TURIBA UNIVERSITY

History of tourism industry.

The development of tourism in the 19th

and 21st centuries

MADE BY: KARINA RAKHMATULLAEVA, STA1D1
SUPERVISOR: AMR ELADL
DATE: 11.10.21
 Can you imagine your life without travelling? Without
holidays at the resorts? Without visiting museums and
historical sites? Difficult, isn't it? And although travellers have
been known since the time of Odysseus, but this was the lot of
the most desperate and enterprising, and millions of people
were born and died, not knowing anything about what was
happening a hundred kilometers from their home.

So this presentation will show how the

tourism industry was born and the most
significant stages of its development.
Contents:
• The roots of tourism.
• Preconditions for the emergence of the tourism industry.
1. Industrial revolution
2. The need to improve hospitality system.
• Thomas Cook’s contribution
1. The birth of tourism industry

• Tourism in 20th century

• Tourism in 21st century

• Conclusion

• Resources
 The roots of tourism
• In ancient times, the main motives for travel were trade, pilgrimage,
treatment, education. During this period, sports trips were born. (Olympic
Games, 776 B.C.)
• In the Middle Ages, there was a enormous decline in tourism field.
• The Renaissance erases religious motives and enhances the individual
character of tourism. During the Enlightenment, travelling was
educational.
• Until the middle of the 19th century, travelling had a number of distinctive
features:
• 1. the means of transportation were primitive;
• 2. travel was not an end in itself, but a necessary condition and means of
achieving some goals (for example, trade, treatment, education, etc.).
 Preconditions for the emergence of the tourism industry.
1. Industrial revolution
•In the XIX century transport begins to
develop rapidly
•The invention of steam
locomotive(1804) and steamship(1814)
•The first railroad appeared in Britain
(1825), from which time large-scale
railroad construction began all around
the world.
•The first railway routes were focused on
the needs of commerce and connected steam locomotive Bristol-Exeter №44
large industrial centers.
2. The need to improve hospitality system
• The "transport revolution"gave rise to the need to
improve the hospitality system. Small guesthouses
could not cope with the increasing flow of travelers.
•In European centers, establishments for the service of
temporary visitors are beginning to be created -
hotels.
•A significant breakthrough was made in the
restaurant business. The existing system was designed
for a discerning and wealthy public. The restaurant
concept flourished in Europe. European restaurants
offered fine dining and high service. Hotel "Central" in Irkutsk, Russia

•The development of luxury hotels in USA. Also, the

principle of the cafeteria was born, which was very
popular. For the convenience of travelers, small
restaurants began to appear at railway stations.
Railway passengers experienced nutritional problems.
there were no dining cars on the trains yet.
Questions

•Why did people travel in ancient times?

•During which period tourism had experienced a
rapid decline?
•What were purposes of first railway routes?
•Where the era of luxury hotels started?
•Why did railway passengers experience many
nutritional problems?
Thomas Cook’s contribution
THE BIRTH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY
 The birth of tourism industry
•Tourism was born on July 5, 1841 in
England. On that day, 570 members of
Soberness Society boarded on railways in
Leicester to reach Loughborough, where
the alcohol-free convention of southern
counties was being held.
•The tour was organized by the preacher
Thomas Cook (1808-1892). Then he
organized several more such trips and by
1845 Cook began to organize educational
excursions in England, Scotland and
Ireland. Leicester Campbell Street Station,
birthplace of organized tourism
In 1851, Cook establishes the world's first travel agency, the Thomas Cook & Son Travel Agency. The
first large-scale action of the newly-made bureau was sending people to the Trade and Industrial
Exhibition that opened in London. The first overseas trip organized by Thomas Cook & Son was also
the World's Fair in Paris in 1855. Cook's clients were expected to have pre-booked hotel rooms, travel
guides with lots of useful tips on how to behave in an unfamiliar city.
Cook owns many innovations: he created the first package tour, which was a set of services sold at
one price. Cook's company, entering into contractual relations with railway and shipping companies,
hotels and restaurants, took care of the complex service of tourists.
Since the early days of travel agencies, travel has become a commodity that can be bought for money,
and people demand that quality meets price.
Cook first began to study the demand for tourism services, laying the foundations of tourism
marketing. Realizing the need to expand the geography of travel, Cook began to distribute tickets
not only in England, but also abroad.
The leadership belongs to Cook's company and in organizing the first round world trip. Cook's lines
of business are extremely diverse. Educational and sightseeing tours are popular. He continues the
tradition of pilgrim tourism, sends the British to resorts.
 Tourism in 20th century
• Mass tourism developed in the first half of the 20th century. Mass tourism refers to
the movement of a large number of organised tourists to popular holiday
destinations for recreational purposes. It is a phenomenon which is characterised
by the use of standardised package products and mass consumption.
•The First World War, the economic depression of the 30s, the emergence and
spread of fascism had a negative impact on the development of tourism. By the end
of the 30s. fascist regimes were established in Italy, Germany, Portugal, Spain and a
number of Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, in countries with a favorable
political environment, mass tourism continued its development. For example, if
before the First World War the maximum number of Americans who went abroad
was 287 thousand, then in 1923 - 308 thousand, and in 1930 - 477 thousand.
•The development of tourism before the Second World War is characterized by
the unpretentiousness of the services provided, the standard of their set.
Tourist service programs did not differ in variety, since the elementary tourist
services, from which they were formed, satisfied the consumer. This situation
made it possible for tour operators to form unified service packages for the
tourist market. In this case, we can talk about mass conveyor tourism.

