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Noble Gases

The noble gases are group 18 elements that are located on the far right side of the periodic table. There are 7 noble gases: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and oganesson. Noble gases are very nonreactive due to having a full valence electron shell and are mostly gases at room temperature, with the exception of oganesson which is predicted to be a liquid or solid. They have a variety of uses including forming inert atmospheres, lamps, lasers, balloons, and cooling superconducting magnets.

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323 views3 pages

Noble Gases

The noble gases are group 18 elements that are located on the far right side of the periodic table. There are 7 noble gases: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and oganesson. Noble gases are very nonreactive due to having a full valence electron shell and are mostly gases at room temperature, with the exception of oganesson which is predicted to be a liquid or solid. They have a variety of uses including forming inert atmospheres, lamps, lasers, balloons, and cooling superconducting magnets.

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Noble Gases

The noble gases are group 18 on the periodic table, which is the
column of elements on the right side of the table.
There are seven noble gas elements: helium, neon, argon,
krypton, xenon, radon, and oganesson.
Noble gases are the least reactive chemical elements. They are
nearly inert because the atoms have a full valence electron
shell, with little tendency to accept or donate electrons to form
chemical bonds.

The noble gases, also known as the inert gases or rare gases,
are located in Group VIII or International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) group 18 of the periodic table. This
is the column of elements along the far right side of the
periodic table. This group is a subset of the nonmetals.
Collectively, the elements are also called the helium group or
the neon group. The noble gases are:

Helium (He)
Neon (Ne)
Argon (Ar)
Krypton (Kr)
Xenon (Xe)
Radon (Rn)
Oganesson (Og)

With the exception of oganesson, all of these elements are


gases at ordinary temperature and pressure. There haven't
been enough atoms produced of oganesson to know its phase
for certain, but most scientists predict it will be a liquid or solid.
Both radon and oganesson consist only of radioactive isotopes.

Noble Gas Properties

The noble gases are relatively nonreactive. In fact, they


are the least reactive elements on the periodic table. This
is because they have a complete valence shell. They have
little tendency to gain or lose electrons. In 1898, Hugo
Erdmann coined the phrase "noble gas" to reflect the low
reactivity of these elements, in much the same way as the
noble metals are less reactive than other metals. The
noble gases have high ionization energies and negligible
electronegativities. The noble gases have low boiling
points and are all gases at room temperature.

Uses of the Noble Gases


The noble gases are used to form inert atmospheres,
typically for arc welding, to protect specimens, and to
deter chemical reactions. The elements are used in lamps,
such as neon lights and krypton headlamps, and in lasers.
Helium is used in balloons, for deep-sea diving air tanks,
and to cool superconducting magnets.
Sources of the Noble Gases

Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon all are found in air and
are obtained by liquefying it and performing fractional
distillation. The major source of helium is from the
cryogenic separation of natural gas. Radon, a radioactive
noble gas, is produced from the radioactive decay of
heavier elements, including radium, thorium, and uranium.
Element 118 is a man-made radioactive element,
produced by striking a target with accelerated particles. In
the future, extraterrestrial sources of noble gases may be
found. Helium, in particular, is more abundant on larger
planets than it is on Earth.

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