F.L.
SmidthAirtech
Product Description
Fabric Filter
Type PulseClean
Technical Description
Following for guidance only
Product
Description
Introduction
The PulseClean is a modern fabric filter. The focus in the development of the filter has been to
minimize the operation cost (ie. long bag life, low differential pressure and low
consumption of compressed air). At the same time the capital cost is minimized (ie. low
steel weight, use of standard components , minimization of manufacturing,
transportation and erection cost)
As the flexibility of the design is very great there exist an optimal filter size to any medium to
high gas flow.
General Principles of Operation
The filter has been sized and designed for continuous operation over long periods with the
minimum of attention. The filter has been designed for on line cleaning or off line cleaning as
required and on line maintenance is normally available.
Hoist Purge tubes
and venturies
Weather enclosure
Top box lid
Staircase
Outlet damper
tower
Outlet duct
Inlet duct Casing
Inlet damper Hopper heating
Compressed air manifold
Air lock/Slide gate
Bags and cages
Screw conveyor or Drag chain Insulation
The Pulse Jet Fabric Filter consists of rows of circular filter bags suspended from a tube sheet
which separates the dirty and clean gas chambers within a compartment.
Each bag has an internal wire cage which supports the filter bag and prevents collapse.
Dust laden flue gas enters the filter inlet manifold through the existing ductwork.
Product
Description 2
Dust is collected on the outer surface of the filtration media allowing only clean gases to pass
through and into the top section above the tube sheet and then on to the outlet ducting and
stack.
The dust is removed from the filter bags by pulses of compressed air.
The cleaning is initiated by a differential pressure measurement when a predetermined level of
resistance across the filter is obtained.
During cleaning the dust falls into the hoppers to be taken away via the dust discharge system.
Gas and dust flow in the filter
Dust laden gas enters the inlet from the process equipment upstream and flow through the inlet
dampers into the individual compartments containing the bags.
The gas inlet point is typical in the hopper facilitating dust to drop out as the gas speed is
reduced.
Significant dust quantities therefore directly falls out in the hopper but the gas with the
remaining dust travels up between the bags.
The can velocity is kept at acceptable level by selecting reasonable dimensions of bag length
and bag pitch.
Clean gas outlet
Dust up flow between bags
Collected dust
Dust drop out
Raw gas with dust inlet Dust drop out
Product
Description 3
Pulse jet cleaning system
Within the clean gas chamber are purge tubes arranged in parallel rows in the pre-assembled
top box
Diaphragm valve
Compressed air manifold
Lifting eye Insulation
Top box lid
Soft glass fibre gasket
Venturi
Purge tubes
Tube sheet
Each purge tube has nozzles in the form of small holes positioned concentrically over the
venturi of each cage/bag assembly.
The purge tubes are simply connected to the external air manifold pipe work by locating the
open end of the tubes into sockets and ensuring that the other, closed ends are located on the
support angle to which they are fixed with clamp angles.
Externally mounted on the top of the filter is a compressed air manifold which is connected to
the purge tube.
The compressed air is effectively isolated from the purge tube by a diaphragm valve. The
diaphragm valve is linked to a pilot solenoid valve, the operation of which is initiated by the filter
Controller.
The pulse duration and interval can be adjusted at the filter Controller to optimise filter
operation and compressed air consumption rate.
The cleaning cycle is initiated by the filter Controller on receipt of an appropriate signal from a
differential pressure transmitter and ends when a lower differential pressure limit is achieved.
Sensing lines are fitted between the inlet and outlet duct work to facilitate these signals.
The differential pressure transmitter monitors the difference in static pressure between the inlet
of the filter and the clean, outlet side. Once the time averaged pressure drop attains 150 mm
WG,
the cleaning cycle is initiated and continues until such time as the lower set point of 130 mm
WG is attained. Both the start and stop cleaning trigger values will be optimised and set during
commissioning.
Product
Description 4
Each time the filter Controller initiates the operation of a solenoid valve, the associated
diaphragm valve opens briefly allowing a pulse of the compressed air to enter the jet tube. This
air exits the purge tube through small holes and passes down into a row of bags to facilitate the
cleaning of that row. The pulsed air causes the bags to rapidly accelerate away from their
support cages. The fabric bags have a finite point to which they can expand and when this
point is reached the bags rapidly decelerate. The dust collected on the outside surface of the
bags is not restricted to this finite point and continues to accelerate and is therefore removed
from the fabric.
Compressed air
A clean, dry compressed air supply should be provided to each air manifold. Exact quality of
the compressed air will be agreed at the contract stage.
