St.
Therese of the Child Jesus Kidz Academy
20 Sto. Rosario St. Karuhatan, Valenzuela City
HEALTH 6
QUARTER 2
KEEPING HOMES, SCHOOL, AND COMMUNITY HEALTHY
THROUGH PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT
What is your biggest contribution to the community? Do you know the proper
waste management? Are you familiar with biodegradable and non-
biodegradable?
HEALTH 6
A healthy community is described as a place that safe and clean and have
improved overall health and quality of life for group of individuals living in the
same area. There is a sense of belongingness, and people live harmoniously and
peacefully together.
In this module we will learn keeping homes, school, and community healthy
QUARTER 1
through proper waste management.
Title Page
Quarter 2 KEEPING HOMES, SCHOOL,
AND COMMUNITY HEALTHY THROUGH PROPER
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Lesson 1:
Biodegradable 4-5
Non- Biodegradable 5-7
Waste Disposal 8
Recycling 9-10
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LESSON KEEPING HOMES, SCHOOL, AND
1
COMMUNITY HEALTHY THROUGH PROPER
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Objectives
MELC: The learner demonstrates understanding of keeping homes, school, and
community healthy through proper waste management.
Essential Question:
• Do you throw your garbage in proper disposal?
•Do you know how to segregate garbage properly?
Essential Understanding:
- Describe healthy school and community environments
- Explain the effect of living in a healthful school and community
- Demonstrates ways to build and keep school, and community environments
healthy.
- Practices proper waste management at home, in school, and in community.
- Advocates environmental protection through proper waste management.
Preliminary Activities
Motive questions
How should you maintain a community healthy?
Key Terms
Biodegradable- capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living
organisms.
Non-Biodegradable- not capable of being broken down by the action of living
organisms
Waste- an unwanted by-product of manufacturing process, chemical
laboratory or nuclear reactor.
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Discussion
To keep your homes, school, and community clean, you must identify and
understand the types of wastes you produce. It comes in different forms such
as;
• General waste
• Paper and cardboard
• Plastic
• Glass
• Metals
• Toxic waste
• Food
Basically, there are three types of waste, they are;
Biodegradable
Nonbiodegradable
Toxic waste
Biodegradable
Biodegradable waste is that can be broken down into its base components or simply
decomposed by microorganism or decomposers and recycled into the life cycle
naturally.
Examples: leftover or spoiled food; fruit and vegetable peelings, seeds and leaves,
grass
Paper waste is a type of waste that comes from used or discarded paper product.
Old newspaper, used notebook, and dilapidated boxes are just some examples.
Production of paper uses huge amounts of trees, water, and energy. Paper waste
takes up a lot of space in the landfill and when paper rots or composted. It emits
methane gas which is 25 times more toxic than carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is better
to recycle paper waste to save space, tress, and energy.
Kitchen Waste is one of the diverse types of biodegradable waste. It can be defined
as waste that is found and discarded from the kitchen. The following are different
types of kitchen waste.
Example; Leftover or spoiled food, fruit and vegetables peelings, seed.
Yard cuttings or trimmings are waste that are generated from the garden, lawn, or
backyard. Yard cuttings come in different forms such as leaves, gras trimmings, cut
branches, and pulled weeds.
Examples; leaves, grass trimmings, cut branches, pulled weeds.
Yard cuttings are bulky and somehow difficult to transport compared to other waste.
The good things is that are biodegradable and can be dealt with in different ways.
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1. Composting – Compost is an alternative material that can be used to grow
plants. A mature compost is created by combining organic wastes such as
yard cuttings, food waste, and manure (animal stool) in paper ratios and
settings them aside in a compost pit for some time.
2. Recycling- can be done to branch trimming and tree trunks by using them as
materials for arts and crafts.
3. Leaving them- leaves left beside the fence
For the grass trimmings and leaves, they may be left in place and just
let them decompose naturally. The trimmings left behind will also serve
as organic fertilizer after they decompose.
Nonbiodegradable Waste
Nonbiodegradable waste is a type of waste that cannot be broken down to its base
components naturally.
