THE TEACHING AND

ASSESSMENT OF
LITERATURE STUDIES
(ENG. 106)

Welcome everyone!!! This course pack is designed to teach students

about The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies. There are various
explanations for what literature means. Still, one of the common notions in most
of the definitions of literature is that it involves written texts and spoken materials
in some cases. As much as literature involves written texts, it is a higher form of
art; therefore, not every written text can be called a literary work. Literature opens
the mind to old memories and allows people to relive their experiences, good or
bad. Thus, it allows people to share human experiences through imagery in their
words. It is the foundation of humanity's cultures, beliefs, and traditions which
serves as a reflection of reality, a product of art, and a window to an ideology.
Everything that happens within a society can be written, recorded in, and learned
from a piece of literature. There is a lot of stimulating ingredients in literature that
can influence life. One has to grab that accordingly.
Students in this course are encouraged to study each lesson in every
module to make the most of their learnings. They should work all the exercises
to build the concepts of each topic. To make this learning experience rewarding,
study this course pack honestly and graciously.

and

God Bless!!!
Course Overview

Course Title: The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies

Course Description:
In this course, students develops the application of the principles,
methods, and approaches of translation and adaptation of various texts.
(CMO 75, s. 2017)
Furthermore, it allows pre-service English teachers to explore the nature
of literature and the theoretical bases, principles, and methods and strategies in
teaching and assessing literature. It aims to provide them with various strategies
for pre-lesson, during lesson, and post-lesson which will develop their learners’
higher order thinking skills in the use of the English language and will respond to
their various backgrounds.
Also, they are expected to design developmentally-sequenced lesson
plans and provide a range of assessment strategies to communicate learners’
needs, progress and achievement in literature.

Course Outcomes:

At the completion of this course pack, students should be able to:

• adapt competency-based learning materials in teaching literature
which respond to the various linguistic, cultural, socio-economic,
and religious backgrounds of learners;
• be familiar with a range of assessment strategies in teaching
literature that address learner’s needs, progress, and achievement
which are consistent with the selected competencies;
• craft a learning plan according to the English curricula that
develops higher order thinking skills of learners through the use of
literary texts; and
• conduct a teaching demonstration of a developmentally-
sequenced learning process using innovative teaching principles,
skills, and strategies for teaching literature.

In order for learners to gain competency in this course, this course pack
has been structured into four modules as follows:

Module 1: Introduction to Literary Studies

Module 2: Literature in Education
Module 3: Approaches in Teaching Literature
Module 4: Assessment Strategies in Teaching Literature

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 Module 1
Module Overview

Introduction to Literary Studies

The world today is ever-changing. Never before has life been so chaotic
and challenging for all. Life before literature was practical and predictable, but in
present day, literature has expanded into countless libraries and into minds of
many as the gateway for comprehension and curiosity of the human mind and
the world around us. Literature is of great importance and is studied upon as it
provides the ability to connect human relationships, and define what is right and
what is wrong. It can be concluded that literature is a storehouse of human
knowledge in a printed and accessible form.

Furthermore, literature grows out of life, reacts upon life and fed by life. It
is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific
works, thus, the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative
imagination, including works of poetry, prose, drama, essays, fiction and
nonfiction.

At the completion of this module, students should be able to:

• explain what is literature;
• develop understanding the purposes and genres under the
literature umbrella;
• discuss the importance of literature in human race;
• Identify the different forms and types of literature;
• examine the functions of literature; and
• evaluate prose and poetry in a given activity.
This module discusses the following lessons:
Lesson 1: What is literature?
What are the forms and types/genres of literature?
Lesson 2: The functions of literature
Lesson 3: The study of prose and poetry

Are you ready? Then start the lessons now!!!

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 Module 1

Lesson
What is Literature?
1
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. explain what is literature;
2. discuss the importance of literature in human race; and
3. develop understanding the purposes and genres under
the literature umbrella
.

Time Frame: 3 hours/one week

Introduction:
This lesson discusses how Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written

work. Although some classifications include spoken or sung texts. More

restrictively, it is writing that possesses literary merit. Literature can be classified

according to whether it is prose or poetry and whether it is fiction or non-fiction.