The air for filters and dampers would normally pass through compressors, dryers (refrigeration
or absorption) oil filters and air receivers to provide dry and oil free compressed air.
Inlet and outlet dampers
The Inlet Dampers are of the Single Blade type and the Outlet dampers are of the double
bladed Multi Louvre type. The Inlet and Outlet Dampers will be used to isolate the Filter
compartments for maintenance periods. If the process requires, it is possible to close the Outlet
Damper only, in order to carry out Off Line Cleaning. For personal safety a mechanical locking
device is supplied to lock the Dampers in the closed position.
Single outlet damper Double inlet damper
Safety lock Limit switch
Pneumatic actuator
Safety lock Limit switch Pneumatic actuator
Dampers are fully welded sheet metal construction with stainless steel shaft and self adjusting
shaft seals. Flanges are according to EN ( DIN ) 24.193 T2. Maintenance free bearing with
reinforced Graphite bushing. The dampers are prepared for 150 mm insulation. The sealing
efficiency is more than 99,5 %
Filter casing top
Product
Description 5
The filter casing will be divided into two sections by a high level tube sheet, separating the
lower, dirty gas section from the upper, clean gas plenum.
The lower section contains rows of filter bags. The upper, top box will contain purge tubes for
bag cleaning, and carry the bags and cages from the tube sheet. Large insulated doors fitted
with seals, lifting lugs and clamping handles will be provided above the plenum for access to
the filter bags.
Casing parallel type
Top box
Inner side panel
Duct division section
Outer side panel
Division wall
Gable panel
Duct bottom section
Support beam
Casing single type
The complete filter casing will be fabricated from 5 mm mild steel, stiffened internally and
externally by rolled steel sections and tubes to withstand the gas pressure, wind loads and the
Product earthq uake zone required.
Description 6
Hoppers
The filter will be fitted with pyramid or longitudinal hoppers as required.
The hoppers are designed for smooth dust flow into the dust removal system.
The hoppers will be fabricated from 5 mm mild steel, stiffened externally by rolled steel sections
to withstand the gas and dust load pressure, wind loads and the earthquake zone if required.
Pyramid hopper
Bottom with heated area (Optional)
Level indicator
(Optional)
Inspection hatch
Pneumatic hammer
(Optional) Insulation
Thermosensor Heating element
Air heated area
Hammering edge
Longitudinal hopper
Bottom with heated area (Optional)
Side wall
Level indicator
(Optional)
Gable wall Insulation
Pneumatic hammer
Inspection door (Optional)
Heating element
Air heated area
If required the hopper is fitted with 4 electrical heating elements to heat up the hopper surface
to prevent dust sticking to the hopper surface, and to generally warm the filter when it is out of
service, in order to keep the fabric dry thus reducing any degradation of the filter fabric. The
rating of each heating element is typically 2 kW, total installed power pr. filter hopper is typically
8 kW.
The heater elements will be fed from fuses in the MCC and will be thermostatically controlled
to a maintain a temperature of 80-90 oC. The exact temperature will be set during
commissioning of the filter.
Each hopper will be fitted with a high level sensor used to initiate an alarm in case the hopper
level reaches high level for instance if the collected dust bridges and do not discharge from the
hopper.
Product
Description 7
Dust removal
All dust is collected in the hoppers and discharged via some form of dust handling system.
Screw conveyor, drag chain, air slide, rotary air lock, double flap gate, slide gate, ore the most
common by applied equipment.
The solution of type depends of
- Customer requirement
- Abrasive / non abrasive
- Free flowing / agglomerating
Screw conveyor Drag chain
When screw conveyors are applied, When the drag chain are applied, dust is
dust from the individual hoppers are often typically fed directly into the drag chain
fed into the screw conveyor via rotary air lock.
Hopper
Hopper
Hopper
Hopper
(Slide
gate)
Air lock
Turning station
300 mm chain (Standard)
(Lubricated intermediate bearing)
Air lock
Typical dust removal options
Below some typical configurations of hopper dust handling equipment illustrated.
Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber
Hopper Hopper Hopper
Hopper Hopper
(Lubricated intermediate bearing)
Drive station Drive station
Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber
Hopper Hopper Hopper
Hopper Hopper
Screw conveyor
Drag chain
Air lock
Slide gate
Product
Description 8
Filter Bags and Cages
The tubular filter bags are made from the bag quality requested, or as recommended by
F.L.Smidth Airtech
Typical bag material Temperature limits oC
PTFE needle felt 260
PPS needle felt 190
Wowen glass with e-PTFE membrane 260
Polyimide needle felt 240
Polyester needle felt 150
m-Aramid needle felt 200
Each filter bag incorporates a stainless steel snap ring sewn into the top of the bag which,
when fitted, locates securely in the tube sheet effecting a seal.
