of n. The value of @ satisfying thy quality —= <0 < xis called the Principal value of the argument. z ae fom figure 1, we can see that OP = Jx? + y? |z| and if © = ZPOM, then tano = yx. In other words |z| is the length of OP i ©. the distance of point z from the origin and arg(z) is the angle which Trigonometric (or Polar) form of a Complex Number: Let OP =r, then x =rcos 0, andy =rsin 9 lee an Y= 1608 8 + ir sin @ =r ( cos 0 +i sin 6 ). This is known as Trigonometric (6r Polar) form of a Complex Number. Here we should take the principal value of 6. For general values of the argument 2-1 Loos ( Zn + 6) isin (2nn #6) 4 (where h fe anntegen), Students should note that sometimes cos 6 + isin Qi, in short, written as cis(8). Euler's formula: cos 6 +i sin 9 = Remark: = Method of finding the principal value of the argument of a complex number z = x+iy i Step I: Find tan = if and this gives the value of @ in the first quadrant. Step Il: Find the quadrant in which z lies, with the help of sign of x and y co-ordinates, Step Ill: Then argument of z will be 6, x - 0, 6 - m, and -0 according as z lies in the first second, third or fourth quadrant Mustration 1. For z= vi, find the principal value arg(2). Solution: Here x = V3, y=—1 tand i | t = aia0-8 v3] 6 & | (Since z lies in the fourth = Principal value of arg FIITSEE Lta,, FLITIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi 110 O16] Website : www-filtiee.comSSMA1315-P3-MA-Complex Number = Unimodutar Complex Number: A complex number: z:for which jz) =1 ig Said to be cree cilar complex number. Since zl = 1, 2 lies on a Circle of radius 1 unit and centre (0, 0) Whl=1 >2= cos0+isino, > V2 = (cos 0 + i sind)" = cos 0 i sind. Algebraic Operations with Complex Numbers: = Addition (a + ib) + (ctid) = (a + 0) +i(bea) S Subtraction: (a + Ib) <(ctid) = (a0) +1(b -€) "Multiplication —: (a+ ib) (ctid) = (ac bd) + i (ad + be) = Division ab (when at least one of ¢ and d is non-zero) cvid =(eerbd) bc ~ id) © Cad eae Geometrical meaning of Addition and Subtraction: Let 2; = xy + iy, and z2 = xz + iys be two complex numbers represented by the points P,(x;, y;) and P(x, y2) respectively. By definition z, + 22 should be represented by the point P(x: + x, ys+ ys). This point P is the vertex which completes tp parallelogram OP;PP2 with the line omer, joining the origin with P; and P2 as the adjacer sides = [21 +221 = OP. Poxstxs. yey) "cevls eS LY. (oF G X12, Vira) P'2(-X2, -Ya) i Q int (X;~ Xa, yr Y2). This point is the vertex represented by the point (x: ~ Xa Ys Ya - P, and P- Also by definition 2; - Z2 es piel OP;QP, with the line segments joining the origin with P; 2 z the parallelog which completes 5 a ee P. ; the point ~z» can be obtained by producing the directed line P;O it Za, point P’2 represents - Z| = OQ= PP; (where the jacent sides => [21 - Za hy the adjacen by length |Zel) as itd side and difference of any jarks: sides is greater than the third side ar Rem 7 sum of any two. A = Inany triangle, the third side; we have Si so ale here equality hols Perens se @ ees Soo wal bape of its sides is equal to i) sz $ azelinere oe = ne ag OP eran of its diagonals : ie. ) see aes Relaynzshealznt +22 F aNumber Geometrical Meaning of Product and Division: Let 21= r(c080;+ i sind), 22 = r(cos 0, + i sind) be complex numbers represented by Q and , () Construction for the Point Representing the Product Zizat Let L be the point on OX which represents unity, so that OL Br Dram the triangle OQ:P directly similar to the triangle OLQ; making 2LOQ; = 2Q,0P and ZOLQ, = Z0Q,P. Then point P Frepresents the product ZZ Explanation: Due to similar triangles oP 2 0a, OL ’ Also 2Q,0P = £100, = 6; = ZLOP=0, +0, Since 2,2, =r1r2 {cos(a, + 62) + isin (0; + 62) }, P represents ZZ. (ii) Construction for the Point Representing the Quotient z,/z,: Draw the triangle OQ,P directly similar to the triangle OQ2L. Then P represents the quotient z,/2.. Explanation: OQ OP, From the last construction, 0a, OL op= a “A also 2Q,OL = 0; and 2Q,0P = 6, [22 | 2 -. ZPOL = 0; - 65 : z, OP(z) 4 (cos (0, ~ 82) +isin(@,~8,)) = 2 fe 2 EZ => number represented by P = ay 2 Remark: = If21= ty (cos @; +i sin 6) , and 22 = rp (cos 6, + i sin 6,), then Ziz2 = ryt e%*%) ang Ft 4 ol) Hence 2,2. a fal 2 fel ae ‘ m arg(z1z2).= 0; + 6 = arg(z;) + arg(z2) ' oo) = 0; ~ 0 = arg(z;) — arg(z,) 2 et Z; = x; + iy; be the given complex number and we have to 0 ptx + ly = (x1 + iy)” > x? y+ Dixy =x,xy andy, = 2xy = x’ 4y4 I vil ys 510 Scones NM prosxeaf lM, yan = ety ( (Re()elai) EERE) = eae Itys<0 = zl Seles sone afl 2%, ya % may =3((EGPED [aT 2 Mlustration 2. Find the square root of 8 - 15). Solution: Here y = -15 <0 = tae [FRCP JETRO). + a, B An Alternate Method to find the square root of a complex number is as follows: (i) If the imaginary part is not even then multiply and divide the given complex number by 2. a e.g z = 815i, here imaginary part is not even so write zt (16 - 30 i) and let a+ib=16— 301. Now divide the numerical value of imaginary part of a + ib by 2 and let quotient be P and find all possible two factors of the number P thus obtained and take that pair in which difference of squares of the numbers is equal to the real part of a + ib. e.g. here numerical of (ii) value Im(16 — 30 i) is 30 . Now 30 = 2 x 15. All possible way to express 15 as a product of two are 1x15, 3x65, etc. here 5? — 3° = 16 = Re (16 — 30i) so we will take 5, 3. (ii) Take i with the smaller or the greater factor aocording as the real pat of a+ ibis postive or negative and if real part is zero then take equal factors of P and associate i with any one of them. e.g. Re(16 ~ 30)) > 0, we will take | with 3. Now complete the square and write down the square root of z, €.9- et z= lt 301] = [5 +(3i)? -2x5x3i] = 515-3] Ss ee 1 . ge Solving Complex Equations: be solved by putting z= a + ib in the equation and equating the ton the R.H.S and the imaginary part on the L.H.S with Simple equations in z may on the L.H.S with the reai pal part on the RH.S. “Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi -140 016, Ph 46106000, 26569493, FuiTgee Lad, FIFTIEE House 29-A, Kali $373 $31 vn rem— RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number Mustration 3. Solve for z1.e., find all complex numbers z which satisfy jz? - 2iz + 20(1+ i) =0 where c is rea), Solution: Put z= a + ib then a? + b? - 2ai + 2b + 20 + 2ci = 0 > (a° +b? + 2b + 20) + (20-24) =0 > a? +b? + 2b +2c=Oand2c-2a=0-—>a Nowb?+ 2b + (7+ 2c)=0= b= -4 aVj_ Since bis teal, 1-26-c?>0 => ce[4-V2, 4 42] SZ=04+i(14Vi- 20-07) Solution of the given equation does not exits foro ¢ {1 V2, -1 4/2 I Conjugate of a Complex Number: Imaginary axis The conjugate of the complex number 2 = a + ib is defined as a - ib and is denoted by. In other words 3 ie the mirror image of z in the real axis, W2=a+ib,z+zZ=2a (real), 2-Z= 2 ib (imaginary ) and zz = ( atib)(a-ib) = a? + b? (real )= lz? Hem Also Re (z) = a purely imaginary reer 20 30 = 14 MS ER Mele ET ciara iii) _ Find the squre root of 8-6 ST Ta Conjugate: 4 Ye [s242, = fe ez fel= [21 the 2 Ue ox Z+ Z=2Re(z) urea . . = z-Z=2ilm(z) . . Ifz is purely real z= 2 Ifz is purely imaginary z = -2 2 = 2z4zP /29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi FUITSEE Ltd, FLITIEE House,29-A, Kalu Saral, rien dane baliIn general, 423 Footy = B48, 4.42, = 372 +%-2, © 2m Bz, In general 242525 = Ifa = f(2), thena = f(z) =f (2), where a = f(z) is a function in complex variable with real Coefficients. In other words if (x + iy) = a + ib then f(x —ly) = a ib. Explanation: UNG)" ao Sz toes smote taal time gene ee te ee complex number. Then f(@)= ap +a,z+0, (2)? +a,(Z) + 4a, (2)" = 8) +ayz4 0,2" + agz +... 