▪ Jaya Radha Madhava

▪ Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya (3 times)

▪ Read verse from SB followed by repeating by devotees

▪ Ask prabhus and matajis to read 3 times each

ŚB 2.10.11

tāsv avātsīt sva-sṛṣṭāsu

sahasraṁ parivatsarān
tena nārāyaṇo nāma
yad āpaḥ puruṣodbhavāḥ

Synonyms

tāsu — in that; avātsīt — resided; sva — own; sṛṣṭāsu — in the matter of creation; sahasram — one
thousand; parivatsarān — years of His measurement; tena — for that reason; nārāyaṇaḥ — the
Personality of Godhead named Nārāyaṇa; nāma — name; yat — because; āpaḥ — water; puruṣa-
udbhavāḥ — emanated from the Supreme Person.

Translation

That Supreme Person is not impersonal and therefore is distinctively a nara, or person. Therefore
the transcendental water created from the Supreme Nara is known as nāra. And because He lies
down on that water, He is known as Nārāyaṇa.

ŚB 2.10.12

dravyaṁ karma ca kālaś ca

svabhāvo jīva eva ca
yad-anugrahataḥ santi
na santi yad-upekṣayā

Synonyms

dravyam — physical elements; karma — action; ca — and; kālaḥ — time; ca — also; sva-
bhāvaḥ jīvaḥ — the living entities; eva — certainly; ca — also; yat — whose; anugrahataḥ — by the
mercy of; santi — exist; na — does not; santi — exist; yat-upekṣayā — by negligence.

Translation

One should definitely know that all material ingredients, activities, time and modes, and the living
entities who are meant to enjoy them all, exist by His mercy only, and as soon as He does not care
for them, everything becomes nonexistent.

Purport

The living entities are the enjoyers of the material ingredients, time, modes, etc., because they want
to lord it over the material nature. The Lord is the supreme enjoyer, and the living entities are meant
to assist the Lord in His enjoyment and thus participate in the transcendental enjoyment of
everyone. The enjoyer and the enjoyed both participate in enjoyment, but, deluded by the illusory
energy, the living entities want to become the enjoyer like the Lord, although they are not meant
for such enjoyment. The jīvas, the living entities, are mentioned in the Bhagavad-gītā as the Lord’s
superior nature, or parā prakṛti, and so also it is mentioned in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa. Therefore the living
entities are never the puruṣas, or the factual enjoyers. As such, the spirit of enjoyment by the living
entity in the material world is false. In the spiritual world the living entities are pure in nature, and
therefore they are associates in the enjoyment of the Supreme Lord. In the material world the spirit
of enjoyment of the living entities by dint of their own actions (karma) gradually fades by the laws
of nature, and thus the illusory energy dictates in the ears of the conditioned souls that they should
become one with the Lord. This is the last snare of the illusory energy. When the last illusion is also
cleared off by the mercy of the Lord, the living entity again becomes reinstated in his original
position and thus becomes actually liberated. For this attainment of liberation from the material
clutches, the Lord creates the material world, maintains it for some time (one thousand years of His
measurement, as stated in the previous verse), and then again annihilates it by His will. The living
entities are therefore completely dependent on the mercy of the Lord, and all their so-called
enjoyments by scientific improvement are crushed into dust when the Lord desires.

▪ Om Ajnana timirandasya

▪ He Krishna karuna sindhu

▪ Tapta kanchana gaurangi (tapta-kanchana-gaurangi radhe vrindavaneshvari vrishabhanu-sute

devi pranamami hari-priye)

▪ Vancha kalpaturu

▪ Nama Om Vishnu padaya

▪ Sri Krishna chaitanya

▪ Hare Krsna mahamantra (3 times)

Context setting
- SD is continuing the description of creation….Very difficult to understand with the limited
knowledge
atra sargo visargaś ca
sthānaṁ poṣaṇam ūtayaḥ
manvantareśānukathā
nirodho muktir āśrayaḥ
- Ultimately, of all the 10 topics, it is the Ashraya….Ultimate Krishna is the sum and bonum….He
is the source of all 9. Its because of him that all other 9 get created. Imp to understand lord.
- Scientist are more interested in understanding the emanation rather than the source which is
the Lord.
- Earlier shlokas talk about Maha Vishnu form of Lord and from him emanating as Maha
Vishnu….….pores …numerous universe….He expands Himself….each enter into the
Universe….fills half the Universe with water and Lord lies on the ocean….He is the
Garbodhakasayi Vishnu.
Shloka 2.10.11

- In continuation in 11th verse…Lord is called Narayana. After lying on the water, it is resting
place is water.

