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Chapter 7

The document describes different types of chemical and physical changes, explaining that physical changes do not break or form bonds while chemical changes produce new substances. It also covers writing and balancing chemical equations, and describes various types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions.

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Pirate Caribbean
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43 views

Chapter 7

The document describes different types of chemical and physical changes, explaining that physical changes do not break or form bonds while chemical changes produce new substances. It also covers writing and balancing chemical equations, and describes various types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions.

Uploaded by

Pirate Caribbean
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESCRIBING CHEMICAL

REACTIONS
Changes in Matter
Physical Changes
▷ Changes in which no bonds are
broken or formed.
▷ This means that the same types
of compounds or elements that
were there at the beginning of
the change are there at the end
of the change.
Physical Changes
▷ Melting
○ Solid to liquid
▷ Freezing
○ Liquid to solid
Physical Changes
▷ Vaporization
○ Liquid to gas
▷ Condensation
○ Gas to liquid
Physical Changes
▷ Sublimation
○ Solid to gas
Chemical Changes
▷ Occur when bonds are broken
and/or formed between
molecules or atoms.
▷ This means that one substance
with a certain set of properties
(such as melting point, color,
taste, etc.) is turned into a
different substance with
difference properties.
Chemical Reactions
and Equations
Chemical Reaction
▷ The process in which one or
more substances are
changed into one or more
new substances
Chemical Reactions
▷ Reactants – starting materials
▷ Product – what is produced or
the result of what happens to
the reactants when we put
them together
Reactants Products
Chemical Equations
▷ Used to represent chemical
reaction.
▷ Composed of symbol and
chemical formulas.
A+B AB
Symbol Meaning
Used to separate reactants from product; can be read as
“to produce” or “to yield”
Used to separate reactants from each other or products
+ form each other; can be read as “is added to” or “also
forms”

(s) In the solid state

(l) In the liquid state

(g) In the gaseous state

(aq) In the aqueous state, dissolved in water


SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g)
Methods for Describing
Chemical Reactions
▷ Draw a picture
of the chemical
reaction.
Methods for Describing
Chemical Reactions
▷ Write a word equation for the
chemical reaction
○ “Two molecules of hydrogen gas react
with one molecule of oxygen gas to
produce two molecules of water.”
Methods for Describing
Chemical Reactions
▷ Write the equation in chemical
shorthand.

H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l)


Balancing Chemical
Equation
H2 + O 2 H2O
H2 + O 2 H 2O
H H
O O
H2 + O 2 H 2O
H–2 H–2
O–2 O–1
Law of
Conservation of
Mass
H2 + O 2 H 2O
H–2 H–2
O–2 O–1
H2 + O 2 2H2O
H–2 H–24
O–2 O–12
2H2 + O2 2H2O
H–24 H–24
O–2 O–12
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Get the mass
Reactant
2H2 – 2 mol. of H2 x 2 g/mol. = 4 g H2
O2 – 1 mol. of O2 x 32 g/mol. = 32 g O2

Total mass of Reactant = 36g


Get the mass
Product
2H2O– 2 mol. of H2O x 18 g/mol. = 36 g
H2O

Total mass of Product = 36g


Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + NaNO3

Fe Fe
NO3 NO3
Na Na
OH OH
Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + NaNO3

Fe – 1 Fe – 1
NO3 – 3 NO3 – 1
Na – 1 Na – 1
OH – 1 OH – 3
Law of
Conservation of
Mass
Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + NaNO3

Fe – 1 Fe – 1
NO3 – 3 NO3 – 1
Na – 1 Na – 1
OH – 1 OH – 3
Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3

Fe – 1 Fe – 1
NO3 – 3 NO3 – 1 3
Na – 1 Na – 1 3
OH – 1 OH – 3
Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3

Fe – 1 Fe – 1
NO3 – 3 NO3 – 1 3
Na – 1 3 Na – 1 3
OH – 1 3 OH – 3
Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3
Get the mass
Reactant
Fe(NO3)3 – 1 mol. x 242 g/mol. = 242 g Fe(NO3)3
3 NaOH – 3 mol. x 40 g/mol. = 120 g NaOH

Total mass of Reactant = 362 g


Get the mass
Product
Fe(OH)3 – 1 mol. x 107 g/mol. = 107 g Fe(OH)3
3NaNO3– 3 mol. x 85 g/mol. = 255 g NaNO3

Total mass of Product = 362 g


Types of Chemical
Reaction
Synthesis

Chemical Reaction
Decomposition

Single
Replacement
Double
Replacement

Combustion
Synthesis Reaction
▷ One in which two or more
reactants combine to make one
type of product.

A+B AB
H2 + O2 H2O

Na + Cl2 NaCl
Decomposition Reaction
▷ When one type of reactant
breaks down to form two or
more products.

AB A+B
H2O2 H2O + O2

NH4NO3 N2O + H2O


Single Replacement Reaction
▷ One element reacts with one compound to
form products. The single element is said
to replace an element in the compound
when products form

A + BC AC + B
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

Zn + Cu(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
Double Replacement Reaction

▷ Two ionic compound reactants will react


by having the cations exchange places,
forming two new ionic compounds.

AB + CD AD + CB
CuSO4 + NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3


Combustion Reaction

▷ Oxygen reacts with another


substance to produce carbon
dioxide and water

CxHy (hydrocarbon) + O2 CO2 + H2O


C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O

C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O


Synthesis

Chemical Reaction
Decomposition

Single
Replacement
Double
Replacement

Combustion
Read the following:
▷ Collision theory
▷ Stoichiometry
Activity #7
I. Give 10 examples of Physical and
Chemical Change
Physical Change Chemical Change
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
II. Balance the following then determine
the type of chemical reaction

1. CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 +H2CO3


2. K + H2O KOH + H2
3. NI3 N2 + I2
4. Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
5. Mg + AlCl3 Al + MgCl2
II. Balance the following then determine
the type of chemical reaction

6. S + O2 SO2
7. N2 + H2 NH3
8. BaCI2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + NaCl
9. Fe + O2 Fe2O3
10. Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2

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