THE EFFECT OF FLOODINGS IN THE LOCAL ECONOMIES OF BAGGAO

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Economics Program

Department of Social Science, College of Arts and Sciences,
Cagayan State University, Carig, Tuguegarao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Subject Thesis 1A leading to the degree
Bachelor of Arts in Economics, First Semester
School Year 2022-2023

By

MILDRED P. DOMINGO
November 2022
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Objectives
Hypothesis of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Definition of Key Terms
Significance of the Study
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Literature Review
Related Studies
Conceptual Framework
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METODOLOGY
Research Design
Population and Respondents of the Study
Sampling Procedure and Sample Size
Concepts, Variables and Indicators
Research Instrument
Data Collection Procedure
Data Processing
Data Analysis
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Philippines is always suffering from powerful typhoons that cause floods. Many
lives are taken and cost due to the damages that run for about millions of peso each year. We
continue to endure this natural disaster but we should take a look on the definition of flood. A
flood is caused by a combination of heavy rainfall causing river/oceans to over flow their banks,
and can happen at any time of the year, not just in the winter.

Asia continues to see the most terrible flood disasters, which continue to claim thousands of
lives. Bangladesh and China and India, the two nations with the largest populations, are strongly
concentrated in the flood risk's geographic range, which has resulted in significant material and
human losses (Bouwer et al. 2007, Dash et al. 2007, Shen et al. 2008, Douglas 2009).

The most frequent cause of river floods in big river basins, but high-latitude locations, is intense
and protracted rain. While the flood response is frequently influenced by where in the catchment
the rain falls, the response to an input of rainfall can be affected by antecedent conditions.
Landslides, decreased channel conveyance, and the unexpected disintegration of impeding
structures, such as the collapse of landslide dams, ice jams, or glaciers obstructing glacial lakes,
are other natural elements that may cause floods. Rarely can severe downstream floods be
directly caused by the catastrophic breakdown of a manmade dam. Dike breaches and the
obstruction of bridges and culverts by debris can affect the amount of flooding during a flooding
event (Kundzewicz et al. 2012).

Floods are common. They are caused by extreme rainfall, hurricanes, dam failures, etc.
The results are often disastrous. The country will be razed to the ground, homes will be
destroyed, the ecology and economy will be ruined, and people's lives will be changed forever.
Over time, these enormous floods damaged numerous homes close to the riverside. When it
rains, rivers frequently overflow their banks and flood neighborhoods with serious consequences
(Doracie, 2000).
Flood-related damage depends on the dissolved and suspended loads that the flood waters carry,
notably when the flood turns into a debris flow, in addition to the depth, speed, and persistence
of the water. The flooded region may be affected by sediment and other solid and liquid
materials, including raw sewage and a variety of contaminants, which frequently pose a major
health risk (Kundzewicz et al. 2012).

Floods are not always bad since benefits and hazards are distributed very differently throughout
communities. The majority of risk is borne by the government, private households, and small
enterprises, however some segments of the private sector profit from land development on
floodplains or from rebuilding after floods (Handmer 2008).

People can lose a lot in floods. Losing your life is one of the riskiest things that can
happen. A person is at risk of drowning in water if they are swept away and trapped by a flood.
People often die not only as a result of the floods themselves, but also as a result, including
malnutrition, hazardous flotsam and more. Because of the water, the medical services are having
trouble helping the citizens. As locals rely on lifeguards to bring food to refugees, many families
starve to death when workers struggle to cross the river. Natural disasters like flooding can have
a variety of negative effects on people's health (Tapsell, Penning-Rowsell, Tunstall, & Wilson,
2002); well health is defined as whole physical, mental, and social well-being. Living after a
flood for a long time in rainy, uncomfortable surroundings has several effects.

This study focuses on the effect of flooding in the local economies of Baggao where the
floods have adversely affected Baggao's economy, leading to large-scale underdevelopment in
some economically very important areas, as most people know, the immediate effects of flooding
include loss of life, damage to property, destruction of crops, loss of livestock and deterioration
in health due to waterborne diseases. As communication links and infrastructure such as power
plants, roads, and bridges are damaged and disrupted, some economic activities may grind to a
halt, people are driven from their homes, and normal life is disrupted.