Unlike biodegradable wastes such as food and leaves, nonbiodegradable wastes
remain stable indefinitely and may take up millions of years before they decompose.
Examples; of nonbiodegradable wastes are used plastic bags, Styrofoam, plastic,
glass, and metal also being in this category. Plastic bottles, broken glasses old tires,
tin cans
Plastic waste
Plastic plays a big part I people’s lives. It is used in manufacturing almost everything-
from plastic bags and beverage containers to laptops and computers. Therefore, it
is important that you manage your plastic waste properly before it fills up the landfills.
There are two types of plastic waste.
1. Durable- the plastic that is hard and long-lasting
Example; appliances, Furniture
2. Nondurable- plastic that is easily destroyed
Examples; plastic bags, utensils
Styrofoam commonly known as Styrofoam, polystyrene is a petroleum-based plastic
made from styrene monomer. It is a light material that is used in making cups,
containers, packaging materials, and more. Discarded Styrofoam is
nonbiodegradable and can only be disposed off by recycling or by dumping into
landfills.
Examples; Styrofoam cups and Styrofoam cushion for electrons.
Glass is a very common material mostly used in the production of containers and
bottles. Glass also contributes to the bulk of nonbiodegradable waste because of
its widespread use. The best way to manage glass waste is by reusing it.
Examples; broken glass, old bottles
Cans another kind of waste that you usually encounter is used or discarded cans.
They may be aluminum cans that are usually used in beverages or tin cans that are
used as foods containers. Since cans are always made of metal (aluminum or iron).
It can always be reused or recycled.
Example; discarded can of sardines, soft drink cans.
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Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste is any kind of waste, liquid or solid, that contains substances that
are harmful to humans and animals. They may be;
1. Carcinogens- chemicals or substances that cause cancer.
2. Developmental and reproductive hazard- substances that cause adverse
effect on male or female reproductive systems or cause adverse effect on
developing organism. Examples are used batteries a type of waste that
contains lead or mercury.
3. Corrosives- substances that cause destruction or deterioration in living tissues.
4. Irritants- substances that cause inflammatory effects on skin. Household
cleaning materials.
Examples as muriatic acid and other cleaning aids
5. Allergens- chemicals or substances that cause allergic reactions.
6. Flammables- liquids or chemicals that can easily be set on fire.
Examples; fuel, thinners, and aerosol cans.
7. Explosives- substances that burst upon impact, temperature change, or
chemical reaction.
Examples of hazardous waste are; broken electronic devices, batteries, paint,
fuel, solvents, and expired medicine.
Chemicals
Hazardous waste may come in the form of chemicals. Chemicals harmful to humans
and animals are considered hazardous wastes.
Different Types of Hazardous Chemicals
Solvent paint, thinners, pesticides, kerosene, and other petroleum products are
examples of hazardous chemicals.
Here are some alternative to hazardous chemicals for household use:
1. All-purpose cleaner- can be made from a vinegar and salt mixture or from
four tablespoons baking soda dissolve in one-quart warm water.
2. Metal cleaners- clean aluminum with a solution of cream of tartar and water.
Brass may be polished with soft cloth dipped in lemon and baking soda
solution, or vinegar and salt solution.
Chrome may be polished with baby oil, vinegar, or aluminum foil.
Gold may be cleaned with toothpaste or vinegar.
Stainless steel and silver can be cleaned with white vinegar.
Used Batteries
Batteries makes life more convenient. Most of the gadgets and portable electronic
use batteries. They are also in cars, flashlights, power tools, and even in watches.
However, batteries do not last forever. An alkaline battery is disposed off when its
charge depletes, while a rechargeable battery lasts more cycles due to its being
rechargeable. Batteries also come in different shapes and sizes, but all of them have
two elements that combined to make power-an electro cycle and heavy metal.
The different heavy metals that are found in the batteries are mercury, lead,
cadmium, and nickel which can contaminate the environment when the batteries
are thrown away.
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Types of batteries
1. Lead-acid automobile batteries- These are found in cars, trucks, and
motorcycle.