That Supreme Person is not impersonal and therefore is distinctively a nara, or person.
Therefore the transcendental water created from the Supreme Nara is known as nāra. And
because He lies down on that water, He is known as Nārāyaṇa.

- Taso – in that water, Lord resided for 1000 of His own years. SP says Lord is not
impersonal….he is a person. One who is resting place is Naara (water from Supreme person)
is called Narayana.

- Narayana is interesting term….Smritis it says….Narayana is also referred as the Supreme

Shelter of the water that emanates from Him…..

- Another defn of Narayana is that He is the Supreme Shelter of All the Truths. Topic by itself

- In Ch Bhagvat, BSS has written extensively on every verse. He gives many meanings of
Narayana as explained by Sridhara Swami in His Bhavartha Dipika…..

o Nara refers to aggregate of living entities….ayana is Supreme Shelter. Narayana is

supreme shelter of aggregate of all living entities

o Ayana also refers to propensities (or urges) …..Nara refer to totality of all liv beings.
Thus Narayana is one from whom the propensities of all living entities emanates.

▪ SP refers that all tendencies we have….play, fight, enjoy, anger (all the rasas)
exist in us because they exist in Lord who is the source and origin.

o Ayana also refers to knowing …..Nara refer to totality of all liv beings. Thus Narayana
is one who knows all living entities.

▪ Janmadasya yato…….abhigya – He knows everything directly and indirectly.

▪ Comparatively, our knwlg is very limited and indirect…Ex Only I know my

stomache….you cant visualise. My experience of my body is only direct. I don’t
have knlg of your body. Whereas Supreme Lord as Paramatma knows every
one deeply and completely.

- Complete creation emanates from Narayana as G Vishnu….lotus from His navel – Brahma
born….after penance, He creates the planetary systems, the entities, allots them to various
planets according to their karma….Systematically created. Lord engages all his agents who are
his devotees or his expansions.

- Whole Creation happens as per the plan and will of the Lord. All His agents act cooperatively.

- For example – we have not even been able to go to the other planets within our solar
system….and we are only now beginning to understand the expanse of the various galaxies
that are lying across the spectrum of this Universe. And there are billions and billions of
 planets and stars and gala….Even during our own lifetime we have seen so many theories
about the number of planets. On the subject of there being life in other planets, the Sun and
Moon, there have been various theories. And now the Hubble telescope is trying to just take
photos of the other galaxies…..forget about travelling to them….we are far far far away from
that. So Creation is really difficult to comprehend…..at least for us.

- Most miraculous event for us….not for him. For him it is natural as he has innumerable
energies at his beck and call. Creation may seem extraordinary and complicated for us. Not
for Him.

In the 12th verse –

One should definitely know that all material ingredients, activities, time and modes, and the
living entities who are meant to enjoy them all, exist by His mercy only, and as soon as He does
not care for them, everything becomes nonexistent.

- SD says that all the materials exist only by His mercy including the Time factor. When He does
not want these, they turn to dust.

- Creation is based not only on Lord’s desire but also the jiva’s desire to enjoy and Lord it over
the Material nature.

- SP says that Jivas are not actually the enjoyers….but they think they are the enjoyers….Thus
they are referred to as Purushas…In reality they are the ‘enjoyed’ (Prakruti) and not the
‘enjoyers’….

- In the BG 13.22 - there is the shloka –

- “puruṣaḥ prakṛti-stho hi
bhuṅkte prakṛti-jān guṇān
kāraṇaṁ guṇa-saṅgo ’sya
sad-asad-yoni-janmasu”
- Meaning - Due to his desire to lord it over material nature, he is put into such undesirable
circumstances. Under the influence of material desire, the entity is born sometimes as a
demigod, sometimes as a man, sometimes as a beast, as a bird, as a worm, as an aquatic, as
a saintly man, as a bug. This is going on.
- And in all cases the living entity thinks himself to be the master of his circumstances, yet he
is under the influence of material nature.
- Unless one is situated in Kṛṣṇa consciousness, his material consciousness will oblige him to
transfer from one body to another because he has material desires since time immemorial.
- BG 2.13 –
dehino ’smin yathā dehe
kaumāraṁ yauvanaṁ jarā
tathā dehāntara-prāptir
dhīras tatra na muhyati

• If this confusion continues, then thera are problems for the Jiva….he has to come again and
again into the material universe in various forms of the 8.4 million species of entities.
• When the false purusha realises His position vis-à-vis the Lord, he works for the pleasure of the
Lord….he comes over this situation. And how can he come to that realisation ???? By performing
devotional service in a humble manner.

