COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING care system from Disease-Oriented System to a

Health-Oriented System.
What is CHN?
Why nurses document and keep the patients’
- Delivers nursing care to people
record?
outside hospitals.
(e.g. Home, Community Hospitals, - Because this will serve as reference in the
Police Custody, Schools) future.

Importance & Goals of CHN? - If the client would show any unusual
happenings, his/her records will serve as first
- Is to help & preserve the health of the
basis for Disease occurrence, because history
community & surrounding populations
repeats itself and would serve as an evidence if
by focusing on Health promotion and
negligence or manipulation was transparent.
Health maintenance of individuals,
family and group within the community. Difference between Nursing Process & Family
Nursing Process
Mission of CHN
Nursing Process
 Social Justice – Understand the value of
working together - It is the problem-solving approach used to
 Health Protection – Harness the identify, prevent, and treat actual or potential
capacity of the people health problem & promote wellness.

Community health and public health nursing *Assessment, Diagnosis,

Outcome/Planning, Implementation,
- is the synthesis of nursing practice and public
Evaluation*
health practice.
Family Nursing Process
Difference between CHN and PHN
- An approach which would help family develop
CHN
and strengthen its capability to meet its health
– A branch of nursing practice, involves the care needs and solve health problems.
of individuals, family, community, and larger
Society & Community
community.
Society
PHN
- A group of people living in a shared territory
- A branch of CHN, specific practice of CHN,
with similar culture and beliefs/ involved in a
concerned with the health of the general public.
large group that shares the same opinions &
Types of CHN perspective, and hobbies.

 School Nursing/Institutional Nursing Social

 Company/Industrial Nursing - relating to living together in organized groups
 Public Health Nurse or similar close aggregates.
 Travelling Nursing
Community
Community Health Nurses are in a position to
assist in the transition of the Philippine health
- Group of people who follow a social structure  Medical Models – Define health according
(e.g. Religion, Morals, Customs, Values – Village, to biological entity.
Towns, Countries).  Health Illness Continuum – According to
DUNN, our state of health is
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) dynamic/constantly fluctuating.

- Produce by the placenta, they may cause

eclampsia (can be genetic) or fluctuated BP
while giving birth/pregnant.
 High Level Wellness Model – Tells the
Family – Fundamental Unit of service in the environment that you are having.
- The higher you go up, the higher the
community.
favorable environment you will have.
 Bone Cells – Osteocytes - Ideal Environment: Right upper quadrant
 Brain – Neuron (means you are well and in favorable
 Kidney filtering unit– Nephron environment.)

Different types of Psyche (Sigmund Freud)

 Primitive – (Pleasure seeker)

 Ego – (Sense of presence, sense of
reality, balances your superego)
 Superego – (Conscience (mind)

Types of Consciousness

 Conscious – Aware of what is

happening
 Sub-Conscious – Store in the mind,
memories, learning  Societal Role - Fulfill your societal role
 Unconscious – Undesirable memories  Eudaemonistic – Happiness that are able to
are stored, traumas. transcends to others. (Eudaemona =
Happiness)
Alpha State – Most relax state of mind  Agent-Host Environmental Model – Talks
about Agents, Host, Environment
EEG – Electroencephalogram – Used in o Environment – Bi product of
hypnosis Interaction
 Stress  Distress
Spiritual – “whatever you do has higher purpose” –
 Mal-Adaptive – Non-
Altruism
therapeutic coping
According to WHO “Health” is defined as o Agent –
 Matter  even the
- A complete state of well-being (Physical, Mental, & smallest mass (e.g. virus)
Social well-being and not merely the absence of  Energy
disease, infirmity, or manifestations.  Information
Other definition of “Health”: Models of Health o Host – All organisms.