2. Non-automotive lead-based batteries- These are found in emergency lights,
electric golf cars, and solar-powered devices.
3. Dry-cell batteries- These are usually found in consumer electronics like
watches, mobile phones, and flashlights. Below are types of dry-cell batteries.
a. Alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries- These are the non-rechargeable
batteries usually found in toys and remote controls. They come in different
sizes. (AAA, AA, C, and others.)
b. Button-cell batteries- These are the batteries found in watches, calculators,
and other small devices.
c. Rechargeable batteries- These are batteries that can be used for more
than just one cycle. It comes in different forms and sizes and can be found
in mobile phones, laptops, and digital cameras.
With number of devices that use batteries, it is certain that a lot of used
batteries are going to be discarded. With the hazardous heavy metals inside
them, used batteries must be disposed off properly.
Recycling centers accept batteries for recycling. There are also
nongovernment organizations that accept used batteries to help care the
environment.
Expired Medicines
Expired medicines do not represent a serious threat to the community or to the
environment. It may be harmful if it contaminates the water supply or if it gets into
the hands of scavengers and they try to sell it or consume it. Although most
medicines only become less effective after their expiration, they may also have
adverse effects.
Guidelines on Handling Medicines in School or at Home
1. A medicine’s expiration date should be visible, if not on the package on is
container.
2. Immediately sort out and dispose expired medicines.
3. Avoid contaminating drinking water with expired medicines.
4. Avoid burning expired medicines in low temperature or in open air.
5. Dilute disinfectants before disposing them into the sewage system.
Below is the time it takes for waste to decompose in the environment.
TYPES of WASTE TIME
Glass bottle 1 million years
Plastic beverages bottle 600 years
Disposable diaper 450 years
Aluminum can 80-200 years
Foamed plastic cup 50 years
Rubber boot sole 50-80years
Tin cans 50 years
Leather 50 years
Nylon fiber 30-40 years
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Plastic bag 10-20 years
Plywood 1-3 years
Apple 2 months
newspaper 6 weeks
Orange or banana peel 2-5 weeks
Paper towel 2-4 weeks
Proper Waste Management
Waste management is the collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage.
Waste Reduction (Reuse)
Buying used items like art supplies saves money and also helps care for the
environment. Choose reusable over disposable items, like reusable containers and
reusable fork and spoon.
Maintain and repair your things so that they do not have to be replaced frequently.
Donating is also a good way to reuse products. By giving them to the less fortunate,
you not only help them, but also help make the environment greener.
Benefits of Reducing and Reusing
1. Prevents pollution
2. Saves money
3. Saves energy
4. Reduces the amount of waste
Waste Storage
Proper waste storage is needed to temporarily store the accumulated waste safety
to keep them away from children and away from pets and rodents.
Guide in Separating Biodegradable from Non-Biodegradable Wastes.
1. Always prepare at least two trash bins with cover per room or area. One is
labeled “biodegradable” and the other is “Nonbiodegradable”
2. It is advisable to display along with the bins the different kinds od f waste or
garbage that belong to each category.
3. Ensure that the trash bins are secured in place and do not fall to their sides
easily.
4. Make sure to keep the bins are secured in place and do not fall to their sides
easily.
5. Paper waste may temporarily be stored in separate container or boxes for
recycling.
6. Use of tight-fitting storage containers is also encourage to keep the waste safe
from pest and rodents.
Waste Disposal
Composting- Compost is an alternative to soil in which you can grow plants. Mature
compost is a stable material with a content of humus; it is brown or black and smells
like soil.
Composting is the process of making compost. It is done by combining organic
wastes such as yard cuttings, food waste, and manure (animal stool) in proper ratios
and setting them aside in a compost pile for some time.
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Benefits of Composting
1. It reduces eliminates the need for chemical fertilizer.
2. It promotes grater harvest of agricultural crops.
3. It facilitates reforestation and habitat regeneration efforts by adding it to
polluted soils.