It can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short

story or drama, and works are often categorized according to historical periods

or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

At the end of this course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge

and understanding of what is literature and its importance.

Good luck everyone and God Bless!

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 Let’s Start!
Task 1: Thinking About It

Direction: Literature is not new to you. Even before you started formal schooling,
you have already experienced literature. Your bed time stories are forms of
literature. This time I want you to think of words that you can remember if you hear
the term LITERATURE.
• Write five (5) objects that you can relate to the word Literature, put these
under What I see?
• Write five (5) emotions/feelings you can relate to the word Literature, put
these under What I feel?
• Write five (5) action words you can relate to the word Literature, put these
under What I do?

RELATED TO LITERATURE
What I see? What I feel? What I do?
Sample answer: Book Sample answer: Love Sample answer: Reading

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5. 5. 5.

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Task 2: My Interest in Literature
Directions: Consider the images below, draw a cartoon on how you
deal with literature at school.
Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:
Creativity – 10 pts. Originality – 15 pts. Message – 25 pts. Total – 50 pts.

Draw your cartoon inside the box.

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 Analysis

Directions: Answer the following questions based on your own understanding. Your
answers will be graded based on the set criteria below.

Criteria: Content: 5 pts.; Organization of Idea- 3 pts; and Structure- 2 pts = 10 pts

1. Based on the experiences you have, discuss what is literature?

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2. What do you think is considered as a good literature?
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3. What makes literature a form of art?
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What is Literature?

Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work. Etymologically, the

term derives from Latin litaritura/litteratura “writing formed with letters,” although
some definitions include spoken or sung texts. More restrictively, it is writing that
possesses literary merit. Literature can be classified according to whether it is
fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose. It can be further
distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama,
and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their
adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

Literature is any written work that deals with man and his experiences
expressed in artistic, imaginative, creative, and meaningful languages which
arouses a noble feeling of pleasure in its interpretation and commentary on man’s
fate and destiny.

Literature is an essential part of history. It tells us something about our

past and our present. It has been used to inform what is happening in the country
and the world. It is also use for entertainment, to instruct and improve the readers.

Definitions of literature according to experts

Literature is a creative activity, a series of works of art (Wellek and Warren,

1963).

Literature is a work of fiction that is the result of creation by a spontaneous surge

of emotion that is capable of expressing the aesthetic parts of both the aspects
of language and of meaning (Mukarovsky, 1970; Cummings, 1971).

Literature is a fine piece of writing (belle letters) is a work recorded form of the
language, daily in various ways with the language solidified, reversed. Made odd
(Eagleton, 1980).

Literature is an oral or written that has various characteristics and features such
as originality, artistry, beauty in content and expression (Panuti, 1986).

Literature is a description of human experience that has dimensions of personal

and social as well as the knowledge of humanity that is parallel to the form of life
itself (Lafevere, 2004).

Literature is a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to
those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of
their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution
(Encyclopedia Britannica (2020).

Literature Umbrella

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Forms of Literature
1. Oral Literature – literary works transmitted from one generation to another
verbally.
2. Written Literature – literary works in printed form
3. Visual Literature – literary works presented in front of an audience.

Types/Genres of Literature
1. Prose - is writing in narrative form with sentences and paragraphs. It uses
everyday language.
a. Fiction – is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part
or in whole, with information or events that are not factual but rather imaginary,
that is invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of
literary work, it may also refer to theatrical, cinematic or musical work. Fiction
contrasts with non-fiction which deals exclusively with factual events,
descriptions, observation, etc. ( e.g. biographies, histories).
• Fairytale – story about kings, queens, princes, and princesses with a
touch of magic.
• Mythology – story about gods and goddesses
• Legend – story about the origin of a place or a thing
• Novel – a long narrative with an organized plot usually with a maximum
of 500 pages
• Novelette – a narrative with a an organized plot usually with a maximum
of 300 pages
• Short Story – a narrative with an organized plot usually with a maximum
of 100 pages
• Fable – story that uses animals as characters and with moral lesson
• Parable - story that uses by Jesus in teaching the Goods News
• Allegory – story that uses symbolism to represent an idea
b. Non-Fiction - is a work based entirely on facts and true events.
• Autobiography – life story of a person written by himself
• Biography – life story of a person written by another person
• Newspaper – collection of news articles about various current events
• Magazine – collection of articles regarding the lifestyle of man
• Journal – daily record of personal events
• Planner – daily record of business commitments

