AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

Name: Harish Pannala

Enrolment No: A70240720147

Roll. No: PSYBSCB2005

Practical Assignment – 1

Semester – 4

Year: 2020-23

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Sl. No Topic Page. No
1 Purpose of the Test 3
2 Introduction 3
3 Methodology 7
4 Case History 8
5 Test Description 7
6 Materials Required 12
7 Procedure 12
8 Scoring and Interpretation 13
9 Discussion 13
10 Conclusion and 14,16
Recommendations
11 References 16

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PURPOSE OF THE TEST:

To Measure the level of personality Components (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness,

Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) in the participant using NEO-FFI-3.

INTRODUCTION:

"Personality is a set of characteristics unique for each individual that determine a person ' s
identity and behavioural patterns."

INTRODUCTION POINTS:

Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and

behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is understanding
individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or
irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a
whole.
Personality, a characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Personality embraces
moods, attitudes, and opinions and is most clearly expressed in interactions with other people.

The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical
mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities.

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY:

Freud's personality theory (1923) saw the psyche structured into three parts (i.e., tripartite),
the id, ego and superego, all developing at different stages in our lives.
ID is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives
and hidden memories.
Super-Ego operates as a moral conscience.
Ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.

According to Gordon Allport, “Personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual
of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment”.
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Gordon Allport organized traits into a hierarchy of three levels: cardinal traits, central
traits, and secondary traits. Using a statistical process known as factor analysis, Raymond
Cattell generated sixteen dimensions of human personality traits, known as the 16PF.
Hans J. Eysenck: Definition of Personality - Personality is “the sum-total of the actual or
potential behaviour-patterns of the organism, as determined by heredity and environment it
originates and develops through the functional interaction of the four main sectors into which
these behaviour-patterns are organized.

BIG FIVE TRAITS:

Neuroticism: Neuroticism is the trait disposition to experience negative effects, including

anger, anxiety, self‐consciousness, irritability, emotional instability, and depression.

Extraversion: General tendency to experience positive emotions, as well as by traits such as

sociable, lively, and active.

Conscientiousness: The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.

Agreeableness: Overall, agreeableness describes a person's ability to put other people's

needs above their own. 
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Openness: The personality trait that best reflects the lay concept of open-mindedness is
called “openness to experience,” or simply “openness.” Open people tend to be intellectually
curious, creative and imaginative.

Methods of Assessing Personality:

Interview:
Personality tests are used by many companies during the hiring process. They are designed to
help employers gain more insight into each candidate's work style and preferences.

Rating Scales:

The rating scale is one of the oldest and most versatile of assessment techniques. Rating
scales present users with an item and ask them to select from a number of choices.

Self - Report Tests:

A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or
questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask
direct questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviours, and traits or
personality types.

Personality Inventories:

MMPI – 2:

The MMPI-2 is a 567 item, true/false self-report measure of a person's psychological state. It
has nine validity scales (or 'lie' scales), assessing for lying, defensiveness, faking good and
faking bad and among others. These scales make it very difficult to fake the MMPI-2 results.

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16PF:

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a self-report personality

test developed over several decades of empirical research by Raymond B.

Projective Tests:

Rorschach Inkblot Test:

The Rorschach test is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are
recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and
emotional functioning.

Sentence Completion Test:

Sentence completion tests are a class of semi-structured projective techniques. Sentence
completion tests typically provide respondents with beginnings of sentences, referred to as
"stems", and respondents then complete the sentences in ways that are meaningful to them.

Thematic Apperception Test:

A type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes. Popularly known as the
"picture interpretation technique," it was developed by American psychologists Henry A.
Murray and Christina D. Morgan at Harvard University in the 1930s.

History of NEO:

(NEO I) Developed by - PaulT. Costa & Robert R Mcare

Original Version - 1978 - Neuroticism Extroversion-openness Inventory
(NEO I) only measures three of big five traits.

(NEO P I)
Revised in 1985 Included all five traits hence Renamed as NEO Personality inventory (NEO-
PI)

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CURRENT VERSIONS NEO
Considered as name of the test No longer Acronym 2010- NEO-FFI-3 (Short Version) Latest
is NEO 4 Testing - NEO 5.