To support the fabric of the bag a mild steel wire (or stainless steel) cage is provided. The cage
is designed to support the fabric evenly and restrict flexing and abrasion of the filter bag whilst
allowing optimum dust release at the time of cleaning. The cage will be without joints as
standard, but can be offered with a split joint if required.
Each cage consists of 10 or 16 vertical wires, depending of the choice of the fabric, evenly
spaced about its’ circumference which are, in turn, attached to horizontal bracing rings placed
at appropriate intervals along its’ length.
Filtration phase Bag cleaning phase
Filter bag Dust fallout
Raw gas with dust Purge air
Clean gas outlet
Filter bag Cage
A feature of each cage is a venturi, a spun section, located at the top of the cage, designed to
enhance the pulse cleaning of the filter bag.
Product
Description 9
Bag replacement and plugging
Should individual bag failure occur, these can be individually plugged at the tube plate level
without removing the purge tubes, cage or bags. Up to 5% of the bags can be plugged without
undue interference to the operation of the fabric filter.
For major bag replacement, the procedure is as follows.
- Close in/outlet dampers to compartment (if applicable)
- Open inspection doors
- Remove the purge tube for the bag row to be replaced
- Remove cage
- Remove bag, either by lifting bag up through tube sheet, or alternatively let bag drop into
hopper and fetch bag through hopper inspection door
- Installation of new bags take place in reverse order
Access
If required a stair tower is provided to gain access to the weather enclosure area and the
platform below the gas in/outlet manifold area.
A vertical emergency ladder can be provided from penthouse area down to ground area to
facilitate an escape route.
When the access doors and the insulation covers on the top section are unbolted and removed
by using the monorail system, there is access to replace the bags. One monorail is extended to
reach out so the hoist can be used to ship in material to the weather enclosure area.
All the area in the top section is insulated and covered with steel plated in such a manner that it
is safe to walk in all this area.
Safe lockable removable hatches are fitted to each hopper allowing inspection inside the
hopper.
Dimensioned for loads:
Walks. Evenly distributed 3kN/m2
Walks. Single load 3 kN within 100x100 mm
Railings. Horizontal 0.4 kN/m
Standard. DIN 260
800
500 500
500
230 700
200
1100 1100
550
Max 9000
6000
100 500
ø25
Max 3000
2400
Min 2200
Tube 48.3 x 3.2
800 Tube 26.9 x 2.6 Platform 800
3600
Grate 30 x 30 x 3 Staircase tower
Access to the inlet dampers can be made from platform at the hoppers. The inlet manifold
area can be inspected when the filter is shut down through separate inspection hatch.
The outlet dampers are inspected (compressed air and electrical connection) from the weather
enclosure area.
Also from the weather enclosure area is provided an inspection hatch to inspect the outlet
manifold internally when filter is shut down.
Product
Description 10
Differential pressure control
A differential pressure switch is provided to monitor the resistance to flow across the filter and
will, when required, initiate a cleaning cycle. The microprocessor controls the valves and also
monitors the cleaning cycle to ensure the correct sequence of operation.
Consecutive cleaning of the bags will continue until the pressure drop across the filter has
reached a predetermined level. The controller will then stop the cleaning sequence. When the
pressure drop rises again above a predetermined level the controller will re-activate the
cleaning cycle from where it stopped.
Compressed air pressure switches (option)
The compressed air manifolds for each compartment will be fitted with 2 pressure switches to
monitor the correct performance of the diaphragm valves. When the diaphragm valves are
activated the pressure in the compressed air manifolds is detected to identify that the valve
open and closes correctly. The signals from the compressed air pressure switches are wired
into the local filter controller.
Burst bag detection system (option)
Each compartment outlet duct is fitted with a simple dust monitor. The function of this
instrument is to provide an alarm in case bags fails and starts to pass dust to the clean side. The
signal from the burst bag detection systems are wired into the main control system.
Product
Description 11
Pendular Supports
In many situations, it may be advantageous to use a pendular support (column support). This
support is a combination of vertical columns and cross diagonals, both made of square tube
profiles welded together during erection.
FF
Direction of motion
Spherical top
Fixed point Guide ring
(To be cut away
after erection)
Guide ring
Spherical top
Foundation bolt
Concrete
Economically, the above form of supporting is normally very attractive, and in areas with
extreme wind and earthquake forces, offers great technical advantages, therefore, we strongly
recommend this system.
