Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513

4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2020)

Enhancing Students’ Speaking Skill and Motivation

Through Instagram Vlog
Trisilia Devana* Nurul Afifah
Universitas Baturaja, Palembang, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Technological advance and change in human social activity affect’s many fields, including in education. This is
bringing significant changes, especially in Indonesia, in teaching and learning English as Foreign Language. Most of
educators take this advantage of technological advance as the media in their teaching and find the appropriate one to
enhance students’ motivation in learning. The phenomenon in trend of using social media could be alternative
supporting teaching practices. The sample of this research is the 36 students of English Education study program at
FKIP Baturaja University which chosen randomly. In collecting the data, the research instruments were a speaking
test and a questionnaire of Speaking Motivational Scale (SMS). The results of this research showed that there was an
improvement both students’ speaking skill and motivation after the treatment was applied in wchich compared
between the experimental class and control class. Furthermore, based on the value of the Sig. (2-tailed) and the level
of significance, it can be said that it is significantly effective to use Instagram vlogs to improve the speaking skills and
motivation through students in the English Education Study Program at Baturaja University.

Keywords: Speaking skill, Motivation, Instagram vlog, Teaching practices.

1. INTRODUCTION classroom is often a significant challenge. The

importance of speaking in the language classroom is not
The phenomenon about students’ problem in English just as a communication skill, but also as a means of
speaking classroom is studied by many researchers. facilitating the acquisition of the target language and the
Some of them, the focuses related to students’ self learning academic content [3]. In contrary the speaking
confidence [1]. Those problems impact on the students’ problem faced by students are influenced many factors,
speaking skill. Thus, the teachers should be able to such as their intrinsic motivation, confident and anxiety
conduct a comfortable classroom situation. They can always there.
offer a lot of teaching learning methods or strategies. In
addition, the trend technology can be utilized by the Motivation plays an important role in teaching and
teacher or instructor to solve the problem. Kinds of learning process. It determines to become a successful
technology and social media such as facebook, twitter, student or not. When the students are motivated to learn
blog, video blog, youtube, instagram and others [2]. they will engage in learning and influence their
performance. Schunk, et. al., [12] suggested that the
The requirement of a teacher during the teaching choice of task, effort, and persistence as the relevant
learning process in classroom to choose teaching indexes of motivation that usefully inform the students’
activities that are interesting for the students is motivation in learning. Motivation is probably the most
mandatory to be carry out. Especially in teaching frequently used catch-all term for explaining the success
English speaking, choosing alternative media, methods or failure of virtually any complex task. It is easy to
or fun activities that attract students’ interest and assume that success in any task is due simply to the fact
motivation must be the focus for the teacher. Also, that someone is “motivated” [4].
finding ways to practice oral communication outside the

Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513

The rapid development of technology and social 2.2 Vlog and Instagram
media, they are facebook, twitter, blog, video blog,
youtube, instagram and others, had been useful to Vlogs or video blog are video collections that are
support the language learning. According to Mutmainna serving both as an audiovisual life documentary, and as
[9] one of the latest approaches of teaching and learning a vehicle for communication and interaction on the
English is by integrating technology in the classroom internet. Typical durations of vlog are between 1 and 6
environment. Nowadays, blog and instagram had minutes or more [12]. Vlogging can improve students’
become an exploding passion among social media site. talk time, confidence, and speaking motivation. More
They are the most popular phenomenon among people oral communication practice can help students improve
in every life as a friend for everybody. It is considered mastery of new vocabulary and grammar, decrease
as an alternative media that can increase students’ skill shyness, and develop fluency. Vlogging also can
and motivation. encourage self-monitored speaking. Because, after
students arrange the concept of speaking content and
There are numbers of studies related to the influence then before they submit their vlog to the teacher, they
of vlog to the students’ speaking skill and also related to should listen to it themselves.
the use of instagram as current trend in three recent
years [5]. Moreover, there are numbers of studies that According to Sun [13], there are five stages in
found vlog as motivated media in students speaking [6]. vlogging activity: (1) conceptualizing, (2)
In this research, researcher apply instagram vlog as brainstorming, (3) articulation, (4) monitor, and (5)
media for the students to express their speaking and evaluating. Furthermore, the criteria in evaluating the
researcher limit the topic and kind of text with vlogging assignments adapted from Watkins (2012)
procedure text. Because procedure text the concept is they are vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, fluency
about how make something, how something works or and content [9].
use through a sequence of steps or method as in the The most popular mobile applications are youtube
application of instagram vlog. and instagram. While instagram is a mobile application
This research conducted to investigate whether the that allows users to capture and share images and
use instagram vlog enhance the students’ speaking skill videoes with followers [10]. It launched since 2010.
and motivation in English speaking skill. According to Instagram collaborate with vlog or instagram vlog can
the explanation above, the research questions are accommodate speaking practices.
formulated as follow: (1) is it significantly effective to
instagram vlog to improve the students’ speaking skill? 2.2 Concept of Procedure Text
and (2) is it significantly effective to use instagram vlog
to improve the students’ Englishs speaking motivation? In generally procedure text is text used to explain
how to make something, how something works or how
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND to use something through a sequence of steps or method.
According to Wadirman, et. al.,[14] the generic
structures of procedure text are (1) goal / purpose, (2)
2.1 Teaching speaking skill
material, and (3) methods / steps. While there are five
Speaking skill is being capable of speech, expressing general components of language features in procedure
or exchanging thoughts through using language. It text, they are: (1) imperative sentences, (2) Action
enables the students to express themselves verbs, (3) Connections, (4) Adverbials, and (5) simple
imaginatively and creatively to interact with others in present tense [11].
order to achieve certain goals or to express their
opinions, intensions, hopes, and viewpoints. Moreover, 2.3 Teaching Procedure by using Instagram
the goal of teaching speaking is to guide the students Vlog
capable in speech of oral communication by transferring
message through voice. The importance of speaking in The teaching procedures by using instagram vlog:
the language classroom is not just as a communication (a) teacher ask students to make some groups consist of
skill, but also as a means of facilitating the acquisition 3 students. Then, teacher ask the students to plan what
of the target language and the learning academic content they want to say and how to say it. The teacher can let
[8]. In speaking, there are some aspects that must be the students to watch others vlog video for ideas, (b) in
fulfilled by the students. it can be used as a this stage, the teacher asks the students to make or
measurement whether their speechs are good or not. concept the content of vlog: what they want to say in the
Those are fluency, comprehension, grammar, video. They make a script based on the concept of
vocabulary, and pronunciation [9]. procedure text, (c) students do rehearsal before starting
to shoot their speaking, (d) before uploading the video,
students need to check the content of the video, (e)