4 a,2". Modulus: = iI=0 > z=o+i0 = [2;~z2| denotes the distance between 2; and 2). = -l2| < Re(z) < |z| ; equality holds on right or on left side depending upon z being purely : Positive real or negative real. -l2| < Imz < ||; equality holds on right side or on left side depending upon z being purely imaginary and above the real axes or below the real axes. \2 FI < IRe(2)] + [Im(z)] < v2 |z|; equality holds on left side when z is purely imaginary or purely real and equality holds on right side when |Re(2)| = |Im(2)}. = |zP=zz = [zsZal = [211 lz2l In general [2s 22... Zol = 2s) [2a lal = [2'|=(2!",nel lz] al ae | + [zal [znl; equality holds if origin, and the les + [2el = [2+ Zot. + Zal $ al * Bal + + [els equality holds i = ea i Y 24, Z2) Zs, ««+1 Zn are collinear and are on the same side of the origin. . Q = Zs) > [zl ~ [all ; equality holds when arg(zy/za) = 0 i.e. origin and points represented d re collinear and are on the same side of the origin. pe ae es 823) (25+ Za) ke + la #2122 #22217 t+ ba + 2Ro(e 2.) Ae 4 (2 Zz : # me ra eA = Za) = [2il? + (al? ~ 2122 22Z1= [eal + [eal - 2Re(2s Za) = lz-zh= Argument: ee = (22) = arg(zizZ2) = 0; + 02 = arg(2i) + arg we arg (2/22) = 04 ~ 2 = argles)~ Arata) ") = narg(z), nel sono Tow Delhi “110 016, Ph 46106000, 26569493, riya Vihar, FIITIee Lid, FITTIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Sara, Sarvapriva Vihar, New evnRage RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number Note: i ie = In the above result 0, + 0, or 0; — 0, are not necessarily the principal values of the argument of corresponding complex numbers. e.g arg(z") = n arg(z) only shows that one of the argument of 2" is equal to n arg(z) (if we consider arg(2) in the principle range)tt (i) arg(z) = 0, x = zisa purely real number => z e (i) arg(z) = n2, -112 = zis a purely imaginary number => z= -Z Note that the property of argument is the same as the property of logarithm. Complex Numbers Represented By Vectors : It can be easily seen that multiplication by real numbers of a complex number is subjected to the Same rule as the vectors. The addition or the subtraction of two complex numbers is also the same as the addition or the subtraction of two vectors. This fact is fundamental in theory and very useful in Practice, I should be noticed that if a number z is represented by points P and OP by a vectorOP, then [zis the length OP and arg(2) isthe angle which the directed line OP makes with directed OX Flease note that ifz= 2+ ly and P is the point (x, y), a one-to-one correspondence exists between the number z and any of the following : (i) the point P; (ji) the displacement OP ; (iii) the vector ( or directed length )OP Any one of these three things may therefore be said to represent z, or to be represented by z. Mustration 4. For any three complex numbers 21, z: and 2, prove that ZpltM( Zp 23) + Zolm(Z; 21) + Zlm(Z, 2) = 0. Solution: As Im(z) = Fe = 2) = Zilm(2Z 25) + Zalm(Z, 21) + zalm(Z, 22) 1 > = 5 = >. pls (2225 —22%) +25 (22, 25%) +25 (B25 ~2%,)) et: ss = - > 5 a © py (2222s ~ 220% + 2)% 2; ~ 29252, + 242 2) ~2524%)) =O. Mustration 5, Consider a quadratic equation az* +bz +c =0 where a, b, c, are complex numbers. Find the condition that the equation has () one purely imaginary root (i) _—_one purely real root (ii) two purely imaginary roots ('v)_—_two purely real roots Solution: (i) Let2,( purely imaginary) be a root of the given equation => 2; = -z, and_az;* + bz; +c ea) = az? + bz, +c =0 = az? +bz,+0=0 = 82) -bz,4+6=0 (as %=-2,) —.., (2) Now (1) and (2) must have one common root, FUTIEG Lal, FLITIEE House,20-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi 110 O16) Ph 46106000, 26568493, Fux 26513942 Website : www.flitjee.comMustration 6. zs 4 1 (ve +b) _(ca-a8y (be+eb) (8-26) (ab +ab) ~~ (ab +a) (ab + aby = (bé + cb) (ab + ab) + (ca-as)? <0 (ii) Let 2 ss we a purely real ) be a root of the given equation and_az,? + bz, d i = ze nig bz, +0 =O => az? +bz,+e=0 => 82,7 +bz,+¢ (as %=2) (2) Now (1) and (2) must have one common root. 1 a=) b) Required condition is (bé —cb)(ab - ab) +(ca-ac)’ = 0 (ii) Let, and zp be two purely imaginary roots then. ay Bate Now az*+bz+c (a) = az? +bz+E=0 = az? bz +e => az -bz+e=0 eet) Equation (1) and (2) must be identical as their root are same fae ab) (iv) Let 2; and zo be two purely real roots then 2,=2) 22 =22- In this case az +bz+c=0 (1) = az’ +bz+e = az +bz+e (2) Equation (1) and (2) must be identical, as their root are same => = 25 be three distinct complex numbers satisfying |21 - 1\ = [2z-1| =z -1|. Let A, B, ted in the Argand plane corresponding to 2; 22 and 23 3 if and only if ABC is an equilateral triangle. Let 21, 22 ‘and C be the points represent respectively. Prove that 2)*Z2+zZs = Solution: Jar AN = leet = \zs-11 = The point correspo tre of the AABC = Piis the circumcen 42,425 = 3 then the point corresponding to centroid ding to 4(say P) is equidistant from the points A,B and ©. ofthe AABCis 1*22*%3 =4 Now if 2+ ide => A ABC is equilateral e and centroid coinci |, then centroid is the same as ‘ABC is equilateral ig 2t22t%3 24> atmte=s Ae +2 . Hence centroid 3 jrcumcent : Fee s the circumeentre i.e. P. Conversely if 4 7-110 016, Ph 46106000,ene 0 RSM~1315-P3-MA-Complex Number If z; and z, are two complex numbers such that |z;— z,| = llzd = [zall, then find the value of arg z;— arg z:. i) tx =— 5 + 2-4, find the value of x‘ + 9x’ + 35x — x + 4, ai) Show that \(22 + 5)(/2 -1)| = /3|22+5), where zis a complex number. Tv) If z, and zz are two complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2| + |z1 - za]. Show that arg 2;— arg z2= 2nz,n el, WETS CE fis any integer, then (cos0 + i sin@)" = cosnd + isinn9. This is known as De Moivre’s Theorem. Remarks: = Writing the binomial expansion of (cos 0 + isin 6)” and equating the real part to cosnd and the imaginary part to sin n 6 , we get cosn@=cos"@- " c, cos Asin? 6+ " c, cos” Osin* 0 +..... sinn@ =" c, cos” @sind- " c, cos* @sin® 6+ ° cs cos"-® asin’ 6.. nChenOeG ial Onan oP stan no = 1Cxtand= ".G, tan? 6+ °C, tan? = ° G, tan! 0+ 1 "Cy tan? 6+ " C, tant 0 "Cy tan® d+. = If nis rational number, then one of the values of (cosd+isin6)"is cosn6+ i sinnd. Let n = piq, where p and q are integers (q > 0) and p, q have no common factor. Then (cos @ + i siné)" has q distinct values, one of which is cosné + i sinnd. = Ifz=r(cos0 + sind ), and nis a positive integer, then zn = 0 [cos BE jj Sue 4, k=042.00-4 7 Here it can be noted that any ‘n’ consecutive values of k will serve the purpose. Applications of De Moivre’s Theorem: This is a fundamental theorem and has various applications. Here we will discuss few of these which are important from the examination point of view. The n® Root of Unity: Let x be nth root of unity. Then 1+10 =cos0° +isin0° =cos(2kn +0) +isin(2kn +0) (where k is an integer) = cos 2kn + isin 2kr 2” Then the nth roots of unity are a! n (t=0,12,...n-1), ie, the nth roots of unity are 1,<,2°,.. 2 Lot gesicos sal Hous Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, FIITSEE Led,, FIITIEE House, 29-4, sere enRSM~1315-P3_MA-Com| 4 Sum of the Roots: Vtatate.sohte Thus the sum of the roots of unity is zero. Product of the Roots: a(n) tS cee, ) = cos{n(n- 1)} + | sin{x(n - 1)} Hniseven, a 2 (rt) Wnisodd,a 2 =4 g Remarks : = The points represented by the ‘n’ nth roots of unity are located at the vertices of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a unit circle having centre at the origin, one vertex being on the positive real axis (Geometrically represented as shown). [> Cite roots of unity : ig For n = 3, we get the cube roots of unity and they are 4, cos2® +i sin2® and cosM® +1 sin“® ie. 1, 3 3 3 3 ss - X ea and 1=NS.. They are generally denoted 5 by 1, @ and @* and geometrically represented by the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose circumcentre is the origin and circumradius is unity. re (i) o'=1and1+@+o =0 (i) 10 +o =3 (nis a multiple of 3) (ii) 1 #0" +0" =0 (nis an integer, not a multiple of 3) Mustration 7. Solve the equation z’ + 1 = 0 and deduce that a Gp be bneal cos St, a (i) cos— F cos 7-cos = ru (il) cost eas 7.c0s oe A 2 3m Sn ; 3n 5m 4 2 tan? 3 tan? OE (ii) sin aos sin 7 805" (w) tan? an? fa Solution: Ze a. Where a= cost +isin> sag The roots are —1, 0, 0, @» @, & Vihar, New Delhi 110 016, Ph 464 1 wr jee. com Pande Led FEFTIEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Serene Ve42 RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complox Number cos + isin St 7: Te 638 4 18in 3%, a? 7 Now 2741 = (z4#1)( za) (2-4) 2 °) (2-0) (2-a"\(z a) 7 2th fe? (a4 z+ 6} on. (2? —(a5 4 a) +a%a} zt 2 (2B 42h 28 422-244) -(2 22 cos Fiz 22 cos Fi)(zt -20 co0 F +} Isincoa+ & =2cos", aa =1] 7 A +4 zPez 2h? 78 ' ® ; 220085 +4 2 ~2r008 44 222008 44 We get, 8x° — 6x ~4x? + 2+ 2x -1 = a(x e005 )(x-0828)(- cos) Or, 8x? 4x? 4x +1 = 8(x- 0085 | x-cos 2) (x cos) eal 008, cos 2 and cos 2 are the roots of the equation 8x? — 4x?