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 • Anecdote – a brief revealing account of an individual person or an
incident
2. Poetry - is writing in form of lines and stanzas. It has rhyme and rhythm, and
melodious tone. Ideas are expressed in aesthetic and meaningful
language. It usually uses figures of speech.
a. Narrative - is an account of events,or simply a story,expressed in poetry.
• Epic – a narrative poem about supernatural powers possessed by
heroes and heroines
• Ballad – a narrative poem with harmony and rhythm
• Idyll – a narrative poem about rustic life
• Metrical Romance – a narrative poem dealing with the emotions or
phase of life and the story is told in a simple, straightforward and
realistic manner.
b. Lyric – is a genre of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings.
In the ancient world, lyric poems were sung accompanied by a lyre.
Lyric poems do not have to rhyme and today do not need to be set to
music or beat.
• Song – a lyric poem intended to be sung with melodious harmony and
rhythm
• Sonnet – a lyric poem consisting of 14 iambic pentameters lines
• Ode – a lyrical poem praising or glorifying an event or individual
describing nature intellectually as well as emotionally.
• Elegy is a poem expressing melancholy, grief, and death. It is a
mournful poem that laments the death of a loved one.
c. Drama - is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance:
a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or
television. It is known as a dramatic poem, is an emotional piece of
literature which includes a story which is recited of sung. It refers to the
dramatic genre of poetry. (Buzzle.com)
• Comedy - is entertainment consisting of jokes intended to make an
audience laugh.[1] For ancient Greeks and Romans a comedy was a
stage-play with a happy ending. In the Middle Ages, the term expanded
to include narrative poems with happy endings and a lighter tone. In this
sense Dante used the term in the title of his poem, the Divine
Comedy (Italian: Divina Commedia).
• Tragedy - branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style
the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic
individual.
• Tragicomedy - is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic
and comic forms. Most often seen in dramatic literature, the
term can describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic
elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy
ending.
• Melodrama - is a dramatic work wherein the plot, which is typically
•
• sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes
precedence over detailed characterization.

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 Application
.
Directions: Answer the following questions based on your own understanding.
Your answers will be graded on the set criteria below.

Criteria: Content: 5 pts.; Organization of Idea- 3 pts; and Structure- 2 pts = 10 pts

1. Why do you read literature, why not?

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2. What makes literature a form of art?

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3. As a future educator, what do you think is the importance of studying

literature?
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Post Assessment

Direction: ENCIRCLE the letter of the best answer. (2 pts. each)

1. What is the genre of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings?
a. Prose
b. Drams
c. Tragedy
d. Lyric
2. Who posited that literature is an oral or written that has various
characteristics and features such as originality, artistry, beauty in content
and expression?
a. Wellek and Warren, 1963
b. Eagleton, 1980
c. Panuti, 1986
d. Lafevere, 2004
3. It has been used to inform what is happening in the country and the world.
It is also used for entertainment to instruct and improve the readers.
a. History
b. Poetry
c. Literature
d. Prose
4. Which one is typically sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the
emotions that takes precedence over detailed characterization?
a. Melodrama
b. Tragicomedy
c. Comedy
d. Tragedy
5. What genre of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings. In the
ancient world, the poems were sung accompanied by a lyre. A poems do not
have rhyme and today do not need to be set to music or beat.
a. Drama
b. Lyric
c. Poetry
d. Melodrama
6. What kind of fiction that has a long narrative with an organized plot usually
with a maximum of 500 pages.
a. Legend
b. Novel
c. Fairytale
d. Short story
7. Which literary works transmitted from one generation to another verbally?
a. Visual Literature
b. Visual/Oral Literature
c. Written Literature
d. Oral Literature