- Bg. 18.55

bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ tato māṁ tattvato jñātvā viśate tad-
anantaram

One can understand Me as I am, as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, only by devotional
service. And when one is in full consciousness of Me by such devotion, he can enter into the
kingdom of God.

Is the Jiva really the ENJOYER ? Or is he the one who is the object of being Enjoyed ?

The Lord clarifies this question in the Bhagavad Gita very explicitly -

BG 9.24 –

ahaṁ hi sarva-yajñānāṁ
bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca
na tu mām abhijānanti
tattvenātaś cyavanti te

I am the only enjoyer and master of all sacrifices. Therefore, those who do not recognize My true
transcendental nature fall down.

Bg. 5.29

bhoktāraṁ yajña-tapasāṁ
sarva-loka-maheśvaram
suhṛdaṁ sarva-bhūtānāṁ
jñātvā māṁ śāntim ṛcchati

A person in full consciousness of Me, knowing Me to be the ultimate beneficiary of all sacrifices and
austerities, the Supreme Lord of all planets and demigods, and the benefactor and well-wisher of
all living entities, attains peace from the pangs of material miseries.

Story of Durvasa Muni and Draupadi

Therefore everything should be dovetailed for His enjoyment and service. Regardless of one's
circumstances, favorable or unfavorable, one should use everything to serve the Supreme Lord. That
is the perfect way to use one's intelligence.

- This is applicable from Brahma to an ant.

SP says, in the purport, that Jivas are supposed to help Lord in the enjoyment by serving and submit
himself to be enjoyed.

Another important point that SP says, Enjoyer and Enjoyed both participate in the enjoyment --how
??

- Both are part of the enjoyment process but Jiva wrongly thinks He is the only enjoyer. SP
clarifies that real enjoyment comes from serving the Lord…who is the supreme enjoyer.
- The servicing jiva enjoys more. In fact, in the pure state of KC enjoys MORE in his role of serving
the Lord. That is why, we have the appearance of Lord as CMPr.

- Smt Radharani is the original internal potency – the blissful potency of Krishna. She enjoys
service to Krishna in such a way that even Kr cant understand. He who is All-knowing is
puzzled….what is the nature of that happiness and love for him. SO he comes as CMP…..This
is the evidence of the principle that one who is serving Him enjoys more than the one who is
enjoying.

- CMPs existence is proof of this statement.

Another beautiful pastime of VATHAPATRA Saayi

- In South India….Vadapatra saayi bhagavaan is famous. During the annihilation Lord as a baby
lies on the water in a leaf – Vadapatra….the pose appears that he is sucking his Toe….This is
also called Ugra Krishna….not because he is angry….but because it happens when the pralaya
is happening.
- Once Markhandeya Rshi was doing penance on the Lord’s name for 7 Manvantaras…..Lord
was pleased and asked him to seek a boon. Markhandeya rshi said that he pls grace me by a
glimpse of your Maya. …basically he wanted to witness the Lord’s magic…..
- Lord smiled and said that this sight will be very gory….but he can see it.
- Some time later, when he was doing Sandhyavandanam outside his ashram, he saw all the
rivers rise and sway him away….he was thus swaying in the water for many many
years…..swallowed by some beings and thrown out…..for many many years but not dying.
Finally he saw a small banyan leaf….
- In a distance He saw something….a beautiful baby with blue complexion….sucking his
toe…..Markandeya Rishi went to hug the child….then next moment he was sucked into the
nostrils of the child….and in his stomach, he saw the whole universe….the planetary
systems….earth, the various being,s animals, trees all being sucked in…. and he saw himself,
his ashram….As he was marvelling….once again, by the outward breathing, he came out and
was sitting in his ashram. Lord’s arrangement.
- Markandeyaji thought, “Oh, what was all that which I saw?” Then he understood that it was
the play of Maya, which he had seen. Maya hid the Paramatma, hid the truth, and showed -
like a magic show - that, which did not exist. Markandeyaji was wonderstruck. He realized that
one can never understand God, but only sing His glories. He thus became engrossed in the
prayers and meditation of the Lord again.