— 4x + 1= 0 ~. Product of roots = -3 3x Sx ie B. ae Te kg Saco (ii) Putting x =~ 1 in (2), we get =8= 4+4412-0/1+ cost irons ooee) 23m. 2 bs 3n 5 = = 008) — Aue cos cos cos or, 7 B'cos* cos? 7 rari since o<, 2% One , reject the -ve sign 14) 14" 44 <> , we reject the -ve sigr FUTIEE Ltd, FIITIEE House,29-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, Website : www.fll8 F008 SH og SF = MT 14 8 (il) Putting x = 4 in (2), we get, 8-4-4414 8(x-cos2)(x-cos [ vf 2 Sm 2 Sm m 3m Fa aq Oh sing sin sin oe Tm ie) wea" 3n,5n_4 ~ sin sin sino 4 14° 14-8" (iv) “i have (1), or, 1= 8*sin? ao Since 0< we reject the -ve sign 7 — ? — 220085 «1)( 2 - 220088 42? 220085 +1) mG) zt a v Letz= 1+ ey 4=tan? = «Ba 22c0s21 = (2) -o 22) Se G cy 1-9)! 44-tan? & 14 a 2 ue (tay?) (ttn? A)-2lt-y J z) A a See re lays - Equating coefficient of y* fro icone rer m both sides, we get Vihar, New Delhi -110 016, Ph 46106000, 265 iu Saral, Sarvapriy® ch arse Led, FUFTIEE House 29-4 Kala S28 var(iii) Putting x = 1 in (2), we get, 8-4-4+1-8 a{x- cos® 5x cos $8)(x-cos 5) 0 K gp? 3% 2 Sk 3n 5% = 8 sin? sin? sin? © or, sin sin == sino 4 ae 4 414 14 or, 5 Since 0< 7, we reject the -ve sign sin sin 3 sin = 4 148° es fearees noma a (iv) tan tan tan a Vesa We have (1), 7 z # -(22 220088 +1)(2 = 22008 5% ale - 22008 +1) (3) 7 i 7 4 z+ Letz= —* a 5 3 3) ee 18 cost Hos! Stoos Hy tan? Telly? tant a ae ta 1-y) Se a ot oy Ty th sides, we get Equating coefficient of y‘ from bot 2c 2 3 St tan? = Het 4) =7( ta ate {aiid 2am. . tan’ ee + tan qc ie 7265 “inar, New Delhi 110 016, Ph 46106000, Trouser k Kasra Servaptiya Via MeenaIf z mi OSs the anal through which Oz' must be tured in order that it may lie along Oz. 14 RSM~1315-P3-MA-Complox Number Logarithm of Complex Number: In order to find log(x + iy), we write log(x + iy) =a + Ib =x tly =e**" = @* [cosh + isinb] = e°(cos(2kn+b) + i sin(2kr+b)) 2-6" cos(2kn+b) = x and e* sin(2kn+b) = y Solve for aandb, -. 6% = x24 y2 1 OF a= 5 In(x? + ¥7), tan(2km+b) = (y/x). When k = 0, Corresponding values of a and b are refered to as principle values Method to Find (x + iy)**” ; For evaluating (x + iy)"*” we write, Ct id= (x + iyyr?> * log(o + id) = (a + ib). log(x + iy) Now evaluate log (x + iy) and then solve o + id = el@*®!0i+, Mlustration 8, if z= (1+i tan a)", then find the magnitude of z. Solution: (141 tana)'*! = el: In(*i tana) — 6 (14).n(0! cos a) = ofttiNia-n cosa) @-(a#incosa}+ (a-incosa) + [z| = e(arincosa)_ Find the integral solution of the equations: @) (1+9 = 1-9", (b) Itx,= cos + ising, prove that x;x2X3... 44 a, B are the roots of the equation x*- 2x + 4 = 0, prove that a+ p= 2" cos ne if a and f are the complex cube roots of unity, z and z! are two complex numbers then argument of Ble* _ Fl ew) _ ei [FIITAEE Ltd, FIETIEE House,29-A, Kalu Saral,Sarvapriya Vihar, New Del Alo Website : wwwcfiltje.com show that a‘+pt+ap*z9, Le TLRSM~1315-P3-MA-Complex Number In general, let 21, za, zs, be the three vertices of a Y triangle ABC described in the counter-clock wise sense. Draw OP and OQ parallel and equal to AB and AC respectively, Then the point P is 2, ~2) and 2~2; and tern) 0Q Sp (00Sa. +isina) 22-z, OP cA BAe Ze 2A 20 Note that arg. (zs - 21) — arg(z2 - 23) = «is the angle through which OP must be rotated in the anti- Clockwise direction so that it becomes parallel to 00. Here we can write 2821 _ 123-411 22 -%1 2-2, direction by an angle (2n - a). Since the rotation is in clockwise direction, we are taking negative sign with angle (2x - «) e'2*) also. In this case we are rotating OP in clockwise Mustration 9. Consider an ‘n’ sided regular polygon with the origin as it's centre. If 2; be the complex number representing a vertex A,, of the polygon, find the complex number associated with the vertex that is adjacent to A;. Solution: Vertex adjacent to A; is either Az or Ay. Let 22 and z, represent the vertices Az and Ay respectively. Considering the rotation about the origin, we get 2nin Hace: numbers 21, 22 Z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively ofan isosceles right angled triangle with right angle at C. Show that (21— 2)? = (2-23) (2~ 20) Solution: is In the isosceles triangle ABC, AC = BC ion BC. and BCLAC. It means that AC is rotated through angle 1/2 to occupy the posit have. Zz 23 ave, 2 ae Ae BIZ.) 2 = Bad 22 =a te ee) : = 22 ify 222 => 22 +25 - 2242p = Pits 4 22), ~22i2p — 223 = 2(2, -25)2a ~22) 2 Aenea) = (2) ~22)? = 221-2 Ka ~72)RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number 16 cece Mustration 11. : Let z, and z; be the roots of the equation z* + pz + q = 0, where the ieee Pandq may be complex number. Let A and B represent z; and z2 in the complex plane. If [e's(Z2 ~ 25) + 20'(25 —21)] = [2a'(Z2 -2:)] = [2'(22~23)| * [2o'(Zs — 24) 2 [222 —24)] Z-% zh 3 | 2 >Wf 22422 +2,z,c0s0=0, prove that the points represented by z1, Z, and the origin form an isosceles triangle. il) 1 A,B,C represent the complex numbers z, Z2 23 respectively on the complex plane and the angles at B and C are each equal to ie a), then prove that (22 — 23)" = 4(z5~ 21)(21- 22) sin? a/2. Section Formula: Let z; and z, be any two complex numbers representing the Alz) points A and B respectively in the argand plane. Let C be the point dividing the line segment AB internally in the ratio m : n AC _m eC BC ~ 77 and let the complex number associated with point Chez. Let us rotate the line BC about the point C so that it becomes parallel to CA, The corresponding ie. za) <2 yod equation of rotation will be, == fama en M4) wer Weed on May + my men > nz;~nz=—mz,+mz >Z= ay ~ mi Similarly if C(2) divides the segment AB externally in the ratio of m:n, then 2= mo f 242, In the specific case, if C(z) is the mid point of AB then z = —>—*.. Mustration 13. : if zs, 2: and 2 (in anticlockwise sense) represents the vertices of @ triangle, find the centroid, incentre, circumcentre and the orthocentre of the triangle. Az) Solution: se Let G be the centriod and let the line joining A and G meet the line BC at the point D. We have, BD= DC pe 228 2 G divides AD internally in ratio2:1 Be D C2) 2(z2 +23) A es 24% 2 4%+% (2) oon ee 2 spe and lt the ne connecting A.and | mest he ine BG at Ws be the BD, AB_ 12-22! DC 12-231zs) ang Al _AB+AC _ |2;~-z)1+12;-25] x ID, BC 12, -Z3 1 =, = 2141-25 1425 121-Z)| 12 ~z [+] z,—2Z5 | and 1 Sem ltls ziinle 2 2-2, 1+ 12, —25 | +] 2, -Z5 Bi Dy C % |Z ~25 [429 12) —24 | 425 I co) 1) 12) ~22 1+12,~25 |+] zz | Let'0 be the circum-centre and let the line connecting A ofc! Oost tte ea CEeay A(z) We have 802 _ sin2c D.C sin2B AO _ sin2B + si and AO _ sin28 +sin2c a a oD, sin2a 22 sin2B +z, sin2c => D, = 228iN2B +z, sin2c o* singB+sinze and = De(8in28 +sin2c)+z,sin2A _ 2, sin2A +2, sin28 +2, sin2C sin2A+sin28+sin20_~ — sin2A+sin2B+sin20 Let 'P' be the orthocentre and let the line connecting the points A and P meet the line BC and Ds, A(z; We have, BPs _ tanc Re D.C ~ tanB ang AP _ tanC+tanB PD, tana = Dy =221anB +25 tanc tanB + tan D, (tanB + tanC)-+z, tana and p= Dal Dz Biz.) Ds Clea) tan A+ tanB + tanc = 21tanA +z, tanB +z, tanC " tanA+tanB+tanc Condition for Collinearity: If there are three real numbers (other than 0) J, m and n such /+m +n=0 then complex numbers z;, 22 and 23 will represent colli Equation of a straight line: = Equation of straight line with the help of coordinate geometry : ZHI AEST Y-yy Writing x ===, y = == ete, in YM _ and re-arranging terms, we find that gre E Ye-Vr y—% "ENCES ea the equation ofthe line through z; and 2 is given by BeRSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number = Equation of a straight line with the help of rotation formula: Let A(z;) and B(z2) be any two points lying on any Az) line and we have to obtain the equation of this line, For this purpose let us take any point C(z) lying on this line. This is the equation of the line that passes through A(z;) and B(zz). After rearranging the oan terms, it can also be put in the following form,|z, Z, 1 | =0. ee) General equation of the line : From equation (1) we get, z(Z) ~Z)— 22) + 