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8. Who believed that literature is a description of human experience that has
dimensions of personal and social as well as the knowledge of humanity
that is parallel to the form of life itself?
a. Wellek and Warren, 1963
b. Eagleton, 1980
c. Panuti, 1986
d. Lafevere, 2004
9. What life story of a person that is written by another person?
a. Biography
b. Anecdote
c. Autobiography
d. Journal
10. What type of literature that is writing in form of lines and stanzas, has a
rhyme and rhythm and melodious tone that usually uses figures of
speech?
a. Lyric
b. Novel
c. Poetry
d. Drama

Module 1

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 Lesson The Functions of Literature
2
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, student should be able to:
• explain the functions of literature

• recognize the importance of the different functions of

literature; and
• evaluate the functions of literature in our lives.

Time Frame: 3 hours/week

Introduction:
We deal with literary compositions almost every day, but how much do we know
about its functions? Have you ever thought about it? How does it help us in our lives?
There are various explanations for what literature means. Still, one of the common
notions in most of the definitions of literature is that it involves written texts and spoken
materials in some cases. As much as literature involves written texts, it is a higher form
of art; therefore, not every written text can be called a literary work. Sometimes we
underestimate the importance of literature in our lives, but thanks to it, we can learn new
things about the world, experience emotions, both good and bad.
This course focus on the knowledge and understanding of the different
functions of literature.

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Learning Task

Task 1 “Sharing Knowledge”

Directions: Share your ideas with the quotation below. Your answers will be graded
based on the following criteria: Content: 5 pts.; Relevance & Accuracy 5;
Organization of thoughts 3 pts; Total = 10pts

1. The difficulty of literature is not to write, but to write what you mean.
~Robert Louis Stevenson
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2. Literature is where I go to explore the highest and lowest places in human

society and in the human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the
truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart. ~Salman Rushdie
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3. What is wonderful about great literature is that it transforms the man who
reads it towards the condition of the man who wrote, and brings to birth in us
also the creative impulse. ~E.M. Forster
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 Analysis

Direction: Answer the questions below. Each item has a corresponding

10 points.

1. How literature is the sole means in which a person slips involuntarily into
another person’s soul, voice, and skin?
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2. In your own point of view, what is the function of literature in society?

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3. Do you believe that literature helps you to form your own vision of beauty?

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 Abstraction

The 10 Functions of Literature (Okafor, 2019)

1. Knowledge sharing
This is the most basic and important function of literature. We can learn
many new things about the world with its help; we can fill ourselves with
knowledge and become smarter.
2. Upbringing
Literature affects the feelings and outlook of a person. Why do we read
fairy tales in childhood? Well, mostly because they clearly distinguish between
good and evil, which helps children to understand what is good and what is bad
from an early age. Thanks to artistic images, authors convey basic educational
principles to the child. Also, literature like language is an element of culture. It
expresses people’s life and culture they have from one generation to another.
3. Communication
First of all, it is the communication between the reader and the author.
Very often, we are impressed by some characters and do not like others. We can
agree with a point of view of the author, and we can disagree with it altogether.
Also, a book can be a topic for discussion with your friends and acquaintances.
4. Entertainment
Even though we live in the digital age with all forms of entertainment at
our fingertips, a lot of people still enjoy reading books to entertain themselves.
After all, books can take you anywhere without you even leaving your couch, and
they can provide you with hours of fun. They don't even have to be fiction; some folks
get a kick out of reading construction manuals.
5. Shaping the aesthetic taste
Literature helps us to form our own vision of beauty. It pleasantly influences us,
changing our behaviour in society and attitude towards people in general. It helps us to
notice everything beautiful around us.
6. Self-development
Literature helps us to develop ourselves. Thanks to books, articles, magazines,
we have the opportunity to fill ourselves with new knowledge, cultivate good qualities
and strive for something more.

