Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Human Biology (4HB1) Paper 01

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November 2021
Question Paper Log Number P67060RRA
Publications Code 4HB1_01_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) (i) Conditions Result/no/scale of
bubbles 3 marks
Room temperature 5
Alkali added 3
Acid added 2
3°C 1
70°C 0
no hydrogen peroxide 0
added

• two column table;

• headings;
• correct order of results (high to low/ORA);

(ii) • no repeats/only done once;

1 mark

(iii) • results based on 1 mark

judgement/subjective/qualitative;

(iv) • repeats; 3 marks

• measure volume of oxygen;
• using gas syringe/other suitable apparatus;

(b) (i) untreated/room temperature; 1 mark

(ii) control; 1 mark

(iii) • reduced/low enzyme activity;

• not at optimum pH;
• active site changed;
• fewer enzyme substrate 4 marks
complexes/substrate won't fit;

Total 14 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) • movement of molecules;
• from high to low concentration/down a 2marks
diffusion/concentration gradient;

(b) any three of

• movement of molecules against a

concentration gradient/low to high
concentration;
• using energy; 3marks
• in the form of ATP;
• ref protein channels;

(c) any two of

• movement of water;
• from high to low water potential/down a ignore ref to high/low
water potential gradient; conc of water 2marks
• across a partially/selectively/semi
permeable membrane;

Total 7 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a)
Component Name Function
red blood carry/transport
A
cell/erythrocyte oxygen
white blood 4 marks
B engulf bacteria;
cell/phagocyte;
C platelets; clotting;

(b) (i) any five of

• enzyme/thromboplastin/thrombokinase;
• released from (damaged) platelets; reject secrete
• prothombin to thrombin;
• fibrinogen to fibrin;
• meshwork formed;
• trapped rbc form clot; 5 marks
• ref. to Ca2+;

(ii) • prevents loss of too much blood;

• prevents entry of pathogens/bacteria; 3 marks
• which would cause infection/prevents infection;

Total 12 marks
 Question number Answer Notes Marks
4 (a) (i) line labelled X to mouth; 1mark

1mark
(ii) line labelled Y to stomach;

(iii) line labelled Z to pancreas; 1mark

(b) any 4 of
• reduced surface area;
• so unable to absorb calcium; 4marks
• required for bones/compact bone;
• calcium passes from bone;
• causes them to weaken/soften/lose density;

(c) • large intestine absorbs water; 2marks

• not enough absorbed;

Total 9 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) any four of

• exhale through tube A;

• time how long for limewater to go cloudy;
• replace limewater;
• inhale through tube B; 4 marks
• compare time to go cloudy;

(ii) • more carbon dioxide in exhaled air;

• quicker/less time to go cloudy with exhaled
air; 3 marks
• produced by respiration;

(b) (i)
Lung volume Letter Volume in dm3
tidal volume W; 0.4; 4 marks
vital capacity Z; 2.25;

(ii) • deep/maximum inhale; must be in correct order 2 marks

• followed by maximum/forcefully exhale;

Total 13 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) • both increase;
• males more than females; 3 marks
• fluctuations;

accept any two from;

(ii) • layer of actively dividing cells;

• can become uncontrolled; 2 marks
• when exposed to ultraviolet/sun light;

(b) (i) 17 - 48; allow 16.7 - 17 and

= 31 per 100 000; 47.8 - 48 then
31 = 1.2/1.24 per 100 000; ECF
25 3 marks

(ii) 20 per 100 000; ECF

20 × 7 000 000;
100 000 3 marks
= 1400;

Total 11 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) • prophase, metaphase, anaphase and minus 1 for each error
telophase;; 2 marks

(ii) • chromosomes lined up;

• equator shown/aligned at equator;
• one member of each bivalent above, the 3 marks
other below;

(b) (i) A (DNA);

B not part of DNA

C not part of DNA 1 mark
D found only in RNA not DNA

(ii) length = 20 mm; allow 20 -22

20 = 0.026 mm;
750 ECF 3 marks
= 26.0/26.7 µm;

(c) • two genetically identical cells;

• diploid/2n; 2 marks

Total 11 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) • arrow heads showing direction of light rays;
• bent at cornea;
• bent at lens;
• cross over in eyeball; 5 marks
• inverted image on retina;

(ii) transmits/carries impulses from the retina/rod and cones; 2 marks

to the brain;

(b) (i) behind the retina/fovea; 1 mark

(ii) eyeball too short / eye lens not powerful enough/too flat/not 1 mark
convex enough;

(iii)
use a convex / converging lens; 2 mark
to converge/refract/bend rays of light;

(c) • infection;
• rejection; 2 marks

Total 13 marks
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