Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Random Variable and Module

Probability Distribution 3
Quarter 1
Statistics and Probability
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Random Variables and Probability Distribution
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Louela A. Dolotina
Editors: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Christopher J. Cruz, Ma. Lourdes D. Espino, Cristina Sofia D. Rafallo
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Statistics and SENIOR
HIGH

Probability SCHOOL

Module
3
Quarter 1

Random Variables and

Probability Distribution
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Grade 11 Module on Random

Variables and Probability Distribution!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Let us start our day right. Make sure you have taken your
breakfast then set aside other task that will distract you during
the lesson. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Do not be
in a hurry. Make sure you have pen and paper ready with you.

Perform all the activities provided in this module. Relax and enjoy
the lesson. God bless!

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module on Random Variables and

Probability Distribution!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
Lesson EXPECTATION
1:
Random Variables and Probability Distribution
Lesson 1.3 Constructing Probability of Random
Variables

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:
1. illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and
its properties; and
2. compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

PRETEST

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement
is incorrect.
1. Random variables can only have one value.
2. The probability of getting even number in rolling a die is ½.
3. The probability distribution of having tails in tossing 2 coins
is ¼.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random
variable must be equal to 1.
5. The probability of each value of a random variable must be
between -1 to 1.

RECAP

In our previous lesson, we discuss two types of random variables, they are:
1. Discrete random variable is a set of possible outcomes that are
countable or digital
2. Continuous random variable is a random variable where values are
on a continuous scale. Where the data can take infinitely many values
such as temperature, weights and heights.
Examples:

LESSON
Many
decisions are made by assigning probabilities to all possible
outcomes in any situations and evaluation comes next. In this lesson, you
will learn probability distribution of a discrete random variable.

Steps in getting the probability of each value of the random variable:

1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital
letter assigned).
3. Given the total possible values of the random variable, assign
probability values to each value of the random variable.

Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let H represent heads, T represent tails and
X be the random variable representing the number of heads that will occur.
Find the values of the random variable X.
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is:

Example 2
Suppose there are three people to be tested in Covid-19. Let P represent
positive, N represent negative and Z be the random variable representing the
number of infected person/s that occur. Find the random variable Z.
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable Z is:

Example 3
Two winners will be drawn from 5 security guards (S) and 6 canteen staff
(C). Let W be the random variable representing the canteen staffs. Find the
values of random variable W.

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable W is:

Properties of a Probability Distribution:

1. The probability of each value of a random variable must be between 0
and 1 or equal to 0 or 1. We can also write it as 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑋) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must
be equal to 1 or Σ𝑃(𝑋) = 1.

ACTIVITIES
I. Construct the probability distribution for the random variables
described in each of the following situation given below.

1. Four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable that represent the
number of tails that will occur. Find the values of random variable Y.

2. Five computers will be delivered to a certain school for testing, but

three of them are defective. The principal will get two of these
computers for his office. Let T represent the random variable
representing the defective computers will occur. Find the values of
random variable T.
 II. Determine whether the distribution represents a probability
distribution.

1.

2.

III. The following data shows the probability for the number of computers
sold in a given day at a certain mall.

1. Find P(𝑋 > 3)

2. Find P(𝑋 ≤ 6)
3. Find P(2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 8)

WRAP–UP
Steps on getting the probability of each value of the random variable:
1. Determine the sample space. Assign letters that will represent each
outcome.
2. Count the number of the value of the random variable (capital
letter assigned).
3. Given the total possible values of the random variable, assign
probability values to each value of the random variable.

Properties of a Probability Distribution

1. The probability of each value of a random variable must be between 0
and 1 or equal to 0 or 1. We can also write it as 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑋) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must
be equal to 1 or Σ𝑃(𝑋) = 1.

VALUING
Decisi
on making is very important in all aspects of our life. Like for
instance, if your family is into business. This situation and
many others require the use of random variables and probability
distribution. We can also apply this in our daily living like how we manage
our time daily and determining which portion contains higher probability
distribution. Then let us check if that lifestyle is healthy or not.

POSTTEST

I. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. If tree coins are tossed, what is the probability distribution of the

values of the random variable having two heads?
a. 1/8 c. 1/4
b. 3/8 d. 5/8

2. As shown in the table below, which formula satisfies the probability

distribution?

1 Y
a. P(Y) = c. P(Y) =
Y 9
 Y 9
b. P(Y) = d. P(Y) =
12 Y

3. It consists of the values a random variable can assume and the

corresponding probabilities of the values.
a. random variable c. discrete random variable
b. continuous random variable d. discrete probability
distribution

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. The value of a random variable can also be zero.
b. Random variables can be a discrete or continuous random
variables.
c. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable
must be equal to 1.
d. The probability of each value of a random variable must be
between 0 to 1.

5. Given the table, which of the following satisfies P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4)?

a. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.15 c. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.35

b. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.45 d. P(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4) = 0.65

6. Construct the distribution of the given formula and check if the

correspondence can serve as the probability distribution in a random
variable.
𝑥+3
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 1, 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
15

KEY TO CORRECTION

Pre Test
Activity
I. 1

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable Y is:

I. 2

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable T is:

II.
 III.

Post Test

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable T is:

REFERENCES

Belecina, R.R.; Baccay, E.S.; Mateo, E.B., Statistics and Probability, First
Edition, Rex Book Store

Freund, John E., Modern Elementary Statistics, Tenth Edition, Pearson

Prentice Hall