NEO-FFI-3:

60 Items
5 Domains - Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness to Experience (O),
Conscientiousness (C), Agreeableness (A)- 12 items per Domain
Likert-type scale - Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree or Strongly Agree.
3 Validity questions
15-20 Minutes to complete
Can be Administered on Individual ages 12 and older.

METHODOLOGY:
Test Description:
Description the test will include:
1. Full test name and Author names and year when it was developed.
2. Write about how many items and Domains are there in the test.
3. Explain domains in 2-3 lines each.
4. Table of +&- Items.
5. Write about Norms.
6. Validity
7. Reliability
8. Scoring
9. Interpretation.

Sr. Domain Positive Scoring Negative Scoring

No Domain Domain
1. Openness to 3,8,13,38,43,53,58 18,23,28,33,48
Change
2. Conscientiousness 5,10,20,25,35,40,50,6 15,30,45,55
0
3. Extraversion 2,7,17,22,32,37,47,52 12,27,42,57
4. Agreeableness 4,29,34,49 9,14,19,24,39,44,54,59
5. Neuroticism 6,11,21,26,36,41,51,5 1,16,31,46
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NORMS:

NEO-FFI-3 is appropriate for respondents age 12 years and older. Normative data for self-
report and observer rating forms for adolescents, younger and older adults, and all adults are
discussed, as well as for a combined-age group. It is argued that combined-age norms may be
most appropriate for depicting the personality scores of individuals, but the utility for some
purposes of within-age group scores is also acknowledged.

VALIDITY:

For the Self-Directed Search (a personality inventory developed by John L. Holland for
careers work), Artistic is correlated with the NEO facet Aesthetic at 0.56, Investigative is
correlated with the NEO facet Ideas at 0.43, and Social is correlated with the NEO facet
Tender-mindedness at 0.36. At the bottom of the third page of the NEO-FFI-3 item booklets,
three yes-or-no items ask the respondents if he or she has (a) responded to all of the
statements, (b) entered responses across the rows, and (c) responded accurately and honestly.
In most cases, if respondent indicated that responses were not entered in the correct boxes or
were not answered honestly and accurately, the test should not be scored.

RELIABILITY:

The uniformity of the five scales of the NEO-FFI has been confirmed by two-week reliability
test/retest experimental methodologies (Robins et al., 2001). The differences in the scales
were minimal with a reported correlation of 0.86 (Extraversion), 0.86 (Agreeableness), 0.90
(Conscientiousness), 0.89 (Neuroticism) and 0.88 (Openness). Murray et al. (2003)
furthermore, has reported 6–30-month range of (6, 12, 18, 14 and 30 months) test-retest
reliability results (Murray et al., 2003). All five scale scores clearly decreased over time,
except for O (from 87 to 86), but the medium-term (30- month) reliabilities remained
substantial. Six-month reliabilities ranged from 0.80 (A) to 0.87 (O), with a mean correlation
across scale scores of 0.83 (SD = .03). Medium term (30-month) reliabilities ranged from
0.73 (A) to 0.86 (O) with mean correlation of 0.79 (SD = 0.05).

CASE HISTORY:

Daily routine of the Bhardwaj before the Covid – 19 Pandemic was he used to go to school
and complete his works/projects/assignments on time and also do some physical activity by
playing games. During the Pandemic times, when everything got shifted to virtual mode,
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he is getting frustrated, over – anxious and the type of depression to not to meet friends and
physical activity has become complete zero.

Personal History of the client was that he soft, active and also well responsive to the
questions asked to him.

His childhood was an ordinary childhood like his providing him all the necessary items he
needed to do his work/ for entertainments and his relation with friends was average. He used
to have small quarrels and fights, but yet he used to sort it out.

His Family History consists of Arguing Disorder where they argue for small things and he is
the only child for his parents.

He has no habit of using Substance like alcohol, drugs, heroine etc and has no active sex.