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teacher evaluate students’ instagram vlog with the rubric Low degree of Motivation. In analyzing the data both
score. score of speaking skill and motivation, it used
independent t-test.
3. METHOD
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The research method is quasi experimental design
with one experimental group and one control group. The The objective of this research was to investigate the
experimental group taught by using treatment and for effectiveness of treatment in teaching speaking classes
control group without the treatment, the teaching using Instagram vlogs in enhancing students’ speaking
process for six meetings. The limitation text in the skills and their motivation to speak English. The results
speaking classroom is procedure text, and as the of this research presented below describe the results of
students’ learning task have three videos of instagram effectiveness in two variables, namely the effectiveness
vlog for each group that were analyzed. There were of instagram vlogs on speaking skills and the
three steps in this research. Firstly, researcher gave pre- effectiveness of Instagram vlogs in enhancing students'
test for speaking test and speaking motivation motivation to speak in English [14].
questionnaire for both groups. The second step was
The experimental and control undertook pre and
teaching speaking class by integrating instagram vlog as
post-test so that the effects of the treatment by using
the research treatment for experimental group. The third
Instagram could be established. The analysis with
was post-test for both experimental group and control
independent t-test was used to ascertain whether the pre
group. The sample of this research is the students of
and post-test results differed meaningfully.
English education study program at Baturaja University
in academic year 2019/2020 which consists of 36
students. 4.1 The effectiveness of Instagram vlogs in
enhancing students’ speaking skills
In collecting the data, the instruments are test and
questionnaire, they are a speaking test and a In this result, this research covered the result of
questionnaire of Speaking Motivational Scale (SMS). descriptive statistical analysis of pre and post tests
Speaking skill test is oral test, the test is individual test students’ speaking skill both two groups and the
for every student. Students’ responses were recorded discussion of the research finding. The researcher did
and scored by two rater by using Speaking scoring the data analysis by using SPSS. The result of pre-test
rubric (Brown, 2004). The rubric covers pronunciation, and post-test of control group and experimental group
grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. The were presented as followed:
rating score consist 1 to 5. Table 1. Table descriptive statistical analysis pre-test
Moreover, the second research instrument, dan post-test both two groups
Questionnaire of Speaking Motivational Scale (SMS)
addapted from Yesilyurt composes of 31 items with Group Pre-test Post-test
N Mean S N Mean S
three sections and six subsections. The three sections are
Contrl 19 53.58 11.325 19 69.68 7.372
amotivation, extrinsic motivation (external regulation, Exprmtl 17 53.29 11.021 17 76.82 6.002
interjection regulation, identified regulation) and
intrinsic motivation (knowledge, accomplishment, and
simulation) [12]. The score from table 1 as the descriptive statistical
Each item of the questionnaire had five-point scale, analysis ashowed that the score among the control group
with alternatives, like strongly agree, agree, moderate, for pre-test ( = 53.58, S = 11.325) and post-test ( =
disagree, and strongly disagree. In order to score the 69.68, S = 7.372). The increasing score between pre-test
statement or question, the alternatives are scored 5 for to post-test was 16.10. Moreover, the score among the
like strongly agree,4 for agree,3 for undecided, 2 for experimental group for pre-test ( = 53.29, S = 11.021)
disagree and 1 for strongly disagree the questionnaire and post-test ( = 76.82, S = 6.002). The increasing
was distributed to the 17 students who belong to score between pre-test to post-test of experimental
experimental class with the treatment by using group was 23.51.
instagram vlog. The questionnaires were distributed The first conditions of student speaking skill
before and after the treatment applied. The technique of outcomes among experimental group with pre-test
scoring the questionnaires the writer used Likert Scale value, the data found that the average pre-test value of
Type [13]. Such scale was used in the questionnaire to the experimental group was 53.29and the interpretation
specify the level of the agreement or disagreement of the value is lacking. While for the control group, it
based on the following criteria: Mean Range was found to be average pre-test value of 53.58 with
Interpretation 3.68 – 5.00 High degree of Motivation less value interpretation [15]. Then carried out the
2.34 – 3.67 Moderate degree of Motivation 1.00 – 2.33 average difference test the pre-test scores of the