The heat expansion of the filter is absorbed in the individual columns by their angular
movement in relation to the points of support on the foundations. One of the columns is fixed
with cross diagonals in several directions, and the other columns move radially from this
column, some of them being, however, provided with cross diagonals in one direction because
of wind and possible earthquake forces. At the top and bottom, each column has a semi
spherical journal, which centralises the loads from the filter and at the same time prevents the
occurrence of undesired bending moments in the columns.
Rigid Steel Support With Slide or Roller Bearing
Product
Description 12
An alternative to the above-mentioned support is a traditional rigid steel support. When using
this system, the precipitator is equipped with roller or slide bearings, so that heat expansion of
the filter can take place safely and be controlled.
Concrete Support
Instead of using a rigid steel support, a concrete support can also be used on which roller or
slide bearings are mounted.
Slide or roller bearing support
If the support of the filter is a rigid concrete or steel structure, the filter is erected on roller or
slide bearings. The bearings ensure minimum forces on the casing and foundations arising
from the thermal expansion and contraction of the precipitator.
Roller bearing Slide bearing
FF
FF
Spherical top Rolling direction Spherical body Slide direction
Teflon covered
steel plate
Concrete support Steel support Stainless steel plate
There is a bearing for each filter foot, except for one with a fixed foot. The bearings are oriented
radially in relation to the fixed foot placed near the centre of the filter. The bearings are
dimensioned to carry the dead load of the precipitator inclusive of bottom hoppers filled with
dust and to transmit wind and possible earthquake forces to the support. Each bearing as well
as the fixed foot is equipped with a semi spherical journal at its top for the purpose of
centralising the forces in the centre of the columns and bearings. The bearings are supplied in
different sizes according to the size of the filter.
Product
Description 13
Weather enclosure
If the filter is located outdoor a weather enclosure is often provided to facilitate good conditions
for inspection and replacing of the filter bags.
The enclosure can be offered either designed for use of single piece cages or split cages.
Axial fan is also offered to ventilate the weather enclosure.
Hoist
Lagging support
Hoist Main structure
Weather enclosure
Insulation, cladding
An important factor for the function and life of the filter is an efficient heat-insulation. To avoid
condensation with consequent corrosion and reduced lifetime as well as to avoid uncontrolled
heat expansion and deformation, the total surface of the precipitator is insulated carefully with
mineral wool. The insulation is to be covered, taking into account the heat expansion of the
filter, with appropriate sheeting.
The thickness of the mineral wool vary from 100 to 150 mm.
Product
Description 14
Filter control system
Smart Pulse Controller SPC
FLS miljo has developed a modern control system tailored to control fabric filters.
The control system built in a great number of routines that help operating the filter at a
minimum cost and ensure malfunction are identified and can be attended to quickly and dealt
with effectively.
The control system is designed for both serial and parallel interface to both the plant control
system and the field components (valves, dampers, instruments)
Serial communication is often used as this system is cost effective (material and time)
Compressed air manifold
pressure
Valve operation
Compartment emission
Filter control system
Plant control system
Filter pressure drop
Auxiliary equipment
(Dampers etc.)
Filter control system
Measurement Result
1) Filter p between inlet & outlet manifold Optimized air consumption, filter p and
minimum
wear of bags
2) Compressed air manifold pressure Check of correct valve operation and compressed
air supply
Detection Result
1) Dust content in clean gas and next Able to detect and locate bag failure
row to be cleaned (optional)
2) Damper position Information regarding which compartments are in
operation
Plant control system
Measurement/Detection Result
1) Hopper level indicator Warning/Alarm in case of high level
2) Hopper temperature (optional) Avoid condensation in hopper by control of
heating
F.L.Smidth Airtech is continuously improving the jet pulse fabric filter and therefore reserves the right to change its
technical specifications without prior warning.
This description including appertaining sketches is a general description containing various options and solutions,
which are not necessarily enclosed in a specific quotation. For details of the specific quotation please refer to the
actual technical specifications.
HVP/EMB Rev1A
F.L.Smidth Airtech supplies Air Polution Control equipment: Electrostatic Ramsingsvej 30
precipitators • FabriClean pulse-jet fabric filters • Gas conditioning towers DK-2500 Valby
• Desulphurization systems • COROMAX pulse systems • PIACS microprocessor
controllers and other advanced electrical control systems • Dust transport
Tel. +45 3618 2000
Product and storage equipment • All kinds of auxiliary equipment like fans, flue Fax. +45 3618 2030
Rev. 1 MRS
gas ducts, cyclones etc. • We supply new equipment or upgrading of existing E-mail: [email protected]
Description equipment – no matter whether the existing equipment is supplied by us or not. www.flsairtech.com