The municipality of Baggao expect a great flood if there is a continuous heavy rain
brought (or may not) by a tropical cyclone or frontal system that might damage and erode parts
of the Sierra Madre Mountain range and riverbanks. The Bagunot Bridge is one of the main
thoroughfare of the municipality that connects six (6) barangays from the downstream
communities to the Poblacion. This is the place where barangays of Bagunot, Canagatan, San-
Vicente, Carupian, Bunugan, Taguing and others get their basic commodities for living. If the
Bagunot Bridge overflows, it will cause the delay of delivery of services to the people, damage
to infrastructures and facilities, livelihood and properties. The different barangays conduct
evacuation when need arises, in cases that there are needs for evacuation, the MDRRMC
Members of the LGU will then go to each barangay where there are reported victims of flooding
to pick-up and deliver to their designated evacuation centers. Continuous monitoring to the
situation from radios, televisions and text messaging are the main media to have updates with
regards to the situation.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem which the study is to evaluate the effect of flooding in local economies of Baggao,
where the study area is in severely flood prone area

1.) What is the profile of the household:

1. 1 ) Household size:
1. 2 ) Income monthly:
1. 3 ) Location:
1. 4 ) Source of income:
1. 5 ) Membership to financing:
2.) How does flooding effect the respondents in terms of:
2. 1 ) Livelihood:
2. 2 ) Access to Goods and Services:
2. 3 ) Access to Health:
2. 4 ) Displacement and out migration:
3.) What are the adaptation strategies of affected respondents for flooding?

OBJECTIVES
 This study determines the effect of flooding in the local economies of Baggao

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

Floods can also have tremendous destructive power. When the water flows, it can destroy all
kinds of buildings and objects like bridges, structures, houses, etc. Floods also often damage
power transmission and sometimes power generation, which then has side effects from power
failure. This also includes the failure of drinking water treatment and the water supply, which
can lead to loss of drinking water or serious water pollution. Damage to roads and transport
infrastructure can make it difficult to mobilize help for those affected or to provide emergency
medical care.

If: if there is no natural disaster (floods) happens, there is no loss of human life, damage of
property, destruction of crops, loss of livestock, and deterioration of health conditions owing to
waterborne diseases.

Ho: There is an effect of natural disaster (Flooding) to the local economies of Baggao.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will focus and determine in the effect of flooding on the local economies in Baggao
and focuses only on the problems that these residents experienced and that made them
uncomfortable. Participants were also asked follow-up questions regarding their statements.
The members have been selected primarily based totally at the following criteria: First, It need
to be one respondents in line with household; second, they need to be capable
of orally solution the researcher, and lastly, they need to be residing within the community.

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

For the purpose of clarification, the important terms used in the study have been defined.
The following terms are:
Flooding- is the most common type of natural disaster and occurs when an overflow of water
inundates normally dry land. Flooding is often caused by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or
storm surge from tropical cyclones or tsunamis in coastal areas.

Household- people living in the same house, regardless of their relationship.

Livelihood- refers to the full range of media used by individuals, families and communities, to
make them a livelihood, such as salary income, agriculture, fishing, food gathering, other natural
resource based livelihoods, petty trade and bartering.

Heath- a condition of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not only the absence o
f disease.

Services- A service is not a tangible or physical entity, but consumers still desire it

Goods- is a tangible item that consumers desire or own.

Migration- The movement of a person from one place or country, locality, place of residence,
etc., to settle in another.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to provide relevant data and knowledge about the chosen topic
from the respondents, as well as current research and related websites wished for the expected
significance to the people. The results of this study are helpful to the following:

Resident of Barangay Canagatan, San-Vicente and Bagunot: Residents would be the main
participants of the study because the results would show what steps should be taken to address
the issue. Residents of the area will find it significant because it can assist their community's
flooding problem.