212) = Z(22 ~21) —Zite +212 = 2(% -%)+2(% -2p) +229 -%1% =O Here 2,2) ~ 2,2, Is a purely imaginary number as 2)2, ~ 2,22 =2i Im(2,22)- Let Zz -22)=ib, be R = 2(% -%)+2(; -z)+ib=0 = 2i(Z - 2) + A(z -2,) +b=0 (2-2) Let a=i(z2—21) => @ => Z@+Za+b=0 This is the general equation of a line in the complex plane. Slope of agiven line: Let the given line be za + Za +b = 0.. Replacing z by x + iy, we get (x +iya +(x-ly)atb=0>(atayx+iy(a-a)+b=0. a+a _ 2Re(a) __Re(a) 2? im(a) —_m(a) line za +Za+b=0 is za+za+r=0 It's slope is aiaee) Equation of a line parallel to the I (where 2 is a real number). Equation of a line perpendi (where 2 is a real number). cular to the line za+Za+b=Oisza-za+i 4=0 Bisector: PQ) Equation of Perpendicular Cansider a line segment joining A(z) and B(z,). Let the line ‘L’ be it's perpendicular bisector point on the ‘L’, we have If P(2) be any PA = PB => [2-411 = 2-221 oie-ait =le-za ae S@-n (2-2) (z-2)(2-%) = Zh -Zzh + 2p2o +242 ~2Z2% = 9 = Z-2,-2eth= 2 u(%-4) +2224) —aprva Vihar, Now Delhi 110 016, Ph 46106000, 2656 gra Fale Bra Saran IYRSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Numb "= Distance of a given point from a given line: Let the given line be za + Za +b = 0,, and the given point be 2 Say 2. = x. + iVe. Replacing z by xtiy, in the given equation, we get, x(a +a) + iy(a—a)+b=0 Distance of (Ke, y.) from this line is, [xc (@+8) +iy, (@-a) +b) * "9 (2 ~ 2) = 0 represents a line passing through z» with slope tand. (making angle 0 with the Positive direction of x-axis) Mlustration 14, 't|z| = 1, then prove that the points represented by A “ie on one or other of two fixed perpendicular straight lines. Solution: Since |2| = 1. z lies on a unit circle having centre at the origin. where k is a real parameter and its value depends upon the position of z. Leta= [2 a= VR olor Jk om “ae [ena 3 = a. lies on one or other of the two perpendicular lines, Mustration 15. Let bz +bz=c, b +0 be aline in the complex plane, where B is the complex conjugate of ». If 18 the reflection ofa point ze through the line, then show that ¢ = Z,b + zb. Solution: es The givenline bz+bz =c, cai b = 0 is the perpendicular bisector of the line Joining the points z; and zp. Then |z-2)|?= (-2,)(2-2,) 2(Z_ ~%)* Z(e2-21)* sl - [2el? =0 ...(2) (1) and (2) are the same. Therefore b b c K(say) FUTSEE Led, FLITIEE House 29-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Website: www.filtjee315-P3-MA-Compl 2 Now bz, + bz, -¢= zy + bz - C= K(Za-25)Z, + kZa(Z, ~ 2) - k(lzal- lzsl) st = [205 -les +e 2% -lPaf’ +[zuf | = O= bz, +b2, =0 If \z| = 2, then show thi , it lisotaictioa: 1at the points representing the complex numbers ~1 + 5z z= Ww 2+¢+1N3—t , whore t is real and f? <3, show that the modulus of 21 1 is ind en fependent of t, Also show that the locus of the points z for different jes of tis a circle and finds its centre and radius. Equation of a Circle: Consider a fi Rebs pouch it Zo and let z be any complex number which moves in such a way 7 lways equals to ‘r’. This implies z would lie on a circle wh and radius r. And it's equation would be [2-2 i paciele yhonacerre 6 = lz -Zol? = 1? = (2 ~20)(Z— Zp) = 1? => 22 - zy ~ 22 + 22 - as OS P =b=> @+az+az+b=0. Let—a=zp and 252) It represents the general equation of a circle in the complex plane. Remark: = 2Z+az+az+b-=Orepresents a circle whose centre is -a and radius is Vv Thus zz +aZ +z +b =0, (b < R) represents a real circle if and only if aa—b>0. = Nowlet us consider a circle described on a line segment Piz) AB, (A(z;), B(z2)) as its diameter. Let P(z) be any point on the circle. As. the angle in the semicircle is x2, ZAPB = l2 Az) B22) 2-21 ig purely imaginary = ae SG Ne 2): ee eee given complex numbers and z be any Z-2, = Let z; and Zz be two ZZ complex number such that, an = } a, where ae(0, 7). 2 i fig. (1) Then ‘2’ would lie on an arc of segment of a circle on 2122, Be) learly if « € (0, n/2), z would lie on the g the points z, and z) and if Id lie on the minor arc(excluding the containing angle a. Cl major arc (excludin a € (w2, 7). ‘2 woul points z; and Z2 )- Note: ' The sign of a determines the side of 2; Zon which the segment lies. ‘Thus a is positive in fig. (1) and negative in fig. (2) ea Saal Sarvopive Vinay, a Detht-140 016, PR OM TITDEE Led, FITTIEE House 29-4 ja Saal, Sareea a Ma aoe Sse RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complox Number 2 a = Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral such that cS) A(z), B(z2), C(2s) and D(z4) lie on a circle. Clearly LA+ZC=n De) Biz) Alzs) = HAA 272 ig purely real. 22 -%, 24-2 Thus points A(z;), B(2,), C(zs) and D(z) (taken in order) would be concyclic jf 2 -2,)(2_ -z. Geez) is purely real. (2, -2)(z 2) = Equation of tangent to agiven circle ata given point: et |z — 20] =r be the given circle and we have to obtain the tangent at A(z,). Let us take any Point P(z) on the tangent line at A(z;). Clearly ZPAB = n/2 Af ea) } =4nl2 => 2-41 js purely imaginary. same aes Bz) Saree 0 ' %-z%y %-z, {ie Be CN eo ‘ “Alzy a = 2 (2 —Z)+2Z(Z ~24) +242, ~24% +242, —Z zy =O = = eres > 2(% ~%)+2 (eo —z1)+2|z4|° ~ 242 -Zz9 = 0 |n particular if given circle is Jz} = r, equation of the tangent at z = z, would be, ZZ, +22, = 2, = 27. = (2 © R’, 2 #1), where z; and z, are given complex numbers and z is an arbitrary complex number then z would lie on a circle. Explanation: Let A(z;) and B(z:) be two given complex numbers and P(z) be any arbitrary complex number. Let PA, &a and PA, be intemal and external bisectors of angle ay [EONS ZAPB respectively. Clearly ZA;PA; = n/2. ae) Z=Zy)_ Ap _ [2-2 Now, BP kz s Zl Thus points A; and Az would divide AB in the ratio of 2: 1 intemally and extemally respectively. Hence P(z) would be lying on a circle with AyA, being it's diameter. FIITSEE Ltd, FIITIEE House,29°A, Kalu Saral, SarvaprlyRSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number Note: = If we take 'C’ to be the mid-point of AyA;, it can be easily proved that CA.CB = (CA,) i.e. [21=Zoll22~ Zo] = 7, where the point C is denoted by zo and ris the radius of the Tf h = x ay C on en a i 2;| = |z ~ 22] hence P(z) would lie on the right bisector of the line A(z;) and é 2). Note that in this case z; and z, are the mirror images of each other with respect to the right bisector. Mustration 16. fas = show that, when z lies above the real axis, « will lie within the unit circle which zti has centre at the origin. Find the locus of a as z travels on the real axis from - cto +20. Solution: From figure, it is clear that |z -i] < |z +i| (as z lies above the real axis). \z ail = lal= <1 => a lies within the unit circle which has centre at the origin Now if zis travelling on the real axis Im(z) = 0 and Re(z) varies from ~» to +0. Letz=x+i0 4 (as K-iJ=k+i] VxeR. © itil = a moves on the unit circle which has centre at the origin. Mustration 17. If 2, 2» 2; are complex numbers such that 2 _ 1,1 | show that the points represented % % % za lie on a circle passing through the origin. by 21 Za jon: i = Solution ace P(zs), (za R(zs) and S(zs) ae coneyelc poets Eee 29724 ge eee K ve 2 ay. ae eet = 99/7 =z, )\z2-25 (o=24) (41-25) = real (2, -24) (22 =) : 2 4773 = real +10, then 7 25 Zizo ean 2 from which 23= 57 — 2, Pan ‘Q(z2) = AY me Sahar Naw bani 140 016 a-A, Kal Sara, Sar a fitfee-cOmRSM-1315-P3-MA-ComBlOx Numige 2% ‘Ben 2; “Biz, 222-2 zy From (1) and (2), 72 « = real ae = real => + = real, which is true 2 Therefore z;, 22, 23 and the origin are concyclic. Alternative Solution: Be Alzi)< e « ab > Cfo) B(z;) J=rt00(2)s=e-p sa+pen a) = Points A, B, C, D are concyclic, Mustration 18. ao t) 2 in the Argand plane, Plot the region represented by © < arg I Bias Solution: Let us take aral — 4 = 2n/3, Clearly z lies on the minor arc ofthe circle passing through (1, 0) and (-1 0) Similarly, aro( 21) = n/3 means that ‘2’ is lying on the major arc ofthe circle passing through (1, 0) and (-1, 0). Now if we take any point in the region included between the two ares, say P,(z;), Ze ) <2t tec ual weet <90( 221 Thus 2 < aro ae i) < 2 represents the shaded region (excluding points (1, 0) and (-1, 0), a Mustration 19. If 2; and Zp are two complex numbers, then prove that lerzal? <(1+K)lzi1° + (144°) lag? Vk € RY, Solution: at Mhzy+22)° 0 => (key + 22 ) (KZ, +2 )> 0 = (+2 )0@, +2 )20a0K>0 > kIzPatizg Pee +2220 > CH) Z P H+ 1 2p Pal zy P +12, 2g, 22, = (1+k)1z, P 1+) 2 Pa/z,-z, P FUTSEE Led, FLITIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Saral, SaConsider a square OABC inthe Argand plane where '0' is origin and (Zo), then show that equation of the circle that can be inscribed in this square is2|2— 20010) w(S221\(2522) [Soe | REE] = thon show tat points Aled)» Biz) C99 and D(2, 0) \z| (vertices of square are given in anticlockwise) (taken in clockwise sense) is lie on a circle for k > 0 Some Important Results to Remembe! The triangle whose vertices are the points represented by complex numbers 21, 23,2318 equilateral if —! dion ZZ %s-% U-Ze = |z-zi|+ [z-22] = 2, represents an ellipse if [23 ~Zcl < 2, having the points z; and Z2 as its focii. And if |zs =Z2| = 2, then zlies on a fine segment connecting 21 and 22. = | z-2z1| ~ |Z—Z2l = 2 fepresents a hyperbola if [21 —2;| > i, having the points 2; and Z2 as its focii. And if [21 —Z2| = 2, Z lies on the line passing through 21 and 22 excluding the points between z; and zo. =0 je. ize +25 +24 =Z22 + 202s +2021 iustration 20. Let z, and Z2 be the complex roots of the ‘equation 3z° + 32+ b = 0. Ifthe origin, together with the points represented by 2 and z2 form an equilateral triangle then find the value of b. Solution: 24, Z2, 0 will be the vertices of ‘equilateral triangle if b 2b zy? +a? + 08 = 2120 + O22 * 0 1 =b=t. 8 3 If fora complex number 2,|Z— 4|+|z + 11=2 then show thatz lies on a line segment. ie ‘be any complex number such that |3z~ 2\ + [92 + 2) = 4, then show that ‘us of z is a line-segment. foct “A,Exercise1. i). @)0=nn eer iil) @)*#(1~31) We ting) Exercise 2. i) 0 iil), -160. Exercise 3. ia). n=4k, kel (b)n=0 Exercise 5. ii) centre is (2, 0) and radius = /3RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number RZ sno Properties of Modulus and Argument 8 WevtZot #29 < fal + zal + 2 + fel c ~ 22] = l2al - [zal] lzs + 20\* = (zy + 29) (Z, 4 Z i 1 Z2)= [asl + leg? + z arg(2iZa) = arg(z;) + arg(za) Ae uni arg (21/22) = arg(z;) ~ arg(zo) 2a De Moivre's Theorem : If rifzer(o nee aC a 0+ isin 0), and n is a positive integer, then | nt isin= BA) =032, n-1 The nth Root of Unity Let x be the nth root of unity. Then x" 2k = x= cos ME + isin MEK 042,01 - * Ln cos2kn+isin2kx (where k is an integer) _pkemerg on Let a = cos“ *+isin==-Then the nth roots of unity are a! (t=0,1,2,....,-1), ie. the nth roots of unity are 1,0,0%,.....0°". ‘Sum of the Roots 2kn 2 n-1_ toa" a 4 ttatat..ta"! =0 = Yicos™* <0 and }' sin =0 ae rae fot ol Thus the sum of the roots of unity is zero. Product of the Roots Fao. i. Oh = (EN Gl) Concept of Rotation : If z;, Z2, Zs, are the three vertices 9s of a triangle ABC described in the counter- cum clock wise sense, then Z-2, _0Q, 22-24 2 Note that arg (2s ~ 21) ~ arg(22— which OP must be rotated in the anti that it becomes parallel to OQ. s CA. ia 12-211 ge (cosa +isina)= =e" = e ( BAY [2.-%l aun) U2) 2) = ais the angle through i-clock-wise direction so Geometrical Applications: Condition for Collinearity If there are three real num! bers (other than 0) I,m and n such that 121 0 then complex numbers 21, zz and Zp will be collinear. + mzz+nzy=Oand| +m +n= Equation of a Straight Line oe Equation of a straight line with the help of rotation formula: 4 Let A(z,) and B(z2) be_any two points lying on any line andwe have to obtain the equation of this line, For this purpose lotus take any point C@) Zee Bae since arg| ———- 2-4 ja Sarai, Sarvopriya ‘House, 29-A, Kalt rene Bar \- o 72> 2 Vihar, New Delhi 110 016, FITN€€ Ltd, FIITIEE. Vier, ew Dah* General equation of the line: From equation (1) we get 2@+Za+b=0, where @=i(Z,~2Z,) andib=Z,2,-z,, beR This is the general equation of a line in the complex plane. * Slope of a given line: Re(a) f 24+ Za+a=0 is the given line then its slope = Genta * Equation of a line parallel to the line 2@+Za+b=0 is za+Za+h=0 (Where 2. is a real number). * Equation of a line perpendicular to the line ZA+Za+b=0 is zi-Za+in=0 (where 2. is a real number). * Equation of Perpendicular Bisector: Consider a line segment joining A(z) and B(z2). Let the line ‘L’ be it’s perpendicular bisector, If P(z) be any point on the 'L’, we have PA = PB. => 2-21) =|z-2z, > 2(% -2)+2(z, ~2,)+z,2,-2,%, =0 * Distance of a given point from a given line: Let the given line be 2a-+Za+b=0, and the given point be ze then distance of 2. from this Equation of a Circle Equation of a circle of radius r and having its centre at 2o is [2 Zo} = [2-27 =? > (2-2) (2-2) ="? => 22+0z+82+b=0, where—a Z and b=z 92, {represents the general equation of a circle inthe complex plane, * Fauation of a circle described ona line segment AB, (A(2;), B(z:)) as diameter is (2-2)(2-%)+(z-z,) (2-2, =0. * Let z; andz, be two given complex numbers and z be a any complex number such ms that, oo? =) =a, where a ¢ (0, 7). Then ‘2' will ie on the arc of a circle. 2-22 * Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral such that A(z), B(z2), C(2s) and D(z,) lie on a circle. Then (24 =2))(22 25) is ely real, (2=2))(24=z5) POTS Some Important Result to Remember * The triangle whose vertices are the points represented by complex numbers 21 22, 20/8 1 fe = = 3 i tyra? leu ets bed a ze srr ene, * Iz -211 + [z-zol = 2, represents an ellipse if |z, ~22| < 2, having the points z; and zp as its foci. And if |z; -z2| = 2, then z lies ona line segment connecting z; and zp, u * 12—2i| ~ [2 -zol = 2, represents a hyperbola if [zy ~%:| > A, having the points z; and z) as its foci, And if |z; ~22) = 2, the z lies on the line Passing through z, and z) excluding the Points between z; and 22. equilateral if FAITIEG Lely FLETSEE House,29-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Website:RSM~1315-P3-MA-Complex Number 5-P2-MA-Com 29 Subjective Problem 1. Wf i2+2-z+i=0, then show that |z| =1. Solution: ie+2-z+i=0 By substituting z=iin the equation, we get 0=0 Hence z-i is a factor of iz’ +2*-z+i = i2* (25) -1(z-i)=0 (i221) @-)=0 Either iz*-1=0 or z-i=0 ane 0,2=1 + el=l0+iA|=Vorae 127] = 10-1] = fo? + (1? =1 > [z4]=1 or (2) =1 «. Inany case we have |z| =1 Problem 2. If \z <1, || <1, show that | z—w)? < (| -|w))? + ( argz -arg w)* Solution: y A Let us consider a unit circle with its centre as the origin Let ZAOX =0, and 2BOX = 02 R arg(z) = 0; and arg(w) = ®2 aly) z =OA, w=OB a ae o JOA? +/0BP -1BAP in A OAB; cos 0= ae Now ind Toa [CBT —2)0A| 0B) cose Al +|0B| = | z-w Pl + [wl? ~2 Fal Iwleos0 =(l2l- iwi +4 [zl lw) sin? (0/2) jnowihat ane a 3) > sin? 2 We know 252 2 2 ef Bara ee 8 in? ® [since [z| , wi <1, itis a unit circle] =(3) zizi iwi sit > C 2 Hence fz - wi? (2l~ bw) + (argz -2ra WY Problem 3. 401-4071 +10" is exactly divisible by 2 +x+ Tif mn, kare (i Prove that the payed negative intege! os, oeespnomial x30 B (i Show that the x4 1= 0) KO), where Solution: wis a cube root of uni @xtRSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Humbay 30 => We have to prove that x - m and x -«* are factors of the polynomial. Put x= 0 +0" +o"? 214 4 0% = 0 (x0) [6a factor of the polynomial Put x =o? 0 + oF? 4 04 214024 @ = 09x - 0% Is also a factor of the polynomial, Hence the polynomial x" + x"! + x"? is exactly divisible by x” +x +1 (li) We can write, x? — 2px cos0 + p? = (x = p(cosi + isind))(x ~ p(cos® ~isind)) Case- x = p(coso + i sind) is substituted in the given expression the given expression» P'(cosnd + i sinnd)sind- p"(cos0+ i sind) sinnd + p"(sinn=1 0). =p'[(cosndsind+isinndsind)-(cos0sinnd+i sind sinnd)+(sinndcos0 - cosnd sind)}=0 Case- Il Likewise x = p(cos0 - i sind) can be substituted in the expression to show it equal to zero. Hence the result. Problem 4. Find the complex numbers z which simultaneously satisfy the equations E -12|_5 |z-4 2-81 Solution: Beate seo 6+iy—8)) 3 => 9(36 + y) = 25[36 + (y - 8)"] = y? - 25y + 136 =O > y= Hence the required numbers are z= 6 + 17i, 6 + 8i. Problem 5. If |z| > 3, then determine the least value of |z + ‘ and the corresponding z. Solution: 1 1 Iz+2 z dl Let f(x) = 1 f(x)=1+—= 20 (x) 2 => f(x) is increasing function => f(x)mi, at x =3 4 = Flas Tofind z: Letz=re®, where r= oe 3.” FIITI€E Ltd, FITTIEE House,29-A, Kalu Sarai, SaIts points D and M re present the complex number represented by a PX Mumbers | + | and 2 - | respectively. Find the Solution: Let A be (x, y) 000.1) 'tis given that BD = 24C-> MD = 2am Also DM is perpendicular to AM s % = (1-2) + (1442 = 402)? + (yt...) gy. and Yt Alaris are ly +1) =x-2 @ With x—2 = 2{y +1), (1) gives (y + 1)?