- kararavindhena padharavindam / mukharavindhe vinivesayantham

vatasya patrasya pute shayanam / balam-mukundam manasa smarami

(Translation) With His soft lotus hands, our baby Mukunda

has grabbed His lotus like toe and placed it in His lotus
mouth, decorated with red lips, and sucks on it in
amusement as He rests on the tender shoot of a Pupil leaf
contemplating on the next cycle of creation.
- This Vatha patra shaayi – why would he suck his toe….SB confirms everywhere that the
Devotees of Lord are like honey bees…..going towards honey. As the Lord’s feet are like
Honey,.,..they hover there with complete attraction.
- Lord wanted to know what is sooooo sweet about my feet….I am missing tis happiness….He
wants to taste His feet….
- As a grown up he cannot do it….embarassing and awkward….but for a new born baby, it is
natural….flexible body….Krishna takes form of a baby and sucks his own toe.
- First Research was started by Krishna and the subject was ‘What is the taste of my feet’.
- Lord also accepts that my devotees enjoy more than me. Because they only think they know
is that they want to give Krishna more happiness. Those who try to be happy independently
suffer and come to this earth again and again. Sp warns that one should give up this tendency.
- However some people are prepared to give up…..but want to merge with the Lord….Last
snare….Only when one looks beyond this tendency can one really attain the original
constitutional position of being a servant of Krishna.
- In that condition, one who is fully devoted to servicing Krishna by body, mind and words, he
is truly liberated even when within this body. This is our concept of liberation as per CMPr
- Story of Krishna having headache….Narada….so many people approached….get dust from
Lotus devotees…..first Narada was asked..then many devotees were approached….Gopis
agreed so much dust in buckets. Narada aghast…..dont you realise the outcome…eternally go
to hell ? They said….Yes…we understand. If this can give Krishna a moment of relief, we are
prepared to give away our life in hell for perpetuity. That is the attitude that makes the Gopis
of Vrindavan the highest and incomparable….in devotion standards. They don’t want any
enjoyment for themselves….Paradoxically they enjoy the highest pleasure of devotional
service….culminating in Maha Bhaava of Radha Rani.

- Lastly SP mentions in his purport that even after realising that the Lord is the Supreme Enjoyer,
there are those who want to merge into the Lord and become God themselves. SP refers to
this as the LAST SNARE of Illusory energy. One must note and understand that by our
constitutional position, we must strive to serve the Lord as Bhagavan whether we are in this
material world or in the Spiritual world. For that is the only way for us to feel happy and
satisfied !!!

- In the material world the spirit of enjoyment of the living entities by dint of their own
actions (karma) gradually fades by the laws of nature, and thus the illusory energy dictates
in the ears of the conditioned souls that they should become one with the Lord. This is the
last snare of the illusory energy.

- Our goal as per CMPr is to follow in the footsteps of the Gopis of Vrindavana.

- So the take away as practicing devotees for us from these 2 shlokas –

o Lord is beyond our comprehension – He is responsible for the complex creation.

o Have the understanding that WE are not the enjoyer….we are the ones who are
enjoyed.
 o Lord is the Supreme Enjoyer and our position is to Serve him. Unless we have this
realisation, we always will be at risk of coming back into this material universe again
and again and again.
o And this is possible even by being in this material universe as long as we carry this
mood of the Gopis and serve the Lord.
o There are enough instances that prove that in the process of serving the Lord, we
ENJOY many times more than the pleasure that the Lord Himself derives.
o Dovetail all our activities into ways to serve the Lord…..so that we attain the ultimate
goal of life – to return back to God Head. (The same example as I have given
repeatedly, that a car is running at seventy-mile speed—a cyclist catches the car, he
also runs in seventy-miles speed, although the cycle hasn't got such speed. Similarly,
although we are minute particle of God, if we dovetail ourselves with the
consciousness of God, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, then we become equally spirit. This is
the technique.)

Hare Krishna !!!

 "The first puruṣa is the Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. From the skinholes of Him, innumerable
universes have sprung up.

In each and every one of them the puruṣa enters as the Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. He is lying in half
portion of the universe full with water of His body. And from the navel of Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu has
sprung up the stem of the lotus flower, the birthplace of Brahmā, who is the father of all living
beings and the master of all the demigod engineers engaged in the matter of perfect design and
working of the universal order.