LGU BAGGAO: This research will also benefit local government unit, it provides information
and data that may help solve a community problem, this can help them develop research-based
projects that will effectively alleviate the problem. This research will benefit the local economies
of Baggao. The study data could be use to track the progress of each household’s recovery from
the effect of flooding in the local area.

Future Researcher: Future researchers will benefit from this research as the data produced in
this paper will provide more insight into the flooding situation, particularly within the Baggao
community. In addition, the research will determine the effect of floods in local economy of
Baggao, and future researchers can use the data collected to extend broader analyzes of different
groups facing the same difficulties.

Researcher of the Study: The researcher in this study will benefit greatly from this. The course
strengthens various aspects that enable a comprehensive development of research skills. It will
improve the knowledge contained in the generated data, the understanding of the community,
and lastly, the research ethics. It would also give the researcher an innovative technique on how
to gather credible input and broaden the perspective on analyzing the collected data for
comprehensive data analysis.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERARTURE

Flood is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry land,
suddenly gets submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede quickly.
Others take days or even months to build and discharge (eSchoolToday, 2022).

Flooding is one of the main issues the Philippines is now dealing with. The Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (2006) defines flooding as
"a gradual and abnormal rise in the water level in a stream that can cause water to overflow the
normal boundary of the stream and cause subsequent flooding in areas that would not normally
be flooded." (PAGASA).
The Philippines, an island nation in Southeast Asia's archipelago, is considered to be one of the
nation’s most vulnerable to the effects of human-caused climate change. Recurrent flooding
brought on by typhoons, monsoons, and severe rains has become a significant problem in the
Philippines during the past few decades. Typhoons Haiyan (Yolanda) in 2013, Bopha (Pablo) in
2012, Nesat (Pedring), Washi (Sendong), as well as Ketsana (Ondoy) and Parma (Pepeng) in
2010 have caused recent large-scale flooding that resulted in thousands of casualties and
significant flooding. . (Franta et al., n.d.).

More than a thousand people died in Northern Mindanao in December 2011 as a result of flash
floods and mudslides brought on by Tropical Storm Sendong, which also devastated crops and
property. Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in 2009 caused devastating flooding in Metro Manila and
other areas of Luzon, displacing 9.3 million people and leaving close to a thousand people dead.
More than $4 billion in total losses and damages, or 2.7 percent of the nation's GDP, were
incurred. (World Bank Group, 2012)

The deadliest flood in Philippine history, Typhoon Yolanda (also known as Haiyan), made
landfall in 2013. 4.1 million people were forced to leave their homes and 1 million destroyed
homes. 6 million workers were left jobless. Over a million coconut farmers lost their means of
subsistence as a result of Typhoon Yolanda's severe damage to some of the Philippines' most
important sources of income. They had to wait years for their farms to recover. One of the most
significant industries in the Philippines, employing 1.6 million people, the local fisheries were
also severely impacted by the storm. (Stamperdahl, 2020)

On December 3, 2012, Typhoon Bopha, a Category 5 super typhoon, made landfall over the
island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines Typhoon damage caused by the storm. 1,901
people passed away, and thousands of people were left homeless. Before moving on to the
central and southern parts of Mindanao, Bopha struck the provinces of Davao Oriental and
Davao de Oro. Before the storm dissipated on December 9, 170,000 people were forced to flee to
evacuation centers. (Mann, 2022)

Natural disasters have become more frequent over time, causing death, property damage, and
environmental degradation. More people are at risk each year, most of them living in developing
countries with high poverty levels, making them more vulnerable to natural disasters. (Living
with Risk, 2006).

(Third World Water Forum:Poverty and Flooding, held March 2003) reported that floods have
increased in frequency and severity in recent years, causing deaths, injuries, homelessness,
infrastructure damage, and environmental damage, as well as affecting other important sectors
such as agriculture and education.

