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329 viewsCloud Computing Organizer
Cloud computing organizer
Uploaded by
MRITTIKA SINHACopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 95
POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
MODULE 1
Mult} juestions:
ie Cholce
1. What is Cloud Foundry? evra
@) 2 factory that produces cloud components
'b) VMware-ted open source PaaS
¢) an industry wide Paas initiative
d) VMware-led closed source PaaS:
Answer: (b)
2. Which of the following isn’t an advantage of cloud? (WBUT 2014)
a) ne worries about running out of storage
b) easier to maintain a cloud network
©) Immediate access te computing resources
4) paying only for what you use
Answer: (b)
3. What not belong in a private cloud? (WBUT 2014)
a) metered billing b) self-service portal
©) dial-home support 4) rapid elasticity
Answer: (b)
4. What is private cloud? IWBUT 2014, 2018)
a) a standard cloud service offered via the Internet
b) a cloud architecture maintained within an enterprise data center
).a cloud service inaccessible to anyone but the cultural olite
d) none of these
Answer: (c)
5. Which of the following factors should a company consider before implementing
cloud computing systems? (WUT 2015, 2017]
a) user satisfaction b) potential cost reduction
©) information sensitivity d) all of these
Answer: (d)
6. Which of the following can cloud computing replace? [Waur 2015, 2017]
a) corporate data centers 'b) expensive computer hardware
¢) costly software upgrade d) all of t
Answer: (d)
7. Which of the following widely used services is built on cloud-computing
technology? [WBUT 2015, 2017]
a) Gmail b) Twitter ©) YouTube d) all of these
Answer: (1)
CLP-CS-2 Loup COMPUTING
n of the following progra
£ Mopment FOUN ABE Engingy "MG language did Goagia include for
omeycet 6) Java ¢) 8a: (waur 2015]
aswers (ED d) Visual Basic
“
hare valid dimensions of cloud cube?
2G orvic Deployment i) eerierai ds
qj Security Boundary, Portability gy pryaShlP. Sourcing
wer: (cE) sical Location of the data, Platform
Answers
[waur 2016]
so.what are the technologies that played a vital role in Baal
a) Mal
b) Utility ere ee, Computing, API (WBUT 2016)
Web 2.0, Virtualization, Service ort
3} Databas ‘Super computers ented Computing
amewer: (b)
1), An example of high performance cluster file system is UT 204
3) VMotion by) VMFS °} DVS ayures
Answers (b)
12. Which one of the following options is true with res, joud computin,
a}Hardware should be composable ae IWBUT 20161
b) Software should be composable
¢) Both Hardware and Seftware should be composable
9) Both Hardware and Software are not required to be composable
Answer: (d)
fader in cloud computing? [WBUT 2017]
12. Which of these companies is not yet a
3) Google b) Amazon ‘¢) Blackboard d) Microsoft
Answer: (¢)
4. What does CAAS stand for? leur 2018]
2) Computing as a service b) Compliance as a service
¢) Connection as a service d) None of these
Answer: (d)
Which of the following is essential concept related to Cloud? (WBUT 2018)
} Reliability 'b) Productivity
©) Abstraction d) All of the mentioned
Amrwer: (c)
si fitich of the followin: Virtual Machine Technology now owned by Oracte
1g ie a Virtual Mac!
Sut can be various operating systems? (weuT 2015)
24 machi, b) VirtualBox
8) \TheughiPotice d) none of the mentionod
= (b)
cLP-cs-3 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
17. Which of the following Is provided by Identity a= 2 Service? DWBUT 201;
a) Identity governanea Mery) Provisioning 7
c) Risk and event moi
Aasverttly
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing? [WBUT 2014)
Answer:
Advantages:
Easy implementation: Cloud hosting allows business to retain the same applications ang
business processes without having to deal with the backend technicalitics. Readily
manageable by the Intemet, a cloud infrastructure can be accessed by enterprises easily
and q
Accessibility: Access your data anywhere, anytime. An Internet cloud infrastructure
maximizes enterprise productivity and efficiency by ensuring your application is always
accessible. This allows for easy collaboration and sharing among wsers in rnuliple
locations,
No hardware required: Since everything will be hosted in the cloud, a physical storage
center is no longer needed. However, a backup could be worth looking into in the event
of a disastcr that could leave your company’s productivity stagnant.