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION:

1. General Appearance:

The patient was stable and calm, dressed up neatly and dapped. Good eye contact and
psychomotor skills are good.

2. Speech:

Speech was relevant and coherent. When a question was asked, he was able to answer
relevantly and expressed his feelings which a psychologist could give a suitable remedy.

3. Mood:

His mood was over anxious and frustrated due to studies and fear of examination.
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4. Thoughts:

Steam:
No abnormalities were observed in the steam.

Possession:
No possessions were observed in the steam.

Content:
He had post –occupations, over loading ideas with depression and anxiety.

5. Perceptions:

No perception abnormalities were seen.

6. Cognitions:

I. Orientation:

Place: Navi Mumbai

Person: Oriented
Time: 09.30 am
Impression: He was oriented to time, place and person.

II. Attention and Concentration:

A. Digit Spam: Forward: 3 digits and Backwards: 2 digits

B. Calculation Serial threes: No errors, Serial seven: 1 error.
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C. Money Calculations: He was good at calculations.

III. Memory

A. Recent Memory:

Breakfast: Poha
Left for Hospital: 08.45am
Medications: Not taken any

B. Remote Memory:
Date of Birth: 12.04.2004
Ph. No: +91-929*******

C. Immediate Memory:

Was able answer the basic questions immediately.

Impression: Memory is not bad.

IV. Intelligence:

A. Information:
Five Presidents: Ramnath Kovind, APJ Abdul Kalam, Pratibha Patil, Dr Rajendra Prasad,
Pranab Mukherjee

Five CMs of any states: Naveen Patnaik, Ashok Gehlot, Uddhav Thackeray, MK Stalin,
Bhupesh Bhagel.
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B. Abstraction:

Similarities: Laptop, Tablets: Electronics

Baseball, Soccer: Games
Impression: Intelligence is Good.

V. Judgement:
He has a very good judgement process. Judges ‘others and how to behave accordingly
VI. Insight:
He thinks that this environment will continue till his studies are completed and also thinks
so deeply that his parents will not let him take the subjects of his own choice in Class 11.
Insight: Level III.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

a. NEO-FFI-3 Response Sheet

b. NEO-FFI-3 Hand- Scoring Answer Sheet
c. NEO-FFI-3 Manual
d. Pencil
e. Eraser

PROCEDURE:

Arrangement of Materials:

Instructions for the Subject:

"Write only where it is indicated in this booklet. Carefully read all of the instructions
before beginning. This questionnaire contains 60 statements. Read each statement
carefully. For each statement fill in the circle with the response that best represents your
opinion. Make sure that your answer is in the correct box.
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Precautions:

i. Circle in SD if you strongly disagree or the statement is definitely false.

ii. Circle in D if you disagree or the statement is mostly false.
iii. Circle in ‘N’ if you are neutral on the statement, if you cannot decide, or if the
statement is about equally true and false.
iv. Circle in ‘A’ if you agree or the statement is mostly true.
v. Circle in SA if you strongly agree or the statement is definitely true".

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION:

Sr DOMAIN RAW SCORE T-SCORE RANGE

No
1 Openness to Change 38 67 VERY HIGH
2 Conscientiousness 38 60 HIGH
3 Extraversion 35 63 HIGH
4 Agreeableness 37 56 HIGH
5 Neuroticism 36 74 VERY HIGH

80

70 13

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
O C E A n

T score

DISCUSSIONS:
Neuroticism:

Neuroticism describes the overall emotional stability of an individual through how they
perceive the world. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret events as
threatening or difficult. It also includes one’ s propensity to experience negative emotions.
In this domain, Bhardwaj has scored 36 raw and the T score is 74 which indicates the
Neuroticism is very high.
He is too much frustrated, over anxious as he was unable to go out to meet his friends due to
the Covid – 19 Pandemic restrictions imposed outside. This indicates that his Neuroticism is
high.
Individual who scores high on neuroticism are more likely to be frustrated, over anxious.
They are likely to be perceived as anxious or moody. They are more likely to have low self-
esteem.

CONCLUSION:

The purpose of the test is to measure the level of personality Components (Neuroticism,
Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) in the participant using NEO-FFI-3.