4. It remediates soil contamination by hazardous waste cost effectively.
5. It removes solids, oil, grease, and heavy metals from storm water runoff.
6. It avoids methane formulation it landfills.
7. It reduces the need for water, fertilizer, and pesticides.
The composting Process
Once important steps in considering composting is understanding how the
process works and also understanding the elements that must be controlled during
composting.
1. Feedstock and nutrients balance- Composting requires a proper green
and brown. Green for grass cuttings, food wastes, and manure, and brown
for dry leaves, wood chips, and branches.
2. Moisture content- Microorganism living in the compost pile need water to
survive. The organic wastes already contain some moisture, but moisture
may also come in the form of rainfall or watering.
3. Oxygen flow- The compost pile must be properly aerated to aloe
decomposition, but too much oxygen may dry out the pile and delay the
composting process.
4. Temperature- Microorganism require a certain temperature range for ideal
operation of the decomposing process. Certain temperature promotes
rapid composting and destroy pathogens and weeds seeds.
Recycling
Recycling is done when nonbiodegradable waste can no longer be reused.
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing waste and turning them into
new products.
Benefits of Recycling
1. It reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills
2. It minimizes pollution by reducing the demand o raw materials.
3. It saves energy.
Steps in Recycling Materials
1. Collecting and processing- This starts at home when you sort out the waste
that can and cannot be recycle and allowing the garbage collector to pick
the recyclable wastes and deliver them to recovery facilities. The recovery
facility cleans, sort out, and processes the waste into a material that can be
used for manufacturing.
2. Manufacturing- Recycle products population is fast growing due to the need
to take good care for the environment.
Examples: Recycled pencil, soft drinks container, newspaper, cardboard
tubes.
3. Buying products that are made from recycled materials- This increases the
demand for products from recycled materials.
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Proper Disposal of Hazardous Waste
Before throwing away hazardous or dangerous waste, you must identify first them so
that may avoid the harm that they can cause.
Hazardous waste can be subdivided into categories depending on what they can
do and how they respond to the surroundings. Its either liquid or substance explosive
or flammable.
Collection
Waste chemicals must be collected and placed in their individual container. The
chemicals must be compatible with container material (Example; acids must not be
placed in a metal container). Glass containers may be safely used for almost
anything.
The container for waste chemicals must be clean and fere from any residue of what
it was used for.
The container for holding hazardous chemicals must be kept closed do there is no
leak or escape of vapors. Always make sure that the lids are tightly in place.
All container must be properly labeled.
Request for waste Pick-up or Removal
Contact the local municipal waste department for information on the different
establishment that collect and recycle hazardous waste. The Department of
Environment and Natural Resources or DENR has a list of accredited recovery
facilities that collect and manage hazardous waste.
Activity 1
SCORE:_______
Direction: Identify if it is YARD CUTTINGS, PAPER WASTE, KITCHEN WASTE
_______________1. Leaves
_______________2. Leftover’s foods
_______________3. Old news papers
_______________4. Dilapidated boxes
_______________5. Pulled weeds
_______________6. Fruits and vegetables peelings
_______________7. Used notebook
_______________8. Cut branches
_______________9. Seeds
_______________10. Old magazine
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Activity 2
SCORE:______
DIRECTION: Differentiate the following;
1. Plastic waste
Durable vs. Non-durable
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. All purpose cleaner vs. Metal cleaners
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activity 3
SCORE:_______
DIRECTION: Enumerate the following.
Five hazardous wastes
___________________
__________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
Three types of Batteries
___________________
__________________
____________________
Activity 4
SCORE:_______
DIRECTION: Give the composting process.
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
__________________________
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Activity 5
SCORE:_______
DIRECTION: Give the steps in recycling and explain.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
Topic Sources
Books
Dynamic Series in MAPEH
(JO-ES Publishing House, Inc.)
Image Sources
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/abstract-family-healthcare-logo-graphic-
design-vector-26653790
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-growth-development-image7550191
https://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-early-childhood-development.htm
https://sites.google.com/site/maggieshumandevelopment001site/infancy-toddlerhood
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