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Allomorphic and Isomorphic Features of English and Ukrainian Punctuation of The Complex Sentence

This document summarizes the key differences between punctuation of complex sentences in English and Ukrainian. It discusses two types of complex sentences in Ukrainian - conjunction-based and conjunction-less. It then provides details on the usage of semicolons, dashes and commas in both languages, focusing on separating independent clauses, introductory phrases/clauses, and setting off interrupters.

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267 views3 pages

Allomorphic and Isomorphic Features of English and Ukrainian Punctuation of The Complex Sentence

This document summarizes the key differences between punctuation of complex sentences in English and Ukrainian. It discusses two types of complex sentences in Ukrainian - conjunction-based and conjunction-less. It then provides details on the usage of semicolons, dashes and commas in both languages, focusing on separating independent clauses, introductory phrases/clauses, and setting off interrupters.

Uploaded by

Kate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Allomorphic and isomorphic features of English and Ukrainian punctuation of the

complex sentence
Sentences that consist of two or more parts are called in Ukrainian складні
речення (complex sentences in Ukrainian). In English grammar, there are two
different terms for those sentences: compound and complex.
Складні речення in Ukrainian can be of two types:
Сполучникові (with conjunction):
Складносурядні (compound sentences in English) - These are sentences that consist
of two or more independent clauses connected with conjunctions like і, а, або,
але, etc. There are 3 main types of складносурядні речення: єднальні,
протиставні і розділові.
Складнопідрядні (complex sentences in English) - These are sentences that consist
of one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses (підрядні частини).
There are various types of складнопідрядні речення. They are all grouped into
three main categories: Complex sentences with Attributive Clause, Complex
sentences with Explanatory Clauses, Complex sentences with Adverbial Clauses
Безсполучникові (without conjunction) These sentences consist of clauses that are
not connected by any conjunctions, but by punctuation and intonation. Unlike in
English where these would be just two separate sentences, this type is very common
in Ukrainian.
Іде дощ – сьогодні не будемо бігати.
Dash is used if the second clause is a result of the first one.
Погода зіпсувалася: іде дощ, віє сильний вітер.
A semicolon is used when the second clause explains the first one.

SEMICOLON
1. Between two independent clauses:
The athletes who were training for the championship were running six miles every
day; they were also eating a special diet. Шелестить пожовкле листя по діброві;
гуляють хмари; сонце спить; ніде не чутно людської мови (Т.Шевченко).
2.Two independent clauses may be joined by a comma and a conjunction. However, if
there are other commas in the sentence, the comma is replaced by a semicolon:
The athletes who were training for the championship were running six miles a day,
but I was not.
The athletes who were training for the championship were running six miles a day,
lifting weights, and eating a special diet; but I was not. Щойно полуниця відходить,
а вже буріють вишні, шовковиця сиплеться, а там зажовтіють абрикоси; буває,
так наспіє полуниці, що жінкам невправка з нею, тоді оголошують загальну
мобілізацію. . .
(О.Гончар)

DASH
1. In English a dash should not be used in the most formal writing, unless it is a direct
quotation.
2. In English, a dash is not separated from the adjacent words with spaces:
But ideas–that is, opinions backed with genuine reasoning–are extremely difficult to
develop. (Wayne Booth) In Ukrainian, a dash is separated from the adjacent words
with spaces:
І враз – заглушаючи всю метушню і гвалт – по квартирі розляглися широкі і
повнозвучні акорди рояля (Ю.Смолич).
3. In informal writing a dash can replace a colon, and a pair of dashes can replace a
pair of commas or parentheses.
4. A dash or a pair of dashes is put to set off a long interrupter that already has
commas in it.
But ideas– that is, opinions backed with genuine reasoning–are extremely difficult to
develop.

COMMA
1. Commas That Separate
Independent clauses
Independent clauses are joined by coordinate conjunctions, particularly but and for, in
order to emphasize the contrast: The mixing noise dominates the spectrum, but the
background noise peaks at a high frequency.
The comma may be omitted: when the independent clauses are short and closely
related: Each performance of an experiment is called a trial and its result is called an
outcome. when the independent parts of a compound sentence have a notional
element in common; when they are closely related and joined with conjunction i (й),
та (= і): На хвилину раптом стихли голоси і спинилися тіні (Л.Смілянський).
The comma alone should be avoided between two independent clauses (the comma
splice):
The beams have rotted: they can no longer support the roof.
[or] The beams have rotted, so they can no longer support the roof. [or] Since the
beams have rotted, they can no longer support the roof. The comma between two
independent clauses can be used alone: Під вікном ростуть банани, Шелестять
високі пальми, Мирти, фіги і платани (Кримський).
Introductory phrases and clauses
A comma is used to separate an introductory phrase or clause from the main clause: If
the variable t is actually time, then f is frequency. In Ukrainian, a comma is always
used to separate parts of a complex sentence that are introduced with a conjunction or
adverb.
When an internal adverbial clause precedes the clause that it modifies, do not place a
comma before it unless it is clearly nonrestrictive:
Wrong: Recombination rate is larger than quenching rate, and,  after lasing is
achieved, both are smaller than photo-break dissociation rate.
Correct: Recombination rate is larger than quenching rate, and after lasing is
achieved, both are smaller than photo-break dissociation rate.

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