The participant was made to "write only where it is indicated in this booklet. Carefully read
all of the instructions before beginning. This questionnaire contains 60 statements. Read each
statement carefully. For each statement fill in the circle with the response that best represents
his opinion. Making sure that his answer is in the correct box.

Domains and Interpretations:

Openness to Change: Openness to experience refers to one’ s willingness to try new things
as well as engage in imaginative and intellectual activities. It includes the ability to “think
outside of the box.” Those who score high on openness to experience are perceived as
creative and artistic. They prefer variety and value independence. They are curious about
their surroundings and enjoy traveling and learning new things. People who score low on
openness to experience prefer routine. They are uncomfortable with change and trying new
things so they prefer the familiar over the unknown. As they are practical people, they often
find it difficult to think creatively or abstractly.
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In this domain, the participant scored a Raw Score of 38 and the T score he scored here is 67
which indicates a very high range.
And he is trying to be up to date in every aspect of life.

Conscientiousness:
Conscientiousness describes a person’ s ability to regulate their impulse control in order to
engage in goal-directed behaviours. It measures elements such as control, inhibition, and
persistency of behaviour. Those who score high on conscientiousness can be described as
organized, disciplined, detail-oriented, thoughtful, and careful. They also have good impulse
control, which allows them to complete tasks and achieve goals.
In this domain, the participant has scored a Raw score of 38 and the T score is 60 which is in
a high range and he is perfectly well -organized, disciplined, detail – oriented, thoughtful and
careful.

Extraversion:

Extraversion reflects the tendency and intensity to which someone seeks interaction with their
environment, particularly socially. It encompasses the comfort and assertiveness levels of
people in social situations. Additionally, it also reflects the sources from which someone
draws energy. Those high on extraversion are generally assertive, sociable, fun-loving, and
outgoing. They thrive in social situations and feel comfortable voicing their opinions. They
tend to gain energy and become excited from being around others. Those who score low in
extraversion are often referred to as introverts.

In this domain, the participant scored a Raw score of 35 and the T score is 63 which is in a
high range. Which indicates that he is seeking interaction from his peers so that he can be
engaged and interact to have a quality time and also to do his work.

Agreeableness:

Agreeableness refers to how people tend to treat relationships with others. Unlike
extraversion which consists of the pursuit of relationships, agreeableness focuses on people’ s
orientation and interactions with others. Those high in agreeableness can be described as soft-
hearted, trusting, and well-liked. They are sensitive to the needs of others and are helpful and
cooperative. People regard them as trustworthy and altruistic. Those low in agreeableness
may be perceived as suspicious, manipulative, and uncooperative. They may be antagonistic
when interacting with others, making them less likely to be well-liked and trusted.
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In this domain, the participant scored a Raw Score 37 and the T score is 56 which indicates a
high range and he is soft – hearted, trusted and well- liked by others.

Neuroticism:
Neuroticism describes the overall emotional stability of an individual through how they
perceive the world. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret events as
threatening or difficult. It also includes one’ s propensity to experience negative emotions.
Those who score high on neuroticism often feel anxious, insecure and self-pitying.

They are often perceived as moody and irritable. They are prone to excessive sadness and
low self-esteem. Those who score low on neuroticism are more likely to calm, secure and
self-satisfied. They are less likely to be perceived as anxious or moody. They are more likely
to have high self-esteem and remain resilient.

In this domain, the participant has scored 36 raw and the T score is 74 which indicates the
Neuroticism is very high.
He is too much frustrated, over anxious as he was unable to go out to meet his friends due to
the Covid – 19 Pandemic restrictions imposed outside. This indicates that his Neuroticism is
high.
Individual who scores high on neuroticism are more likely to be frustrated, over anxious.
They are likely to be perceived as anxious or moody. They are more likely to have low self-
esteem.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Rorschach should be administered as the Neuroticism is very high.

The Rorschach test is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are
recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and
emotional functioning.

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REFERENCES:

NEO-FFI-3.pdf

Google Searches.

https://www.citethisforme.com/

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