Also one of the worst floods according to (CAT-i Bulletin: Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses), n.d.)
Vamco's torrential rainfall caused numerous landslides and floods to destroy the northern
Provinces of Cagayan and Isabela. Some communities, according to local authorities, witnessed
the worst flooding in almost 40 years. When the six gates of the Magat dam were opened to
prevent overtopping, the Cagayan River's already high water level quickly rose even higher. This
caused extensive flooding that caused damage in 25 cities and municipalities in Isabela province
as well as 22 cities and municipalities in Cagayan province. Some barangays in Tuguegarao City
(Cagayan Province) were drowned by more than 4.5 meters of water, which was a severe impact.

Nott (2006) states that The most common causes of flooding are related to weather, particularly
rain. Floods are mainly triggered worldwide by heavy rain. These events are often accompanied
by continuous rain lasting for days, weeks, or even months. The intensity and behavior of floods
are directly influenced by changes in land use. Increased runoff and often a reduction in channel
capacity as a result of higher sedimentation rates are the consequences of deforestation. He states
that floods are not considered natural disasters unless they endanger property or life. The area’s
most vulnerable to flooding are lowland areas with flood plans, low-lying beaches, deltas, and
small basins prone to flash flooding.

RELATED STUDIES

Floods and other natural weather-related disasters are occurring more frequently and with greater
intensity as a result of climate change. (ActionAid UK, 2022)

Flooding is one of the most frequent and dangerous risks in the US. In addition to killing people,
destroying property, and destroying crops, they demolish the nation's public infrastructure. The
scope of the issue has long been aggressively sought to be reduced by the federal government,
but in recent decades, the economic harm brought on by flooding has worsened (Li and Landry,
2018).

Citizens in all 188 countries are susceptible to flood threats, which provide a nearly global threat.
East Asia has the biggest proportion of flood-exposed inhabitants at 668 million, or nearly 28%
of its total population. Between 9% and 20% of people are exposed to flooding in Sub-Saharan
Africa, Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
Furthermore, only 9 of the 2,084 subnational regions that we examined have less than 1% of
their population at danger from flooding. The majority of flood-exposed individuals, or about
70% (1.24 billion), reside in South and East Asia, with China and India alone making up more
than one-third of the global exposure. Additionally, more than two-thirds of the population in
some subnational areas of South and East Asia are at risk from flooding. (Jun Rentschler,2022)

The poorest households—those with almost no savings and no access to support systems—often
suffer the most devastating long-term effects of floods. It is possible to pinpoint areas where
floods would have long-lasting detrimental effects on livelihoods and well-being by taking the
aspect of poverty into account. According to this metric, sub-Saharan African nations are most at
risk since, according to our estimates, at least 71 million of the region's 171 million flood-
exposed residents live in severe poverty (i.e., subsist on less than $1.90 per day). 587 million
poor people worldwide, including 132 million people who live in extreme poverty, are at risk of
flooding. (A Href=/Team/Jun-Rentschler Hreflang=En>Jun RentschlerMelda Salhab, 2020).

The susceptibility of people to flooding has risen due to global population growth acceleration
and changes in land use patterns. Floods can cause direct fatalities, morbidities, indirect
evictions, widespread damage to crops, infrastructure, and property, and they can also cause
serious injury (Doocy et al., 2013)

One of the nation’s most vulnerable to flooding is Bangladesh. In terms of lost lives, property,
livelihoods, and development gains, floods have a significant financial impact on Bangladesh.
This low-lying, coastal nation, which is traversed by many rivers, is extremely sensitive to
climate change, as well as to rises in sea level and rainfall that lead to flooding. (Countries –
Flood Resilience Portal, n.d.)
Only two countries in the world, the Netherlands and Bangladesh, have populations that are more
than 50% at danger of floods (59% and 58%, respectively). The final three countries in the top
five are Vietnam (46%), Egypt (41%), and Myanmar (40%). (ActionAid UK, 2022)

Bangladesh and Nepal were placed 6 and 99 respectively among the 173 nations in the World
Risk Index (WRI). With a 27.52% exposure to disasters, Bangladesh has been ranked as the
second-most disaster-risk country in Asia, behind Nepal's 9.97%. (World Risk Report, 2011).