= 4/4 > Yy=-12,-3/2>x=3,1 = A represents z = 3 - i/2, or 1-3i/2 Alternative Sol. MD = 2AM and AM LDM i.e. ZAMD = 12 in AM 3 ie Real AM e 2 =41 -(2-i)=+1¢4 42) 32=302 0F 1+ mp2 HZ = z-@-)=* (1 +2) > 2=3:i20r 1-012 Problem 7. Solution: Prove the following inequalities geometrically and analytically : (b) |z- 1| l2\ - 1) + lal larg 24 (a) The quantity 2/2| lies on a unit circle centred at the z igin. It is clear that | — origin. It al = AP < aro(AP) = a= arg z. If a is negative, this gives | 2 _ 4| = |z| {cos (ampz) + i sin(ampz) } el ms = ffs G-#'5] > ampz= -(RSM~1315-P3_MA-com, Wee... Problem 9. Find the common tangents of the curves Re(2)= |z ~ 2a| and |z - 4a|=3a, Solution: CeCe EW nee) eral eels aa 4 = ¥" =a (a) and (x — 4a)? y= (ay? Tangent to y* = 4a (=a) y=m (x~a)+ 2 m For this to be a tangent to (x — 4a)? + y¥ = (Bay jrca =| , i e 3a>— =35,m=t Vt4+m? m v3 Also, the line X= ais a common tangent to both the curves Hence the common tangents are Vs ya ealggsyucen 2a ae eee mers ‘Zz Eee eae) OF, Re) aa, ee 2+ Z4da EEN = 2N3i (1 +V8i)z+(1-V3i)z +4a=0. (1-3 i) z+ (1 +V3i)Z + 4a=0. Problem 10. real numbers such that 2, Za Zs are complex numbers and p, q, rare - h Prove the! i ae34 Objecti Problem 1. Marg (2,) = arg(z,), then (A) 22=k2;" (k> 9) (©) lz =|2, (B) z= kz, (k>0) (D) None of these Solution: 2 P 217 = argter) = arg(z, ) = arg(2s) => 22 = kz" (k> 0) Hence (A) is the Correct answer . Problem 2. Wa>Oac R,Z=a + 2iandziz|-az+1=0 then (A) z is always a positive real number (8) zis always a negative real number (C) zis purely imaginary number (D) such a complex z does not exist. Solution: Putting z= a+ 2i in the given equation and comparing imaginary parts, we get arg a’, which is not possible . Hence (D) is the correct answer. Problem 3, «is the angle which each side of a regular polygon of n sides subtends at its centre, then 1+ cosa + cos2a + cos3a ... + cos(n-1)a is equal to A)n (8) 0 (C)1 (D) none of these Solution: nt nt ite > /cosra =Re Ye" = sum of the n roots of unity = 0 ca) 1m Hence (B) is the correct answer. Problem 4. If the imaginary part of the expression be zero, then locus of zis (A) a straight line parallel to x-axis (8) a parabola (C) a circle of radius 1 (D) none of these Solution: Letu=RSM-1315-P3_y, omplex Number 35 eed u Oe =o of 2 1 05 1-—~ =0 =|uP=1 lu i = 15 |2~1]=1, which isa circle, Hence (C) is the correct answer, Problem 5. If 2, Za, 25 are the vertices of an e quilateral triangle ir ir i = 1 then the area ofthe triangle having, ingle inscribed in the circle |z | on the Zp, 23, as its vertices is 8 (A) ar e si oo 38 4 (D) none of these Solution: ea DE = BD - BE =2-3/2=1/2 Area of AACD = ; DE x AC oe ne 20) ks Diz) 4 Hence (B) is the correct answer. Problem 6. The complex numbers z= x + iy which satisfy the equation (B) the straight line y = 5 (A) the x-axis Oe ee ee (C) a circle passing through the origin Solution: z-Si > [z-Sil= 2+ Sil iz + 5il = z would lie oF d Thus z would lie on the x-axis. Hence (A) is the correct answer. the right bisector of the line segment connecting the points 5i and — 5i - jn oe fi sents the region given by The be |2-4 |< [2-2 repre’ bs = (A) Re (z) > ee (C) Re (2) >2 Bae: aj< [22112 4p<|z- af= (2-4) (2-4) < (22) ae A(z +Z) +16 <22 -2z+Z)+4 vamp War How Det 11003 —rounm aah Wala Sora sarwapite MT Miescomx 2 : RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number Foz +2)> 12s 4Re (2) 42 Re ()5 9 Hence (D) is the correct answer. Problem 8. 2 the equation \22l* #22? =k representa the equation of a circle, where z= 2+3i, 29443) are the extremities ofa diameter, then the value of kis ef ss. (D) None of these Solution: Asz, ste are the extremities of the diameter, ema ail te a= ei ee ats oe 1243)-4—3iP = |2)= 4 Hence (B) is the correct answer. Problem 9. I \2| = min {lz - 11, jz + 1)}, then et (A) |z+ al (B)z+z ()lz+z|=1 (D) none of these Solution: lz] = min {lz - 4), fz + 1)} = Iz 1] for Re (z) > 0 But |= |z—1|=>Re(2)=>, Similarly, |z| = min {|z — AL, Iz + 1)} = |z +4], for Re (z)<0 = [z|=|z+1| => Re (z)= 3 where Re(2)= 2, z+Z=4, [2+z when R, (z)=0=>z+ Z =Oand|z+Z| =0 Hence the argument is |z+Z| = Hence (C) is the correct answer, Sates 23 «+» Zp are the roots of the equation 2”! +2? +7" + +74 1=0, where n EN, n> 2 and ais the cube root of unity, then : (A) 0”, &” are also the roots of the given equation (B) 0”, «” are also the roots of the given equation (C) 21, Zz .-.1 Zn1 form a geometric progression Zot (D) a* isconstant for a>0 and r=1, 2,3, ....n-2. Solution: Given 2" +2" +24 ..4241 =05(2-1 =e" (reN) ine mzse* zsBes. he = The roots areen,en, gn 1Qn-2)e i 1€ "which is a G.P. with common ratio e © Also a? = ge" Hence (C) and (D) Problem 11, If f(x) and g(x) a divisible by x? se ce fees ‘such that the polynomial h(x) = x fc) + x° g(x") is (A) (1) =9(1) ee en t= at)20 which is a constant . ) are the correct answers. Solution: Roots of x* +x #1 = 0 are com So_h(w) = h(w’) = = wf(1) + w g(1) =0.and w4(1) + (1) =0 = f(1) = 9(1) =0. = Hence (A) and (B) are the correct answers, Problem 12. One vertex of the triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in the curve |z~ 21] =2,s 2+2i, remaining vertices is/are iplex cube roots of unity, (A) -1#1(2+V3) eu (aR lZ= 950) (0)-1-i(2- V3) Solution: = Clearly the inscried triangle is equilateral. : 2x Zp =Zo 25 —% zh See OS FO Z1-Zo Z,-Z : S =. AB =-1+i(2- ¥3) 2s) 2(2 +21) =z, =-1+i(2+ V3) and zs i( are Hence (A) and (C) are the correct answers. comprehension carefully and answer the following Problems (13-15): fing c bearer tae lex numbers as defined below Let A, B, C be three sets of compl A= {z:Imz> 1} B={z:[2-2-|=3} c= {z:Re((1-i)2)= 2} Problem 13. i oe The number of ‘elements in the setA 0 Bo aa es z (0) ~ Se and above the line y = 4 in the. Argand plane. = Set of points on nee 5 = oi " Pins on the circle (2) + is 1 3 = -i = Re((1-i) K+ iy) =X ; : Fi an ee ) = has only one point of intersection: er Hence (B) is the correct answer FIITIEE Leda,'315-P3-MA-Com Number Problem 14. Lotz be any point in A B.C. Then, |z+1-if* +|2~5-~ if les between (A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44 Solution: 17he Points (- 1, 1) and (6, 1) ae the extremities ofa dlemeter of the given circle Hence |z +1 ~iP + |jz-5- iP = 36 Hence (C) is the correct answer, Problem 15. Let z be any point in A B mC and lot w be any point satisfying|w ~2- |2|-||+3 fies between i|<3. Then, (A) -6 and 3 (8) -3 and 6 (C) 6 and6 (D) 3 and 9 Solution: \2\-|wl]<|z-wland |z-w|= Distance between z and w Z Is fixed. Hence distance between z and w would be maximum for diametrically opposite points. = lz-wi<6>-6 < e|-|wi<6 3-3 <|z|—jw+3<9. Hence (D) is the correct answer. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the following Problems (16-17); Let A(z;), B(z2), C(zs) are complex numbers satisfying |z - V3 il = 1 and 3z, + /3 2zp + 229. Problem 16. [21-21 = ; (8) pf A) Ral 5 © & (D) none of these 4 Solution: A Problem 17. The value of 22=*9" ic oquat to 2-V3i 127i (a) 1 Vivi “Te a3 1+ V63i py 129191 (Clos (D) zi Solution: e Shifting origin at /3i By given condition OA passes through mid-pProblem 18. Mf \z ~ zy? + |z—z,2 ‘os 2 He a lz ~ zh ~ 241 represents a conic C, then for any point P having affx zon the STATEM : i [ENT 1: The distance between the orthocentre of APAB and the centre of conic is Ire 2; and z,. lz 1 211 ~22|. Where affix of A and B a because STATEMENT 2: { 2-21 | is purely real, (A) Statement Statement-1 (8) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2is True; Statement-1 : (C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False (0) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True “118 True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 Is a correct explanation for Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Solution: c ie Pa ‘The conic represents the circle with z; and 2, are the ‘ diametric ends having centre C (2) and the distance Be) 4 “af 2 2 is the radius of conic i.e. Problem 19. é Let A = (cosa, sina), B = (cosf, sinp), C AABG, then the value of ¥cos(2a ~~) (cosy, siny). If origin is the orthocentre of the Solution: 3 Sie i ee =» orthocentre and circumcentre coincides > cosa =0, sina = 0. ap aie al Let z;=e%,z2= 9%, 2356" => zy +z) +23=0= +e +23 =32h273 ee 2h Ses ZpZ3 23% 212 a Seleto) 235 = if if |8Z2Z9 + 272521 + B4zZ 120 Problem 20. + 32» + 425| = 4 and if the value of |82225 1 = = 4 and |2z; If zs = 2, [eal = 3, [2k = 42 | idk then the value of kis Solution: 6 Consider [82223 + 272321 24x4=96. ++ 64z:221 = 24|22, +3%, +425) =40 Problem 21. } : | Solution: __units then RSM_1315-P3-MA-Complex Number “et 21, 2 Zs Za 2 2 be the vertices of regular hexagon. If the length of each side is 2 Column — ; 1 Te aiid = oe V4 Zi )} (26-2) af fo 4 The value of 8 2, — z5| | is Bice p> ~ Z|) Ratio of area of triangle formed by joining the % +z, Vertex 21, Zs, Z4 and 2, Z, { oes Jis AM. of \z, ~ 22 ie. A)>() (B) > (s) (C) + (p), (a) (D) > (p), (q)= isa “mnlmedular complex number, prove that at least one of the two complex numbers 2;, Z> must be unimodular. (Ui) Show that for any 'y complex numbers 2; and zp, |t-2,2,/* -|2, -z4/° cs ee sh zy a 22 be two complex numbers such that [z,| < 1 < [2]. Show that WRAY cen GAnOr to kp +e pfx Bing KG Prove that (a; sere +b2) ... tf). Head = feed = = fa \—i)._ Let z be a non-real complex number lying on the circle [z| = 1. Then prove that argz 44i tan] (=) = argz)” 1-i tan| ( 2 } LE|IT Find the modulus and the argument of the complex number zy, where Z; = 2? - z and Z=cos@ +i sind. sii, If 2, and zp are complex numbers, prove that |2z,4z21?=|z,|?+|zo1? if and only if 2,22 is purely imaginary. ue Gi) Find the equations of all the circles which are orthogonal |z| = 4 and |z ~ 1| = ifA=2+b+ ¥3-b? i, b < V3, then show that a is independent of b. ‘Show that Sa ; (ii). Prove that“a RSM~1315-P3-MA-Complex Number reo C ei). lz — 3i] < V5, then prove that the complex number z also satisfies the inequality liz +1) +1) <25. tii). Find the complex number z which satisfies the condition |z ~ a + ail = 1 and has the greatest absolute value, where a is a real constant (a + 0). 2, +20 | rs | BAS Wu= (2,29 , prove that [zil +|z2|= 1272 4u |: A [Bez 8 Locate the complex number z = x + iy for which loa 2-21> foorele§— 0 O0yg ge (il) ogg (13 + fz? ~ Al) + logon i 0 (13+|22 + ai) ‘i z- +4 jz-2]+5 Hi cepa tite, v) log, en wae 3-4-2 (Oe aol UD Od soc 9. Let x1, X2, X3,...Xn be the roots of the equation x" + x™! + ...+ x + 1= 0. Compute the expression +L +...4 1... Hence or otherwise prove that Yoo =0 %-1 Xy— a nei AG. Prove that |a+ Ja? —p# | + la oe | =|a +8) +|a—B|,where a, § are complex numbers. Fill in the blanks (11 - 15): Tee | Bont 0 dap Cot Cr If 24, 2 are two complex numbers representing consecutive vertices of a regular hexagon then the complex number 25 representing the vertex adjacent to 2», is 12, The vertices of a triangle in the argand plane are 3 + 4i, 4 + 31 and 2V6 +i, then the distance between orthocentre and circumcentre of the triangle is 2n (43) tz = cos aaztzt... +2 and paz +z'+.. isin, 1 is a positive integer, then the equation whose roots are 14. The three points 2;, Zz, Z3 connected by the relation az; + bz, + cz, = 0, where a, b, c are real are collinear then the relation between a, b & cis. _A8- If the equation ax? + bx +c = 0, (0 1 and WITIEE Ltd, FLITIEE House,29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya WebsiteRSM~1315-p; '3-MA-Comy plex Number Level- it C—~ For complex nui : mbers z, ZZ, =1 1 and Z2, prove 2 oy that fei!’ 22 - [zal? 21 = 25-29 if and only if 2, = 2» of 2. If x;, x, 11 Xa Xap Ko + Dx pry, re the n roots of the equation + nik + py (14%) (44942) (1484). “(tind aC 01 (PiiPa, «+1 Py feal), prove that i ~ Pat Pa- pe t....)?+ (P= Ps + Ps - pr +...) For every cea number c > 4, fi z+elz+4|+4< 2 1, find all the complex numbers z that satisty the equation 4, Assume thi at (i= 1,2, 00.0 radius unity. Find ) are the vertices of a regular polygon inscribed in a circle of ® VA |? |AyAa 2 [AsAal2 (ii) VAAL TAAs le lAAgt 5 Find the complex n jumbe i i ; er z with maximum and minimum possible values of |2| satisfying (a) fz+ a4, () |z+ z _—5— _ Show that all the roots of the equation z"cos®, + 2°~ 'cos® + ... + cos®, = 2 where Qo, 01, 02...0n € R lie out side the circle |z| = 1/2. lel AOL lap op ve NY 5 Aun. oi dyed wie Pra | 7 ie Zi Za Zs are three non-zero complex numbers such that 22 * 2, dnd a = |2\|, b = a Hay la b ¢ c= [lz If lb c al=0, then show that arg. 22 = arg Boh) ¥ lc El b| 2 227-2, _-8-~ Two different non-parallel lines cut the circle [2] = rin points a,b: & and d respectively. Prove that these lines meet in the point z given by 2 = If nis an odd integer greater than 3, but 9. ee of (x#1)" -x"-1. a,b, ¢,... and i =x+A where A, B,C, te. show thal Me equation Ftp toh rs, can not have complex roots. he w= ktiy forposye Meyer, itd Ry are real numbers, ber, find the least an a, where z is a complex num lex numbers. Also find a for which responding complex numbers. 1 1. ited t-4 the corresponding compl of [z| are equal and the co = (tay it not a multiple of 3. Prove that x°+x°+xisafactor = yr12, 13. 14. 15(i). (ii). RSM-1315-P3-MA-Complex Number Prove that, for integral values of n > 4, all the roots of the equation n nz'=142z+27+ 42" lle within the circle lal = If points Ay, Ao, ..., Ag fepresenting the complex numbers 21, 22, ... Z¢ respectively are the Vertices of a regular hexagon and if zy be the complex number representing the centroid of the hexagon then prove that B+zb4 +25 = 623. v3 3 2 Consider an equilateral triangle having vertices at points 4{ a ‘| [Ze] and 2 = Cl|—es ] - If P(2) is any point on its incircle, then find the value of AP? + BP? + CP?, Find the value of (2) ermeatp)_ pi-1 Find the roots common to the equations x°— x? + x? i Sarai, Vihar, FIITI€€ Led, FIITIEE House, 29-A, Kah nie_————— Objectiy Level-1 5 sft For any integer n, the argument of zs (ex)™" is (1-way" (ay ® WE oF > 2n 2 ake oF If a, B, y are the cube roots of P, (P< 0), then for any x, y, 2, 2X+BY+12 jg saudi Pray raz (A) ao +Boty (C) wo (B) apy e (D) None of these For any two complex numbers 23, z2 and real numbers a and b, |azs - bzal? + [bz az is equal to (Atalsb") (aaltleal) (8) 20?) (iz f+lz0P) (C) (a°+b*\(lzsI+Izal)? (D) None of these if a and b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that the points 23 = ati, zp= 1+bi, 2-0 form an equilateral triangle , then a and b are equal to. (A) a= b= 2+ V3 (B) a= b= 2-3 (C) a= b= -2+ V3 (D) a= b=-2-3 Ifz=re®, then |e*| is equal to ae aye" @)e (ce en If x = 1+, then the value of the expression x‘ — 4x* + 7x’ — 6x + 3 is (A)-1 (B)1 (c)2 (D) None of these Uf (141)(1421)( SI) nan( 14 niDexH, then 2.6.10..f (A) 1+n? ()x" i eat (D) None of these x If nd Zp are two complex numbers, then the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the 2 and Zp segment joining z; and ia (A) @ -Zz+ (2-22 =a — Pal OG Ae ee O-% (B) @ -Z)2=(2.-Az'fzllies on the circle |z|=1, then 2 ties on z (A) circle (B) straight line (C) parabola (D) None of these '"P, @, Fare positive integers and « be an imaginary cube root of unity and A(x) = x + 291 4 2 thon {(@) is equal to (a)1 (B)O (C)-1 (D) None of these The common roots of the equations z*+ 22” + 22 + 1 = 0 and z'%4z'+4 =0 are A)o (B)0 (C)4 (D) None of these The complex numbers sinx+ i cos2x and_cosx ~i sin2x are conjugate to each other for (A)x=nn (8) x=0 (C)x = (n¥1/2)n (D) No value of x For any complex number z, maximum value of jz| — |z— 1| is 1 (A) 0. (8) Bi 3 (c)4 o> If (@y + iby) (22+ ibe) ... (ay bp) = A+ iB, then den(2) is equal to HES (tia (Cc) tan (©) tant : Avge A ADV ets Aig The value of the expression arta 4] (2 + ole 3) x(a - 6 ms 3) (nt4)(n+ Jo e 4). where w is an imaginary cube root of unity, is oO, oF 2 n(n2+2 nfet=-2) gd) es n?