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experimental and control groups with the independent are differences significant among the mean teaching
sample T Test with the help of the SPSS application. It outcomes post-test students who did learning by using
is found that the sig. (2-tailed) equal to 0.276 which instagram vlog with students who do not use instagram
means greater than 0.05. Thus, it can be known that vlog in enhancing students’ speaking score.
there is no difference significance between the pre-test
From the table above, the Sig. (2-tailed) =
means experimental group and control group. After the
0.000 less than the level of significance (α = 0.05). It
pre-test was carried out in experimental and control
can be said that it is significantly effective to use
groups, next given treatment. The treatment conducted
Instagram vlogs to improve the speaking skills of
six times, plus 2 meetings for the pre-test and post-test.
students in the English Education Study Program at
Furthermore, the post-test was carried out in
Baturaja University.
experimental and control group. From data the post-test
score, the final condition of the result is known learning
experimental group students at 76.82 with good 4.2 The Effectiveness of Instagram vlog in
interpretation. While for the final condition of student enhancing students’ speaking motivation
learning outcomes control class is indicated by mean
From Table 3, it can be seen the frequency and
post-test value of 69.68 with enough interpretation.
percentage of the students’ responses about their
To see whether the increase that happened increased motivation in speaking English before they taught by
significantly or not, the pre-test and post-test data the using instagram vlog. The data shown that 11.8 %
experimental group was tested by paired test sample t students in high degree of motivation, 47.1% students in
test, with data requirements normally distributed and moderate degree of motivation and 41.2 % students in
homogeneous. After the pre-test and post-test data low degree of motivation.
known to be normal and homogeneous, then the data Table 2. Score of Speaking Motivational questionnaire
calculated by using the paired sample t test whose
before treatment
calculations are assisted by SPSS application. Obtained
that sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 that it means less than Criteria f %
0.05. With thus, it can be concluded that there is a
significant difference between the mean value of the High degree of Motivation 2 11.8
class pre-test and post-test experiment. This shows that Moderate degree of Motivation 8 47.1
experimental class students experienced a significant Low degree of Motivation 7 41.2
increase in learning outcomes after being given
Total 17 100.0
treatment by using Instagram vlog. While processing
data with control class, to know is there an increase
significant or not, then the pre-test data and the post test
was tested by paired test sample t test with data
requirements normally distributed and homogeneous.
After the pre-test and post-test data known to be normal
and homogeneous, then the data calculated by using the
paired sample t test with the help of the SPSS
application. It is found that the sig. (2-tailed) equal to
0,000 which means less than 0.05. Thus, it can be
concluded that there is a significant difference between
the pre-test and post-test mean scores control class. This
shows that control class students experienced a
significant increase in learning outcomes after apply the
process learning [16].
Furthermore, testing is carried out hypothesis. To
see any differences between the experimental classes Figure 1. Score of Speaking Motivation before
and control, then the data obtained from both classes are treatment
processed by testing independent sample t test. As for
data which used for testing hypothesis with independent Furthermore, from table 4, it can be seen the
sample t test that is using post-test value data frequency and percentage of the students’ responses
experimental and control class. After class post-test data about their motivation in speaking English before they
experiment and control known normally distributed and taught by using instagram. The data shown that 70.6 %
homogeneous, then the data were processed by using students in high degree of motivation, 29.4 % students
independent sample test t test. The sig value is known, in moderate degree of motivation and none students in
(2-tailed) of 0,000, which means less than 0.05, then Ha low degree of motivation.
is accepted and H0 is rejected. With other words there

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Table 3. Score of Speaking Motivational questionnaire instagram vlog in their language classrooms to increase
after treatment the motivation in speaking english, since this media
enables the students to express themselves
Criteria f % imaginatively and creatively to interact with others in
High degree of motivation 12 70.6 order to achieve certain goals or to express their
opinions, intensions, hopes, and viewpoints. vlogging
Moderate degree of motivation 5 29.4 also can encourage self-monitored speaking, because
Total 17 100.0 after students arrange the concept of speaking content
and then before they submit their vlog to the teacher,
they should listen to it themselves. and suggestions for
further research are to improve lesson delivery, it is
important firstly to focus on students’ pronunciation in
the english language before students make the vlogs.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research is sponsored by Direktorat Riset dan
Pengabdian Masyarakat Direktorat Jenderal Riset dan
Pengembangan Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan
Pendidikan Tinggi. It financed at 2020 year, researchers
would like to express thank you very much and for
LPPM Universitas Baturaja also indebted to the students
of English Education study program, Universitas
Baturaja for their support and cooperation.
Figure 2. Score of Speaking Motivation after treatment
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