Cost per head: Overhead technology costs are kept at a minimum with cloud hosting
services, enabling businesses to use the extra time and resources for improving the
company infrastructure.
Flexibility for growth: The cloud is easily scalable so companies can add or subtrac
resources based on their needs. As companies grow, their system will grow with them.
Efficient recovery: Cloud computing delivers faster and more accurate retrievals of
applications and data. With less downtime, it is the most efficient recovery plan.
toring d) All of the mentioned
Disadvantages:
No longer in control: When moving services to the cloud, the company is handing ove
the data and information. For companics who have an in-house IT staff, they will be
unable to handle issues on their own,
May not get all the features: Not all cloud services are the same, Some cloud provider
tend to offer limited versions and enable the most popular features only, so one may no
receive every feature or customization he or she wants. Before signing up, companic
must make sure that they know what their cloud service provider offers.
Dependency and vendor lock-in: One of the major disadvantages of cloud computing’
the implicit dependency on the provider. This is What the industry calls “vendor lock-in
since it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to migrate from a provider once th
company has rolled with him. If a user wishes to switch to some other provider. then
can be really painful and cumbersome to transfer huge data from the old provider to
new one.
CLP-Cs-4 SLOUD COMPUTING:
yey: A cloud server is
senedonds rere, ONE MUS fry to avald ma Tor HS it
pil bemnough it is an extra cost, in most cases tee
pun Alttp issues: For ideal performance. clients hw
quad ounts of Servers and storare devices into a s
backed up. As technol iy
A logy may
ined by purchasing a redundancy
well worth it
ve to plan accordingly and not pack
mallet of dotcemae
ad
does cloud computing differ 4;
2 Hew dow rom
AesteT uting refers to a client server archit
. The same goes for services,
Furey and host a set of applications Taye ee aee, Often, the servers are run
Doss. Microsoft and Amazon have similar offen a. gee one Smale is
2 fers to a distrib ferings, as do many others.
Gad computing refers a distributed computing architecture where a sct of networked
(the grid”, typically PCs) are utilized en masse for laree computational tasks.
cally ones that are embarrassingly parallel. For example, a bank might use such 2
pemork to price all their holdings each night. From the point of view of the application
dang the calculations. it’s just submitting a large number of independent jobs to the grid,
ed receives the results back. The grid infrastructure handles forwarding cach job to 2
er, balancing loads, etc.
Pmasive computing: Pervasive means ubiquitous which means “existing everywhere”.
Trough the concept, computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. In contrast
wdeskiop computing. ubiquitous computing can occur using any device, in any location,
edin any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in many different
fms, including laptop computers. tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a
figge or even a pair of glasses. Pervasive computing goes past the arena of desktops so
tat vinually any device, from appare! to kitchen appliances, could be embedded with
microchips, connecting these devices to a boundless network of other gadgets.
What is the difference between scalability and elasticity? [WBUT 2014]
Answer:
ts cloud computing, scalability is the ability on the part of software or hardware to
extimve to function at a high level of performance. even when the workflow volume
increases In addition to functioning well. the scated up application should be able to take
fal advantage of the resources that its new environment offers. For example, if an
plication is sealed from a smaller operating system to a larger ene should be able to
a larger workload and offer better performance as the resources become available.
SSublty tually refers to adding resources and pecfonnanes, On the other ‘hand,
Bencrally ite — scaling down capacity or resourc: y
% longer eae hs baie ie Soe cominet theme: adaptability. A cloud
ex that is both scalable and clastic is an adaptable solution. An adaptable cloud
CLP-CS-5 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
environment is one that allows the IT department to expand or contract capacity a,
needed in response to an ever changing business environment.
4. Explain NIST model with diagram. DwaUT 2014)
oR,
Write about NIST Medel, [WBUT 2048)
Answe
The United States government is a major consumer of computer services and. thereforg
one of the major users. of cloud computing networks. The U.S. National Institute of
Standards. and Technology (NIST) has a sct of working definitions (http-icsre
nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v15.doc) that separate cloud computing
into service models and deploymem models. Those models and their relationship to
essential characteristics of cloud computing are shown in Figure below.
a ee ee
‘A number of intrinsic properties of cloud computing create cognitive biases in people the
are obstacles to cloud adoption and are worth mentioning. This goes for users as well 2
organizations. Harper Collins (2008) explores how people oflen make choices that ar
inconsistent based on expediency or human nature. Joe Weinman has expanded on thes
ideas and some others to formulate ten more *laws" for cloud computing adoption base
on human behavior. F
‘The '10 laws of Behavioral Cloudonomics’ are summarized below.