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7. Development of Thought Process
The more we know, the more we have the desire to tell others about it and find out what
they think about it. As the saying goes: "Truth is born in dispute," and so it is. People
very often reflect on processes, events, knowledge, which they read and discuss various
issues with others.
8. Pleasure
We get pleasure every time from reading good verses or beautiful work, or a
book with a great plot, or other interesting facts and scientific works. People spend a lot
of time looking for something that really brings them pleasure, and literature is something
that does that.
9. Shaping speech
The more a person reads, the more words they learn, as well as different designs
and options for constructing sentences. People can enrich their vocabulary thanks to
literature.
10. Transformation
Our world is full of information, and not all of it is good and beautiful, but with the
help of literature, we can transform bad memories into something beautiful. Ordinary
characters, events, and settings can be turned into something artistic, poetic and
beautiful. Also, literature can be used to transform societies through the criticism of
societal ills and injustices. Literature as a tool for awareness criticizes society by pointing
out the evils and other injustices in society. When criticized, the people in a particular
society take necessary actions.

Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1218547-10-functions-literature-about.html

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Application

Directions: Discuss and evaluate the picture below of how it is related

to our lives or to human society in general.

Discussion:

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Note: Your answers will be graded based on

the set criteria:

Content (15pts), Relevance and Accuracy

(10pts.), Organization of thoughts (5pts.)
Total of 30pts.

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 Reflection

Direction: Write down the things you have learn from the lesson in 3 to 5
sentences.

1. What did I understand?

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2. What did I remember?

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3. How can I apply this in the future?

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CONGRATULATIONS!
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 Well done! You have just finished lesson 1 and lesson 2 of this module.
Should there be some parts of the lesson which you need clarification, please
ask your instructor during face-to-face interactions.

Now if you are ready, please proceed to Lesson 3 which will discuss
about Prose and Poetry.

Module 1

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Lesson 3 Prose and Poetry

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

• discuss prose and poetry;

• identify prose and poetry from the activity;
• determine the kinds of title in the different genre; and
• create prose and poetry through the given pictures.

Time Frame: 3 hours/week

Introduction

Prose is a form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure

and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry).
While there are critical debates on the construction of prose, its simplicity and
loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken
dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is commonly
used, for example, in literature, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, Prose
benefits the more informal metrical structure of verse that is almost always found
in traditional poetry. Poems usually involve a meter and/or rhyme scheme. Prose,
instead, comprises full, grammatical sentences, which then constitute
paragraphs and overlook aesthetic appeal. Some works of prose do contain
traces of metrical structure or versification and a conscious blend of the two
literature formats is known as prose and poetry.
On this point, prose is words in their best order while poetry is the best
words in their best order.

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Learning Task

Task 1: Literature Tree

Directions: Using the things that you have learned from lesson 1,
complete the graphic organizer below. This will help
you organize your learning for this module.

LITERATURE

Prose Poetry

From lesson 1 what is the description of From lesson 1 what is the description of
Prose Literature? (5 pts.) Poetry Literature? (5 pts.)
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Search on the web examples of Search on the web examples of

Prose Literature Poetry Literature

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2. ____________________________ 2. ________________________

3. ____________________________ 3. _________________________

4. ____________________________ 4. _________________________

5. ____________________________ 5. _________________________

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Task 2 “Genre Challenge”

Direction: Read a book from each genre or type of literature given.

Record the title and your impressions in the chart below. (5
pts. each item)

Type/genre Title What was your impression?

1. Novel

2. Legend

3. Fable

4. Poetry

5. Biography

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Analysis
Directions: Read the description of the texts. Analyze what type of
literature the text and support your answer in 2 – 3 sentences.

1. What we know by Bradley Schmitt. William Shakespeare wrote some of the

best plays in the history of English literature. His wordplay and the use of
figurative language is unmatched. But what do we really know about him?
According to Dr. Schmitt, not too much, he combs through available records to
create a picture of Shakespeare’s life. Dr. Schmitt covers Shakespeare’s birth,
his business dealings and his battles in the courtroom. Though there are large
gaps, Dr. Schmitt does an excellent job telling the tale of Shakespeare’s life with
the available data.