"Within the stem of the lotus there are fourteen divisions of planetary system, and the earthly
planets are situated in the middle. Upwards there are other, better planetary systems, and the
topmost system is called Dharmaloka, or the Satyaloka. Downwards the earthly planetary system
there are seven downwards planetary systems domiciled by the asuras and similar other most
materialistic living beings.

From this Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu there is expansion of the Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, who is the collective
Paramātmā of all living beings. He is called Hari, and from Him all incarnations within the universes
are expanded."

Prabhupāda: Yes. This Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu is the father of Brahmā, who has created all these
innumerable planets. And in one of the planets there is Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. In that planet the ocean
is of milk. There are different kinds of ocean, as we get information from Vedic literature. As we
have got here the ocean of water, similarly there is ocean of milk, there is ocean of oil, there is . . .
just like you have got oil within earth, similarly in those planets there are oil ocean, milk ocean. So
there is one planet within this universe which has got ocean of milk. And in that milk ocean there is
another Viṣṇu, who is called Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. Kṣīra means milk, and udaka means water.
- How the Lord is unaware ?
o Surely, He knows….as Paramatma along with the Jiva without missing anything. Not
possible. Lord facilitates our experience that we are able to experience. He is all-
knowing – past, present and future of everything.
o But in this one matter relating to Radharani’s experiences, the Lord’s All-knowing
nature fails.
o 2 aspects in KC – one is tattva (truth / ontology – the reality of things). In tattva,
Krishna He is allknowing. But in Lila or rasa, Krishna can be unaware. His Lila shakti
will cover His knowledge of Himself as God. In Vrindavan, all devotees do not
understand Krishna as God….Even if devotees are aware, they will not be aware due
to Yoga Maya….In Vrindavan…..even Krishna’s eyes are covered as per Viswanatha
Cakravarthi. In Damodar Lila, was Krishna really afraid ? How ? Why ? VC says that
Krishna forgets that he is god and he actually becomes afraid….he is not
playacting….Thus when in Vrindavan, Krishna’s rasa predominates the tattva. There
are times when Krishna does not know and does not like to know.
o We are play acting to be God….But Krishna Himself does not act God always. He plays
pastimes where he is not God. But he cannot change the fact that he is God. So he
arranges that he forgets…..rasa supersedes tattva. This is meant for the nourishment
of his devotees.
o Advaitas say that everything in Universe is ruled by Maya ? No…they wrongly consider
the covering of the Lord to be tattva….In reality Lord can never be under anything
under tattva. Krishna does not suffer pangs of birth, aging, old age and disease.
o Current lack of understanding of Krishna in the material world is play of Maha-Maya.
From here we need to move to Goloka where as Gopis, we will be covered by Yoga-
Maya – Supreme bliss.
o Freewill must be used to associate with devotees and participate in the Nava vida
bhakti process….by doing this, the force of Maha-maya can be escapade
from….Krishna orders MM to release us. Daivi hy esha gunamayi……thru surrender,
we can overcome the bondage of Maha-maya.
o
Narayana and Krishna

That Narayana is identical with Shri Krishna. They are in fact one Person manifested only differently;
it is just like a High Court judge situated in different status in his office and at his home.
As Narayana He is manifested with four hands but as Krishna He is manifested with two hands.
When Brahma realized the truth about Shri Krishna at the end of his mystic action on the cows and
playmates of Shri Krishna, he said:—

"Oh My Lord! You are the witness of all the worlds. If you are the Super Soul of every living being are
you not then my directive father? You are Narayana because you are the sustainer of all living
beings. Narayana is your plenary portion. All the Purusha avatars are your Plenary Portions and all of
them are transcendental to the influence of material nature."

Shri Brahma Ji advanced some other reasons also in support of his conclusion that Shri Krishna is the
original Narayana.

He said therefore that the controlling Deities, of the living beings in the mundane worlds, are the
three Purusha Avatars. But potential energy displayed by Shri Krishna is far wide and extensive than
that of the Purushas. Shri Krishna is therefore the original father and Lord who protects all creative
manifestations by different plenary portions. He sustains even the restoring needs of the collective
living beings and as such there is no doubt about it that Shri Krishna is the original Narayana.

The purport of Brahma Ji's argument was that Purusha who sits within the heart of every living being
as well as the Purusha rests as Garbhodaka Shayee Vishnu all of them are plenary portions of Shri
Krishna. Thus Shri Krishna is conclusively the original Narayana.