Compared to affluent nations, floods in developing nations are more dangerous to people's lives,
health, and well-being. Typically, drowning accounts for two-thirds of deaths directly due to
flood occurrences, while physical harm, heart attacks, and electrocution account for one-third of
all fatalities (Fitzgerald et al., 2010).

Because flood protection is so inadequate in developing countries, flooding has a particularly

negative impact. As an illustration, 6,648 flood fatalities were reported in India and Nepal in
2013, the Philippines saw recurrent floods that claimed more than 100 lives every year between
2011 and 2013, and prolonged flooding in Thailand in 2011 resulted in significant economic
losses. Flooding has also affected developed countries for example, the Danube in Europe
flooded in 2013, and the Kinu River in Japan flooded in 2015. However, due to historical efforts
to reduce flood impacts, flood loss and damage, especially in terms of the number of fatalities,
are often less severe in industrialized countries than in developing ones. (Tanoue, 2016)

Although those floods may have been the most severe river flooding in recent memory, the
danger is not limited to Southeast Asia. Floods have the greatest impact on people compared to
other natural disasters. According to a recent estimate, river floods typically harm 21 million
people worldwide each year. Climate change and socioeconomic development may cause that
number to rise to 54 million by 2030. … (Luo n.d)

According to Bates et al. (2008), several aspects of the climatic system, most notably
precipitation (intensity, length, amount, timing, and phase—rain or snow), but also temperature
patterns, have an impact on floods (responsible for such phenomena as soil freezing, snow and
ice melt and ice jam formation)
Floods are also impacted by the characteristics and status of the soil (permeability, soil moisture
content, and its vertical distribution), the rate of urbanization, and the presence of dikes, dams,
and reservoirs in the drainage basin. River flooding may occur simultaneously with storm surge
or extremely high tides close to the sea (Brakenridge et al. 2013).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS

Profile of the
respondets according 1.) Present a letter
to:
How Flooding effect
2.) Conduct an the local economies in
Interview Baggao specially in
Name three Barangay
Address 3.) Organize the ( Bagunot, Canagatan,
Household size respondent's responses San- Vicente)
Income Monthly
Source of Income 4.) Analyze and
Membership to interpret the data
Financing gather.

The conceptual framework in form of an Input-Process-Output (IPO) Chart for the study in the
effect of flooding in the local economies of Baggao in Barangay (Bagunot, Canagatan, San-
Vicente) the researcher will conduct interviews to ensure the nature of community aim to know
the strategy in dealing with flood in the area.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will use the Descriptive research method to study The effect of flooding in the local
economies of Baggao. Descriptive research method will be the best sort in which the future
researcher collects data through participant comments. This study relies on participants' views of
a local phenomenon called flooding to determine its findings. The future researcher will assess
and analyze the participants' response through interview and survey. Additionally, the study will
use a variety of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected using an
interview or survey form provided by the researcher. The material in the literature will be
supported by secondary data came from research projects or articles carried out by other
researchers. These resources are either taken from online publications or other reliable source
like printed books. Additionally, sources will be gathered to offer additional pertinent data for
the study. Therefore, both primary and secondary sources would be useful.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A letter of request to conduct the study will prepare and the researcher construct a survey
questionnaire checklist, validate by the professor or the adviser of the subject. The researcher
will conduct the study in Baggao at a 3 Barangay (Bagunot, Canagatan, San-Vicente). The
researcher will clarify some terms to the respondents, so that the respondents can answer the
questionnaire with full knowledge of their responsibility as the subject of the study. The
researcher will use a selected random sampling since in this study the researcher goal is to
determine the effect of flooding in the local economies of Baggao.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

Baggao is a first-class municipality in the Philippine province of Cagayan. The 2020 census
indicates that there are 87,753 residents there. My study will focus on three barangays:
Canagatan, which has a population of 532; San-Vicente, which has a population of 644; and
Bagunot, which has a population of 1466.