Type: ______________________
Why?
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2. Magic Beans retold by Andy Krum in this retelling of the classic story. Jack’s
family badly needs money, so his father sends him to town to sell their cow. A
strange character offers Jack a few beans for the cow. The seller claims that the
beans are magical. Jack agrees but later regrets his decision and is unable to
find the seller again. In his disappoint, Jack throws the beans out of his window
and takes a nap. He awakens to find that a giant beanstalk has grown to the
heavens, taking his house with it. Now Jack is in a strange land of giants, magic
and treasures untold. Will he survive his encounter with the giants?

Type: _______________________
Why:
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3. Fragmented by Maxwell Morton on November 22, 1963: In one of the most

stirring moments in American history, President John F. Kennedy was
assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through downtown Dallas. While the
nation is grieving, ex-federal agent Nicholas Lively is called to duty to
investigate the assassination. But as Lively starts following the threads, he is
led to places controlled by powerful people and asking the questions that Lively
asks is dangerous. Will Lively get the answers to his questions or will he get
something much worse? Find out in this exciting and imaginative novel.

Type: _______________________
Why?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 25

Abstraction

Literature refers to written creative work, particularly those which have a

high and enduring value. It is known for its form in which the message is
presented or communicated and its content. Prose and poetry are the two
common forms of literature; wherein prose is written work, which contains
sentences and paragraphs, and does not have any metrical structure. As against,
poetry is a genre of literature which is based on a particular form, that creates a
rhyme.

When it comes to creative expression within the English language, most

art forms fall into one of two categories: prose or poetry. Prose includes pieces
of writing like novels, short stories, novellas, and scripts. These kinds of writing
contain the kind of ordinary language heard in everyday speech. Poetry includes
song lyrics, various poetry forms, and theatrical dialogue containing poetic
qualities, like iambic pentameter.

However, prose and poetry are not completely stratified such that one can
never contain the elements of the other. The prose poem is a creative writing
format that combines elements of the poetic form and the prose form.

Indeed, prose poetry is poetry written in prose form instead of verse

form, while preserving poetic qualities such as heightened imagery, parataxis,
and emotional effects. (Wikipedia)

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 26

Application
Directions: Create a short story of two paragraphs (prose) and a sonnet (poetry) out of the
pictures given below. This activity is considered as your requirement in
midterm exam.

1. 1. Prose
Title: ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 27

2. Poetry
Title: ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

CONGRATULATIONS!

You have greatly finished the lessons in Module 1. Should there be

some parts of the lessons which you need clarification, please ask your

instructor during face-to-face interactions.

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 28

Post Assessment

Directions: Read the fable below and encircle the letter of the best answer.

Bidasari
Anonymous
The people in Kembayat were fussed in a giant bird that eats human.
When the giant bird came back, they all hid out of fear. The sultana, who’s
pregnant, however, was lost in the woods. Out of fear, she gave birth and
forgot about the baby when she left.

Luckily, a merchant saw the baby and a bowl containing a live goldfish.
The merchant realized that the life of the baby was attached to the live
goldfish. If the fish leaves the water, the baby will die. The merchant adopted
the baby. Later on, the baby grew up into a very beautiful young woman.

In the kingdom, the kind has just remarried a beautiful woman named
Permaisuri. Permaisuri was afraid that the king will fall in love with someone
else. When the queen found out about Bidasari, she was brought in the
castle. There, she became a slave but Permaisuri wasn’t satisfied. So, when
she found out about the secret of Bidasari, she took the fish and made it into
a necklace. Thus, Bidasari died and was put in a beautiful tomb located in
the woods.

One day, the king went hunting in the woods and saw the beautiful tomb.
He went inside and saw Bidasari sleeping. The king waited Bidasari to wake
up for two days.

Meanwhile, in the palace, the queen was taking a bath and the fish
managed to break free. Thus, Bidasari was awakened. The king talked to
Bidasari and she told everything to the king. The king was so enraged.