ŚB 1.2.11

वदन्ति तत्तत्त्वववदस्तत्त्वं यज्ज्ञानमद्वयम् ।

ब्रह्मेवत परमात्मेवत भगवावनवत शब्द्यते ॥ ११ ॥

vadanti tat tattva-vidas

tattvaṁ yaj jñānam advayam
brahmeti paramātmeti
bhagavān iti śabdyate

Learned transcendentalists who know the Absolute Truth call this nondual substance Brahman,
Paramātmā or Bhagavān.

Scholars who argue that Narayana (according to Mayavada school) is the original Personality of
Godhead from Whom Krishna is an incarnation. This conclusion is derived on account of Shri Krishna
possessing only two hands while Narayana has four hands. Such less intelligent scholars do think two
hands are lesser than four hands without knowing the Absolute feature. For these scholars with poor
fund of knowledge Shrimad Bhagwat gives a befitting reply.

According to Srimad Bhagwatam (1.2.11) the word 'Bhagwan' is the principle word and impersonal
Brahman or Paramatma are two different corollaries deducted from the Absolute Personality as the
government and the ministers are deductions from the Supreme executive head. In other words the
purpose of this sloka of Srimad Bhagwat (1.2.11) is that the principal is exhibited in three different
phases. The Absolute Truth Personality of Godhead (Bhagwan) Sri Krishna is known as Brahman and
Paramatma but all of them are identical. This sloka is alone able to defeat the fallacious arguments
of less intelligent men.

ŚB 1.3.28

ete cāṁśa-kalāḥ puṁsaḥ

kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam
indrāri-vyākulaṁ lokaṁ
mṛḍayanti yuge yuge

All of the above-mentioned incarnations are either plenary portions or portions of the plenary
portions of the Lord, but Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa is the original Personality of Godhead. All of them appear on
planets whenever there is a disturbance created by the atheists. The Lord incarnates to protect the
theists.

advaitam acyutam anādim ananta-rūpam

ādyaṁ purāṇa-puruṣaṁ nava-yauvanaṁ ca

vedeṣu durlabham adurlabham ātma-bhaktau

govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi

(Bs. 5.33)

So advaita. Advaita means without duality. Advaita acyuta, Kṛṣṇa and Kṛṣṇa's expansion. Kṛṣṇa's
expansion: Baladeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Aniruddha, Pradyumna. Then Nārāyaṇa, then Mahā-
Viṣṇu, Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu—innumerable expansions.
It is said in the Bhagwat (2.10.1-2) that there are, in the text of the Bhagwat, ten subject matters
dealt in it. Out of the ten subject matters the tenth one is the Substance and the rest nine are
categories derived from the Substance. The Substance is Shri Krishna Himself or the transcendance
while the rest nine as described below are different categories. They are as follows:—

(1) Sarga:—Five elements, Five sense perceptions, ten sense-organs, Mind, Consciousness, ego. A
combination of this is the Cosmic manifestation including their original form in transcendance.

(2) Visarga:—Direct creation from Brahma, lord of the universe called Brahmanda.

(3) Sthiti:—Maintenance by the Personality of Godhead. Brahma is the Constructor of the universe,
Shiva is the destructor but Vishnu is the maintainer.

(4) Poshana:—Special care for the devotees. The king maintains his kingdom and looks after the
maintenance of his subjects but yet he has his special attention upon his family members. In the
same way the Personality of Godhead has His special care for His devotees who are completely
surrendered souls unto Him. This is called Poshana (family maintenance).

(5) Uti:—Urge for creation or the initiative power which is the cause of all inventions according to
the necessities of time, space and object.

(6) Manvantara:—Regulative principles for the living being who desires to make a perfection of
human life. The rules of Manu as described in the Manu Samhita are the guidance to such way of
perfection.

(7) Ishakatha:—Scriptural information in the matter of the Personality of Godhead, His descent on
the earth, the activities of His devotees, His agents, etc. Any scripture which deals in these subjects is
essential for human life in progress.

(8) Nirodhe:—Winding up of all potential energies employed in the matter of creation. Such
potencies are imanations from the Personality of Godhead Who eternally sleeps in the Karana
Ocean. Along with his breath the cosmic creation is manifested and wound up in due course.

(9) Mukti:—Liberation of the conditioned souls who have been encaged in the gross and subtle
coverings of body and mind. Mukti is the stage of living being when he is free from all material
affections.

(10) Ashraya:—The transcendence or Summum Bonum from Whom everything emanates, in Whom
everything rests and in everything merges into, is the Absolute Whole Supersoul.