(n+1)° +4n (D) none of these (a eer Ifz=x + iy, 2" =a—iband a = Mal (a1 (C)3 FIITIEE Led, FIITIEE House,29-A, Kalu Sarai, SarvapriyaSSMW1315-P2-MA-Complox Nurnber $<. ar 22, pee leil==1, [zal =2, then the va Of |21+22)? +|2;-20)? Is equal to . then t a ue of l2s+201? + 2-25) or (B)3 (C) 4 (D) None of these 4) Wet > = 4, then 200, 1 x en Raat “000 18 equal to (A)1 (c)o 1 (D) None of these thesis OTRO 15 the imaginary cube root of unity, then the value of tan{(o'+ o!)n+"}is 4 (A)—1 (B)1 5 Cee ( oe (D) None of these If |z- i] <1, then the value of [z + 12 - 6il is less than (a) 14 (2 (C)28 (D) None of these If @, b, ¢ are integers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w 1), then the minimum value of ja + bw + cw] is wee @1 3 1 oy > If 0, € [0, 6], 1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and sin 0;2* + sind, z° + sinds 2* sind.z+ sinds =2, then z satisfies. (A) |z| > 3/4 (C) 1/2 <|z| < 3/4 (B) [zl < 12 (D) none of these ir \ber, then If [2-2] = min{lz-1h| 2-3), where zis a complex number, the (A) Re(z) = 3/2 (8) Re(z) = 5/2 oe (D) none of these (C) Re (2) €}5» | : ‘1zP 4212146 ) < 9, then locus! region of the If a complex number x satisfies 109, ,g (5 2Iz|44 point represented by 2 i WC wel g complex number z for which |2 ~ a= The points representin (A) circle (C) straight line26. ‘gpa ~~ 28. an. AS. RSM. 315-P3-MA_Com, '¥ 2s, 22 Be two complex numbers satisfying the equation fast =1, then 2 (A) 2,2, +2,2, =1 (©) zz -z (D) none of these The equation 22 +9z +2+b=0, be R represents a circle, if (A) lal? = joj? (8) fal? =b (©) IaP0 Oe ane The locus of Z which lies in shaded region is best represented by (A)z: lz + 1|>2, larg(z + 1)) 2, larg(z- 1) < nid (C)z:lz + 11<2,largz + 1)] < 02 (D)z: lz - 11.<2, largz-1)) <2 a241-¥2) 1e Nut compl ing |2 + 21 + z—2|=8 —Al+ [z+ 1[=2is rhe ber of i 2+ |z-2| = Band [z- 4 ex numbers satisfying |2 (B)2 oe (D) none of these a j ue of mplex number such that [2s] = 2, lal = 3, [za] = 4 then maximum val if 24 2.25 29 COG Ua |z,-Z2 P +1Z2-Zal #12 he: Wes (D) none of these (87 - isfying 2° + @’=Oandz’. 0! ber z and « satisfying a The complex num! Be ; (ayorshzel (D) none of t (C)ozziz44. 48, The © greatest positive argument of complex number satisfying |z ~4| = Re (z) is ae Ib e) = ©) (8 oF The Bee ae Cae associated with the vertices A, B, C of the AABC are e”, 0, tee sabe ©, G are the complex cube roots of unity and cos® > Re(«)) , then the Gane of the point where angle bisector of A meets the circumcircle of the (A)-e” — 0 (C) oo (B) -€ ) Oo ees, ie Als +Z1=12P (ke R’) then argument of z is B) x C) wi2 i (C) wl —_(D) none of these ar f Let o, = en et a= @ "(1 <1 [21 ~ 2, then (A) Rel 21) 50 (8) Re{ =} o x a) <% (3 tS aa az Comprehension : a Comprehension - 1 Read the following writeup carefully: 'n argand plane |z| represent the distance of a point z from the origin. In general [z; 22] represent the distance between two points 2; and z:. Also for a general moving point z in argand plane, if arg(z) = 0, then z = |z|e", where e” = cosé + i sind. Now answer the following questions (1 — 3): 4 The equation |z —z;| + 2 — Za] = 10 if z; = 3 + 4i and 22 =—3-4i represents (A) point circle (B) ordered pair (0, 0) (C) ellipse (0) none of these 2. |lz- 21] — lz —zall = t, where t is a real parameter always represents (A) ellipse (B) hyperbola (C) circle (D) none of these 33 If |z-(3 + 2i)| zc09{§ -ara2), then locus of z is (A) circle (B) parabola (C) ellipse (D) hyperbola Comprehension — Il Read the following writeup carefully: “ i 2kFt gin ZRF | (k = 0, 1, 2, ov ~ 1), 80 thal The nn" roots of unity arecos==+isin= (k=0, 1, ), J (alu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi 14 FIITSEE Ltd, FIITIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, Now Saltana(2, -2, a then (A) 2 and 25 te on a Parabol (©) imi, + ayyeg “ (8) Reiz, + 2) =2 (D) no such 2, and 2, exist 19 tate 8 RTA 2, unity, then SO * Bye" = B, 21 + ea? + 20 = C, where 1, « oF are the cubs rocts “WA+Becea, (8) ABC = 2.2.2, 20. Comprehensio. Comprehension —1 Read the following writeup carefully: Now answer the following questions (1 — 3): 4 The equation |z — 2:1 + z—z = 10 if 2, = 3+ di and Aeneas (6) ordered pair (0, 0) Sa (D) none of these 2. lz - 2:| - [2 - 2all = t, where t is a real parameter always represents (A) ellipse (8) hyperbola (C) circle (©) none of these 3 If lz—@+2i)|=|z005| Faraz . then locus of 2 is (A) circle (8) parabota (C) ellipse (O) hyperbola Comprehension — I Read the following writeup carefully: te ie The nn™ roots of unity are cos — tisin=—, (k= Lt.2~ Sarai Servapeivs Vihar, Mew Duihs 188 858, PO FUTI€E Les, FITTIEE Mouse, 29-4, Kate: rupee wien eeeRSM-1315-P3-MA-Complox Number 2) m2 son) i X32 92 a8) Fon) and none wig = 29+ 1, ww ga ns sinnd =22 sing m2 2 2 Similarly forn even sinno = 22 sin2of ka Now answer the following questions (4— 6): 4 The value of sin= sin sin St is equal to We wz @ 22 i v7 ox or 64 2 If sin 50 = k sin 0 sin? sin? E [sn 0-sin? 4), then k is equal to (A) -16 (B) 16 (c)32 (D)- 32 iat Seay Be a 6. If cos cos cos =keos 5 cos cos T= , then k is equal to (A)-1 (B)1 (c)2 (D)-2 Comprehension - Ill Read the following writeup carefully: A, B, C are the points representing the complex numbers 2, are equal) on the complex place and |2; |. Now answer the following questions (7 — 8 _—T. If the altitude at the vertex A of AABC meets the circumcircle again at P, then complex number representing point P is 2 and Zs respectively (such that no-two wes a) 2%. Ce Sara Ges OY ages The locus of a point Q (z) which touches the circumcircle (given that [z;| = [zal = Iza] = 1) is (A) (2-2) =4(2+2)° (C) Arg (2) = 2nz, nel 8. 29-4, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi 110 O46 FIITIEE Ltd, FLITIEE Houser Vihar Maw Dei -110 0Match the Column 3 1 Match the | Tay 2 oe are the vertices of an equilateral triangle with centroid 25, the value of Baz 23 +2 \ teas a ) if ley the complex number z Satisfy the equation (i= z)(1+2I)+|(@) 7 ce =1 + 7i, then 24 2+22 is equal to +e) ind 29 = § + 3i, the maximum value of fiz + zis |()___3 ~°7 Ifa complex number z lies on a circle of radius, then tha | @) = 2 2 {_____complex number (~1 + 42) lies on a circle of radius Match the following: Column-1 i Column=H 2 Wa = aj: then the value of arg(z) is +y3i The principal amplitude of (1+'V3) is [(0) _ Letz, @be complex numbers such that 2-1 arg(zo) = =, then arg(z) is equal to (net Lvl: |S ERR? RC isible by a4, If {00) and g(x) are two polynomials such that polynomial x) = xf(x") + x°g(x!) is di x?+ x +1, then the value of g(1) is_O 2 If the reflection of the line 22+az=0 in the real axis is bz+bz = 0, then the value of the imaginary part of the complex number w= b —a is oO 3 If Jzs] = 44 [eal = 2, [eal = 3 and [92320 + 42129 + 2a29] = 12, then the value of [2s + Ze + 2a] is equal to : oa Vihar, New Delhi 11 FIDE Led, FLITIEE House,29-A, Kolu Sarai, Sarvapriva Vina, New Salee 2 _ — RSM~1315-P3-MA-Complex Number ER ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS — Subjec Level-1 aii). = 2| sin 94|,arg (23) = ae or [zs|=0, arg (2) is not defined. 4M. 2-7-a)= Jaane G(ii), For a> 0, z=(J2a+1) (F-qp} Fe" ee: al- =| Jia-1 (-# 8(). All points towards the right of x = 1 except the point (2,0) (ii). All points inside the circle fz] = 5 (ili). All'eal and purely imaginary number (lv). Exterior to a circle of radius 10 with centre (1, 0) (©). Region between the two concentric circles of radius 1 and 4 with centre (2, 0) (Wi). Region outside the circle of radius 1/2 with centre (0, 0) 9 -na 11. -4(t4N3)z,+4(32 V8)zp 12, 1374286 13, 4x74 4x + sec? 5 = 0. 14. atbt+c=0 15. |zal> 1. Level- It eal a Me=tz==1-[g if V2 F 4(i). — 2n j). on 5. (a)z= () £4, 41 dae cere van thisis true for all reala> 0;z=+2i. 5 a i (eet Lid, FITIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Sara, Sarvapeiya Via,Objective Level-1 1 A 4 B 2 c aoe A 7 c 3 D Sete WW 15 ra A 9. A ec a a 42, 0 16 OD ie onc) 19. B aa 2 18 OB Doan Bole a. 8B Doc a Pana oar A ater BT eB eiaec a a 2B OA eas ope) A eels eon be A Oia me oh © ie a ee Ae 45. D sae Ae 3 AB 48. 49. A 50. A Level- Il 1 B,¢,D BASS 3 BC 4 AB 5. ABCD 6 ABCD 7. A,B,C, D 8. AC 9. A,B,C 10. = A,D 1. ABC 12, ABC ik LSE 14 -A,B,D (Seer EiC) 16 ACD 17, ABC 18. AC 19. AD 20. AD Comprehension : Ree 1 D 22 aD 3. ae 4 ¢ Gel 7 A ce Match the Column 4 1 “a 0 (B) 2 @ © © Numerical Based: 1 ° 20) 7 sarvaprya Vihar, New Delhi 10 056, Ph 463 STaEE House 29°A, Ral Sara a ‘Website : www. flitjes.com FuITaee Led,