Later on, the king took Bidasari and they got married. Thus, Bidasari
became the new queen of the kingdom.

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 29

1. What type of character is Bidassari?
a. Round Character
b. Flat Character
c. Stereotype
d. Individual Character
2. Which of the following fits the theme of the fable?
a. Everyone must be content in wherever he is.
b. Beauty is covered if envy is tolerated.
c. Pride can kill innocent people.
d. Destiny will always take its floor.
3. Where did the story happen?
a. Philippines
b. India
c. South Africa
d. Malaysia
4. What is the symbol of Bidasari?
a. Water
b. Salt Sea
c. Gold Fish
d. Beauty
5. Which of the following fits the mood of the fable?
a. Happy
b. Sad
c. Tragic
d. Neutral
6. How did the fable end?
a. Happy ending
b. Tragic ending
c. Open ending
d. Indeterminate
7. What point of view the author used in the fable?
a. First person
b. Second person
c. Third person
d. Fourth person
8. How did the author reveal Bidasari in the fable?
a. Through expository presentation
b. Through dramatic presentation
c. Through narrative presentation
d. Through descriptive presentation
9. Did Bidasari really die? Why did you say so?
a. Yes, because it is said in the fable.
b. No, because the gold fish escaped into the water which made Bidasari
revived again.
c. Yes, because the queen killed the gold fish before she made it into a
necklace.
d. No, because the king kissed her lips in her beautiful tomb.

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 30

10. What is the tone of the narrator in the fable?
a. Happy
b. Sad
c. Angry
d. Neutral
11. What made the queen desire to kill Bidasari?
a. Fear of the time that the king would fall on Bidasari’s beauty.
b. Dissatisfaction of Bidasari’s service.
c. Jealousy of Bidasari’s innocence.
d. Fear of the time that the queen would become Bidasari’s handmaid.
12. Why did the king marry Bidasari?
a. Because of her beauty.
b. Because of her innocence.
c. Because he was angry with the queen.
d. Because of the gold fish.
13. Where did the story happen?
a. Philippines
b. India
c. South Africa
d. Malaysia
14. What part is the climax in the fable?
a. A human-eating bird invaded Kembayat and the people escaped from it.
b. A merchant found a baby with a fish in the bowl and adopted it with a
name Bidasari.
c. The king was in a hunting and found a beautiful tomb, so he went in, and
found Bidasari sleeping in it.
d. The queen heard about Bidasari’s secret. She took the fish out of the
water and made it a necklace, and so Bidasari died.
15. What is the function of Bidasari in the fable?
a. Protagonist
b. Antagonist
c. Confident
d. Foil

The Teaching and Assessment of Literature Studies Page 31

References

Ahmed, A. (2017). Literature and its influence on human life. Retrieved from
http://data.conferenceworld.in/NCCW/P129-134.pdf

Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. (2012). What are 21st-
Century skills? Retrieved from http://atc21s.org/index.php/about/what-
are-21st-century-skills/

Banez, R. (2016). Recency or relevance: A quest for pedagogical framework in

teaching Philippine and world literature in senior high school. Asia Pacific
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp 78-86. Retrieved
from http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/APJMR -
2016.4.4.2.11.pdf

College of Arts and Sciences. (n.d.). Modern & classical languages, literatures
& cultures. Retrieved from https://mcl.as.uky.edu/.

Crutcher, R.A., (2011). Fluency across the boundaries: A case for liberal
education in the 21st century. American Council on Education. Retrieved
from www.acenet.edu.

Donoghue, F. (2010). Can the humanities survive the 21st century? Chronicle
of Higher Education, 57 (3), B4-B5.

Follero, D. (n.d). Introduction to literature: Forms, divisions, and subdivisions.

Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/27992041

Okafor. I. (2019). Functions of literature. Retrieved from https://www.legit.ng/

1218547-10-functions-literature-about.html

Yanti, F. (n.d.). Definition of literature according to experts. Retrieved from

http://syah41835.blogspot.com/2016/10/definition-literature-and-
prose.html

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