1. People are risk averse and loss averse.
2. People have a flat-rate bias.
3. People have the need to control their environment and remain anonymous.
4. People fear change.
5. People value what they own more than what they are given.
6, People favor the status quo and invest accordingly.
7. People discount future risk and favor instant gratification.
8. People favor things that are free.
CLP-CS-6 CLOUD. COMPUTING
people have the need for state * 7
3 Icon are ineapact
juiring IT operations to
Wik Jericho Forum, an
leaders have added their input as
€ -
(pow to coll ¢ Jericho Cloud Cube ibes
; jonal elements of ch i . "ube Model describes the
pultidimensi loud computing, framing not only cloud use eases, but
The Cloud Cube Modet
‘The Cloud Cube
TheJericho Forum has identified four criteria to differentiate cloud formations fram each
aber and the manner of their provision. The Cloud Cube Model effectively summarizes
ese four dimensions:
1. Internal/External
2 Proprietary/Open.
3. Petimeterised/De-perimeterized Architectures
4 Insoureed/Outsourced
Dimension 1: Internal/Extern: ;
This dimension defines the physical location of the data: where does the cloud form exist
~ inside of outside organization boundaries? If the cloud form is within the organization's:
Hysical boundaries, then it is internal, If it is outside the organization's physical
toundaries, then it’ is external. It’s important to note that the assumption that internal
Scccstarily more secure than external is false. The mest secure usage model is the
Mcctive use of both internal and external cloud forms.
CLP-CS-7 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
Dimension 2: ProprietaryOpen
This dimension defines the state of ownership of the cloud technology. service,
interfaces, ete. It indicates the degree of interoperability, as well as cnabling
data/application transportability between an organization's own systems and other loud
forms and the ability to withdraw the data from a cloud form, or to move it to anothe,
without constraint, This dimension indicates any constraints on being able to share apps,
Proprictars” suggests that the organization providing the service is keeping the means of
Provision under its ownership. By contrast, “open” clouds usc technology that is no
Proprictary. which means that there are likely t@ be more suppliers, and the organization
is not as constrained in terms of ability to share data and collaborate with selected pai
Experts suggest that open clouds most effectively enhance collaboration between
multiple organizations,
Dimension 3: Perimeterised/De-perimeterised Architectures
Perimeterised” suggest a system that continues 10 operate within the traditional IT
perimeter, ofien characterized by “network firewalls.” This approach is known to inhibit
collaboration. Operating within such areas means extending an organization's perimeter
into the extemal cloud computing domain via a VPN and operating the virtual Server in
its own IP domain. The organization uses its own directory services to control access.
Once the computing task is complete, the perimeter is withdrawn to its original,
traditional position,
“De-perimeterised™ suggests that the system perimeter is designed following the
principles outlined in the Jericho Fonim’s Commandments and Collaboration Oricnted
Architectures Framework. De-perimeterised areas in the Cloud Cube Model use both
internal and external domains, but the collaboration or sharing of data should not be seen
as internal or esternal. Rather, it is controlled by and limited to the parties that the using
‘organizations select.
Dimension 4: Insourced/Outsoureed
This dimension has two states in each of the eight cloud forms. It responds to the
question: who does the business want running the clouds? “Outsourced™ means that the
service is provided by a third party. Insourced means that the service is provided by the
own staff under its control, These states describe the party managing the delivery of the
cloud service(s) used by the organization.
b) The cloud isn't a technology. [t's more of an approach to building IT services - an
approach that harnesses the power of servers, as well as virtualization technologies thi
combine servers into large computing pools and divide single servers into multiple virw:
machines. And there are several different deployment models for implementing cloud
technology
‘The four primary types of cloud models are:
= Public
= Private
= Hybrid .