Determinants of Health
  Income & Social Status – Higher income & Definitions and focus of Public Health and
social status is linked to better health. Community Health
 Education – Low education levels are linked
C.E.Winslow defines public health as
to poor health, more stress & lower self-
confidence. - the science and art of preventing diseases,
 Physical Environment – Safe water & clean prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency
air, healthy work place, safe houses, through organized community effort”
communities & roads all contribute to good
health. Definitions and focus of Public Health and
 Employment & Working Conditions – Community Health
People in employment are healthier,  sanitation of the environment
especially those who have control of their  control of communicable infection
working conditions.
 Health education in personal hygiene
 Social Support Network – Greater support
 Organization of medical and nursing
from families, friends, and communities is
services for early detection and preventive
linked to better health
treatment of diseases
 Genetics – Inheritance plays a part in
determining lifespan, healthiness, and the Key Functions of the Nurse in Public Health
likelihood of developing illness.
a. Assessment- regular collection, analysis and
 Personal behavior & Coping skills – Balance
information sharing about health
eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking
conditions, risks and resources in a
and how we deal with life’s stresses and
community
challenges all affect health.
 Health Services – Access on the use of b. Policy development- use of information
services that prevent and treat diseases gathered during assessment to develop
influences health. local and state health policies and to direct
 Gender – Men and women suffer from resources towards policies
different types of diseases at different ages.
 Culture – Customs & Traditions and beliefs c. Assurance- focuses on the availability of the
of family & community linked to better necessary health services throughout the
health. community. It includes maintaining the
ability of both public health agencies and
Trepanning or Trephination – Drilling a hole in the private providers to manage day to day
head operations and having the capacity to
respond to the critical situations and
 RA 7160 – Local Government Code:
emergencies
Responsibility for the delivery of basic
services of the national government. Public health efforts focus on preventive and
 LGU – Local Government Unit promotion of population health at the national and
 RHU – Rural Health Unit City/municipal local levels. These efforts at the national level
GDUT manages the health centers or rural concentrate on providing support and advisory
health units. services to public health structures at the local level.
 BHS – Barangay Health Station The local level structures provide direct services to
 HCDS – Dependent on Resources communities through
Roles & Function of DOH of PHCDS 1. Environmental health services which
protect the public from hazards such as
o Leadership in Health
polluted water, air and tainted food
o Enabler and capacity builder
 2. Personal health care services such as pathogenesis. Ex. Screening for
immunization, and family planning services, Sexually Transmitted Infection 
well infant and maternal care and o III. Tertiary level - targets
treatment prevalent health conditions, both population that has experienced
communicable and non-communicable diseases or injury and focuses on
limitation of disability and
Essential Public Health Functions
rehabilitation. Ex. Teaching insulin
a. Health situation monitoring and analysis administration at home
 Rehabilitation = Capitalize
b. Epidemiological surveillance/ disease whatever is left on the
prevention and control patient
 Recovery – Bring back the
c. Development of policies and planning in
patient to their previous
public health
level of functioning
d. Strategic management of health systems
Levels of clientele of the community health nurse
and services for population health gain
Levels of Clientele:
e. Regulation and enforcement to protect
public health o Individual
f. f. Human resource and development o Family
planning in public health o Group/Aggregate
o The community as a whole in many settings
g. g. Health promotion, social participation (homes, clinics, schools)
and empowerment
- Family is the basic unit of care in the community
h. h. Ensuring the quality of personal and health nursing.
population based services
- When the nurse uses community organizing as a
i. i. Research, development and strategy for health promotion and disease
implementation of innovative public health prevention, focus of care is the entire community.
solutions
- Community analysis, nurse conducts interviews
Health Promotion and Levels of Prevention with families as the units of data collection.
 Health Promotion- enhance resources
directed at improving well being
 Disease Prevention- protect people from
disease and effects of disease
o Primary level- relates to activities
directed at preventing a problem
before it occurs by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals. The 2
elements are 1. general health
promotion and 2. specific
protection Ex. Immunization
o Secondary level-refers to early
detection and prompt
intervention or early treatment
during the early period of disease