SAMPLING OF THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

To get a true representative sample of the target population, only those between the ages of 15
and 64 are considered to be of working age. This indicator calculates the proportion of people
who are working age to the overall population. The slovin’s formula for the sample size
determination will use thus:

N
n= 2
1+ Ne

Where: N = Population Size

e = Margin of Error

1 = Constant

667
In an applying the formula, these Figures were obtaining as follows: n=
1+667 (0.05)2

667
n=
1+667 (0.0025)

667
n=
1+1.6675

667
n=
2.6675

667
n=
2.6675

n=250.05

Therefore, the sample size is 250, one questionnaire will administer to each of the select
household heads. A situation where more than one household head resides in a particular housing
unit, only one household will give. To have a proper coverage samples to the study that will
collect the Selected random sampling will use to determine the number of sample per Barangay
DATA INSTRUMENT

The researcher will use survey questionnaire as the principal tool in gathering data the researcher
will conduct an interview using prepare survey questionnaire.

For this study it consists of:

PART I. What is the profile of the household:

1.1) Household size:

1.2) Income monthly:
1.3) Location:
1.4) Source of income:
1.5) Membership to financing:

PART II. How does flooding effect the respondents in terms of:

2.1) Livelihood:
2.2) Access to Goods and Services:
2.3) Access to Health:
2.4) Displacement and out migration:

PART III. What are the adaptation strategies of affected respondents for flooding?
QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE EFFECT OF FLOODING IN THE LOCAL ECONOMIES
OF BAGGAO

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Direction: The researcher is currently conducting a research entitled, “THE

EFFECT OF FLOODING IN THE LOCAL ECONOMIES OF BAGGAO”. Please answer
the questionnaire honestly by checking () the appropriate boxes. Your answer will be
treated with utmost concern and confidentiality.

Name:(Optional) ____________________________________ Age: _____

Address: ___________________________________________ Household size: _____

1.) What is the household main source of income?

 Farming
 Business
 Civil Servant
 Unemployed
 others (Specify) ________________

2.) What is your highest level of education completed?

 No Formal Education
 Primary Level
 Elementary Level
 Secondary Level
 Tertiary Level

3.) What is the monthly income of the household?

 Below 5,000
 5,000-15,000
 15,000-25,000
 25,000 Above

PART 11: EFFECT OF FLOOD IN TERMS OF NEEDS/NECCESITIES OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Direction: The researcher is currently conducting a research entitled, “THE

EFFECT OF FLOODING IN THE LOCAL ECONOMIES OF BAGGAO”. Please answer
the questionnaire honestly by checking () the appropriate boxes. Your answer will be
treated with utmost concern and confidentiality.
 1.) Is agriculture one of the household’s primary source of income?
 Yes  No

2.) Due to flood, did you lose income from your job or livelihood?
 Yes  No

3.) Do you have access to health services during an emergency flood?

 Yes  No

If Yes, what health services are available to you when flood occur?

 First Aid
 Medication Supply
 Rescuer
 Other (Specify): _____________________

4.) During the Flood, did you have any access to goods and services?
 Yes  No

If Yes, what kind of access to goods and services do you have?

 Emergency food and water supplies
 Neighborhood sundry store
 Relatives Help
 Relief Goods
 Other (Specify): _______________

5.) How long have you lived at this address?

 Less than 6 months
 6 months - 1 year
 1 year – 5 years
 5 years and Above

6.) Does your family have experience in migrating your residence due to the effect of
flood?
 Yes  No

PART III. ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF THE RESPONDENTS

Direction: The researcher is currently conducting a research entitled, “THE

EFFECT OF FLOODING IN THE LOCAL ECONOMIES OF BAGGAO”. Please answer
the questionnaire honestly by checking () the appropriate boxes. Your answer will be
treated with utmost concern and confidentiality.

1.) Do you have any ways to get flood warning before it reached your area?
 Radio  Television (News)  Social Media
 Neighbor  Relatives  Others (Specify: ______
2.) Do you have any flood defense in place at your property?
 Sandbags  Diversion Canals
 Barrier/ Blocks  Other ( Specify): ___________

3.) Did you make any preparation for flooding in order to make your family and home
safer from flood disaster?
 Yes  No

4.) How would you rate flooding problem?

 Acceptable  Mild  Severe