+ Community
CLP-CS-8 its advantages and disadvantages with i
at lg researching OF actively considering a eel ‘dcp
a that operates within a firewall, Private clouds
4 privenel gether by mass quantities of IT infrastructure into
and privately owned and managed,
vorid lou .
id cloud is a mix of public and private clouds,
Ceri Cloud
(Gonmunity cloud is an infrastructure shared by several organizations which supports a
fentic community
pwnatislaaS? [wauT 2014]
gapiain what Is meant by Identity as a [waurT 2016]
about identity as a service? 1
Sie a er vaciatiotce of ine, auras
gplain madern implementation of SaaS using SOA components. [WUT 2014)
- OR,
pescribe through @ schematic diagram and necessary explanations how XML and
{OAare used to imploment an Open SaaS environment. [WBUT 2017]
Answer
inutucture as a Service (laaS) is a cloud computing service model in which hardware
‘s vimualized in the cloud. In particular model, the service vendor owns the
seipment: servers, storage, network infrastructure, and so forth, The developer creates
wmal hardware on which to develop applications and services.
The devel ¢ tirtual private servers, virtual
loper interacts the JaaS model to creat vil
Frit tiorage, virtual private networks, and so on, and then populates ihese virtual
Ament with the applications and services it needs to complete its solution. In laaS, the
ized resources use mapped to real systems. When the client interacts with an faaS
CLP-CS-9 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
service and requests resources from the virtual systems. those requests are redirected tn,
the real servers that do the actual work.
Workload: The fundamental unit of virtualized client in an laaS deployment is called,
workload A workload simulates the ability of a certain type of real or physical server to
do an amoum of work,
In addition to throughput. a workload has certain other attributes such as Disk VO,
measured in InpuvOutput Per Second IOPS, the amount of RAM consumed under load in
MB, network throughput and latency, and 50 forth. In a hosted application environment, q
client's application runs on 2 dedicated server inside a server rack or perhaps as q
standalone server in a room full of servers. In cloud computing. a provisioned server
called an instance is reserved by a customer. and the necessary amount of computing
resources needed to achieve that type of physical server is allocated to the client's needs,
Figure below shows how three virtual private server instances are partitioned in an laag
stack. The three workloads require three different sizes of computers: small, medium, ang
large. A client would reserve a machine equi lent required to rum cach of these
workloads. The laaS infrastructure runs these server instances in the data center that the
service offers, drawing from a pool of virtualized machines. RAID storage, and network
interface capacity. These three layers are expressions of physical systems that are
partitioned as logical units. LUNs, the elaud interconnect layer, and the virtual
application software layer arc logical constructs. LUNs are logical storage containers, the
cloud interconnect layer is a virtual network layer that is assigned IP addresses from the
laaS network pool, and the virtual application software layer contains software that runs
‘on the physical VM instance(s) that have been partitioned from physical assets on the
laa’ private cloud.
CLP-CS-10 aa
Ss)
eS
tr
Asensiderable amount of SaaS software is based on open source software, When open
scure sofware is used in a SaaS, it is referred to as Open SaaS. The advantages of using
pea source software are that systems are much cheaper to deploy because one doesn't
uve to purchase the operating system or software, there is less vendor lock-in, and
scplications are more portable. The popularity of open source software, from Linus to
APACHE, MySQL, and Perl (the LAMP plaiform) on the Intemet, and the number of
people who are trained in open source sofiware make Open SaaS an attractive
froposition. The impact of Open SaaS will likely translate into better profitability for the
companies that deploy open source software in the cloud, resulting in lower development
fax and more robust solutians. Z
Anodem implement of SaaS using an Enterprise Serviec Bus and architected with SOA.
CLP-CS-11 POPULAR PUDLICATIONS
rectory Sans Camaberston Sead Content
Web Zervice’ Wen Service WebService ‘Serview
5. Cloan-and-Green Energy, a power generation and distribution company
decided to deploy cloud-based solutions for two crucial customor-facing eyeien
nami
(i) Real-timo Load Management
(li) Online Consumer BI
Discuss, in bricf, the
environment.