•The Second World War and the subsequent activities of countries to eliminate
its consequences suspended the development of tourism for almost 10 years.
But in the future, the development of tourism becomes more and more
widespread. The pre-war level was reached already at the end of the 40s.
During this period, tourist exchanges and travels were widely developed in the
USA and Canada, Mexico, Panama, and Cuba. Beginning in 1948, travel to
Japan was allowed (the prohibition of inbound tourism was associated with
Japan's militaristic policy towards China in 1937-1945).
•Hotels and motels took to the franchising model of business expansion, and jet
travel was properly introduced in the 1950s, becoming popular throughout the
1960s.
So people had time, they had money – travel was safe and accessible.
•Tourism has simply continued to grow ever since. We now have mass tourism,
and the people who engage in it can be split into two groups.
These are ‘organisation mass tourists’ who make use of package deals and pre-
prepared itineraries, and ‘individual mass tourists’. The second group travel
independently but do use mass tourism services (airlines, hotel companies etc)
which have been promoted in the media.
 Tourism in 21st century
Travel is still ever-changing, though. People no longer necessarily travel just for
the sake of travel – they want an immersive experience, adventure and the
chance to give back to the local community.
Tourism, and the travel companies with the industry, have to keep up with the
different demands. Throughout the 21st century, Internet access has become
more common and new borders have opened. There is always increased wealth
and mobility of citizens. As different countries become attractive to tourists,
their economy grows – which, in turn, makes the destination more attractive.
This is why tourism is SO important!
There are always peaks and troughs when it comes to tourism. Terrorism,
health scares and political/economic instability often discourage travel. There
are now increased security procedures at airports, borders and attractions
which can be off-putting for some people. But, for the most part, people love to
travel.
• In the post-modern tourism era, consumers are more savvy, more fussy and
more aware. Nowadays, people care more about environmental
conservation, community impact, economic leakage and other such issues
and are far more considerate when they plan and undertake their travels.
Also, people now search for experiences that are authentic and are looking
to experience a range of different types of tourism. Organisations working
within the sector can now offer far more smart tourism experiences, such as
virtual tourism– which was widely used during the Coronavirus outbreak of
2020. Similarly, consumers are more Internet savvy in the post-modern era,
meaning that they are leaning towards independent research and dynamic
packaging as opposed to using the traditional package tourism methods
that were so popular for so many years. In fact, as a result of this change in
buying behaviour, many tour operators and travel agents have gone out of
business, including the famous Thomas Cook.
 To conclude

As you can see, the travel and tourism industry has a long and fruitful
history. While the industry has had its ups and downs, largely due to outside
factors such as economic recession, war or a virus outbreak, it has continued
to play an ever-important role in our lives.
 Recources:
• «Краткий конспект лекций по курсу «История и организация туризма»» БГУ
• «The history of tourism» https://tourismteacher.com/history-of-tourism-2/
• «The story of the birth of a real business»
https://www.shkolazhizni.ru/culture/articles/39950/
TED x Talks “The value of travel”
https://youtu.be/kYXiegTXsEs
Thanks for your attention!