Answer:
1) Real-time Load Management:
It is highly possible to implement real time load management in cloud environment wi
faa. The advantages of moving private data center infrastructure to the cloud are:
sea wan externally facing application of service. Two key benefits of lax me easy at
scaling and global distribution. Smaller companies without exeess tr capacity ©
enhance and seale an existing customer-facing application delivered out of an intem
data center. For example, a regional online travel agent can expand into new markets f
fom its transaction processing application's primary base, Sitee the application in th
example was built on Microsoft SQL. Server, it was relatively casy to lift and shift |
CLP-CS-12 sicrosotl’s hosted cloud infraste,
y , : uct
ae sure tripled performance, th
“
ge fscing marketing coment. js
fer per facing mark .
oF y Website is often , :
ae mpi. Websites a Mant Way t0 reach cust
mater is located — qualities that mage a CUeseing and snappy. meee influence
Se eer focing aie tha Make them cee wp. no matter where the
Mey ss Joomla Or Drupal along eerulat content management syste page
Oy : With custom ¢ i yas 5
1 jThese systems are easily dentovey at alee sihich work well on cloud
ws needs 6 rebuild packages or recipes and
a7 y backup sit i
5 eavery P sites, Disaster recovery j
jee examples. Smaller organizations might a One of the classic infrastructure as a
in which case laa could save the company inc cos
aw fais putida in a cataclysmic ituati
or gockup site is outfitted with old. surhe i nic event. In other situations,
segs end of life. |eaS can provide OMeden uiPement that's undersized, seldom tested
gaa center with nO capital expenditure (Capex) one
paadvaniages? a
Lepy systems. Applications that are tight! ly integrated with legacy business systems and
ses, where @ Move to laaS could prove highly disruptive, should stay in house.
Mot enterprises rely on a plethora of largely static legacy’ applications, often in
sunierance mode and sometimes highly customized, that run business-eritieal systems.
Terisk-reward ratio of changing a stable, working implementation is far too high to
prsider a cloud deployment.
Sone organizations also prefer to keep systems with sensitive data, particularly customer
financial information, in a controlled data center. Extending the appropriate server
ndnetwork security controls into the cloud, while feasible, can be complicated.
(ody cloud instances. It can also be prudent to pull taaS-resident applications on to an
weed infrastructure should they grow to the point where the monthly costs are well over
10000. In. this example, laaS operating expenditures are more expensive than the Capex
‘{Opex involved to build and operate the requisite infrastructure in house. This case is
tularly true if the application workload is relatively stable and unlikely to need
runic capacity.
Online customer billing:
Fan Of choosing cloud based billing software :
i zeaelpent rea Hing software is a computer with an Internet
We chi i online bi
Se ee eo Fen Sah str
“ston a secure server, so the data stays safe, 100.
CLP-CS-13 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
2. No software to instal
8 all done for the client. yey
Once the data is converted from the ald system, all the client need to do is sign in to 1,
cloud’s secure website, They don’t have to spend hours installing a program on multip
computers or don't have to worry if it?s compatible with existing operating system
Almost all cloud based online billing software integrates with every meter reading systen,
on the market,
3. Never worry about computer crashes losing data.
In all cases, the cloud based online software will perform complete back-ups of gj
customer data every single hour. All of data will be immediately accessible any whore
anytime and by anyone with piven access,
Disadvantages: ‘
Not Foolproof: Regardless of which online bill paying method is selected, clients have,
Pay attention to monthly statements and changing circumstances. It is easy to lose ‘wach
‘of things after completing the one-time set up.
Payee beware: Consumers should check their account balances 10 make sure the financig
service actually issued payment on time, Also, consumers must monitor their vendo
‘Account balances to make sure that electronic payments are credited to their account
without incurring late fees, financial experts recommend,
9. Explain, in brief, what ‘multi-tenancy’ is in the context of SaaS. [DWBUT 2015
~Mention three significant characteristics of a typical SaaS solution.
What Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and what are the main characteristics of ;
SaaS solution? [WBUT 2017
Answei
1" Part:
The most complete cloud computing service model is one in which the computin
hardware and software, as well as the solution itself, are provided by a vendor as.
complete service offering. It is referred to as the Software as a Service (SaaS) mode!
SaaS provides the complete infrastructure, software, and solution stack as the servic
offering. Software as a Service (SaaS) may be succinctly described as software that |
deployed on a hosted service and can be accessed globally over the Internet, most offen i
a browser. Every computer user is familiar with SaaS systems, which are eith
replacements or substitutes for locally installed software.
Examples of SaaS software for end-users are’ Goxyle Gmail and Calendar, QuickBoot
online, Zoho Office Suite, and others that are cqually well known, SaaS applicatic
come in all shapes and sizes, and include custom software such as billing and invoicin
systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications, Help De
applications, Human Resouree (HR) soluions, as well as myriad online versions ¢
familiar applications. Many people belicve that SaaS sofiware is not
