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Analysis and Design of Multistorey Building using

ETABS
Fathima Shalbana1, Niba E1, Farsana C V1,
U C Ahammed Kutty
Athulya Vijay N 2
1
Professor
Students,2Assistant Professor, Kmct College of Engineering for Women
Department of Civil Engineering, Kerala, India
KMCT College of Engineering for Women,
Kerala, India
Abstract—Structural Engineers are mainly concerned with A structure is subjected to various types of loading such as
finding out the behavior of a structure when subjected to permanent, movable and occasional. The permanent loads are
horizontal forces and adequate stiffness is required for the
due to self-weight of structure, semipermanent ones are due to
buildings which are high rise in order to con front horizontal
forces aroused by winds and earthquakes. To confront the
fixtures, furniture, stationary etc. which are rarely moved and is
horizontal forces i.e., lateral loads developed by earthquakes and considered as Imposed Loads or live loads. 2 Movable loads are
to contribute more stiffness to the structure we use Shear walls, due to moving vehicles, etc. The occasional loads are due to
which are added to the interior of the proposed structure. The wind, earthquake or floods.
principle objective of this project is to Plan, analyse and design a Earthquake has also become one of the natural challenging
multi-storeyed building [ G + 4(3 dimensional frame)] using factor for the efficient construction work. It is one of the
ETABS. The design involves analysing the whole structure by dominant constrains while designing the frame building in the
ETABS. The design methods used in ETABS analysis are Limit earthquake prone zone. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon as
State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice.
old as history of earth itself and is considered to be the most
ETABS features a state-of- the-art user interface, visualization
tools, powerful analysis and design engines with advanced finite
unpredictable one among all other natural disasters. Now a
element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model days, designers and engineers are giving more emphasis
generation, analysis and design to visualization and result towards the earthquake resistance while analyzing and
verification, ETABS is the professional’s choice. Initially it started designing any structure to minimize the seismic impact.
with the analysis of simple 2 dimensional frames and manually
checked the accuracy of the software with the results. The results
proved to be very accurate for all possible load combinations
1.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
[dead, live, wind and seismic loads]. There are three philosophies for the design of reinforced
Keywords—Analysis and designing,Etabs,commertial building concrete namely:
1. INTRODUCTION 1) Working stress method
Structural engineering is a wider discipline under the field of 2) Ultimate load method
civil engineering. It is a vast topic with unlimited theories and 3) Limit state method
practices. It’s a field that is still developing with huge 1.2 STAGES IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN
innovations and ideas. The roles and responsibilities of a
The process of structural design involves the following
structural engineer includes structural designing, selection of
stages
materials best suited for the structure, analysis of structures etc.
The present project deals with the analysis and design of a multi ▪ Structural planning.
storied commercial complex at Puthiyara, Kozhikode. ▪ Estimation of loads.
Structural designing include calculating loads and stresses ▪ Analysis of structure.
acting on the building, analysis for the loads, design of sections ▪ Member design.
of structures to sustain the loads. So that the structure designed ▪ Drawing, detailing and preparation of structures.
will withstand the load predicted safely.
2.OBJECTIVE
Analysis of structure is presently carried out by software like
ETABS, SAP, STAAD etc. As years pass new software are ▪ To analyse and design a G+4 commercial
being developed for analysis of structures at different condition building.
of loads like wind, earthquake etc. the results can be understood ▪ To prepare the master plan for the commercial
and interpreted from the software to know the validity of values building
provided as output. ▪ To compare the result with ETABS
Now a days framed structures are preferred for commercial
buildings. The framed system of construction has mainly two
advantages. Firstly, the walls, which are used for, are not load
bearing ones and hence the thickness of the walls can be
reduced to a considerable extent. This reduces weight of the
building and the load transferred to the foundation will be
lessened. Subsequently the construction materials can be saved.
Secondly the floor area of the building can be increased

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3. PLAN OF COMMERTIAL BUILDING

4. METHODOLOGY

PRE-PLANNING DISCUSSION

PREPARATION OF SKELETAL PLAN

STUDY OF PLAN

LOCATING COLUMNS

DIMENSIONING OF COLUMN, BEAM, SLAB

Fig :3.1 Ground Floor Plan

LOAD CALCULATION OF DL, LL, WL

ETABS 3D MODELLING

ST ANALYSIS FOR LOAD COMBINATION

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BEAM, COLUMN, SLAB, STAIR AND FOUNDATION

STRUCTURAL DRAWING

Fig 3.2. 1-4 Floor Plan

5. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE’S USED IN
TRAINING

5.1 ETABS 2017:

ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-
story building analysis and design. Modeling tools and details,
and cross-sections may be generated for concrete and steel
structures. ETABS provides an unequaled suite of tools for
structural engineers designing buildings, whether they are
working on one-story industrial structures or the tallest
commercial high-rises. Immensely capable, yet easy-to-use, has
been the hallmark of ETABS since its introduction decades ago,
and this latest release continues that tradition by providing
engineers with the technologically-advanced, yet intuitive,
software they require to be their most productive
Fig 3.4 Stair Room Plan
5.2 AUTO-CAD 2016:
All the drawing and detailing works for this training were done
by making use of AutoCAD 2007, developed by M/s.
AUTODESK, USA. As such, this is the pioneering software in
CAD. AutoCAD is a vector graphics drawing program. It uses
primitive entities such as lines, poly-lines, circles, arcs and text
as the foundation for more complex objects. AutoCAD’s native
file format, DWG, and to a lesser extent, its interchange file
format, DXF has become the standards for interchange of CAD
data..

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6. MODELING IN ETABS Groups

Table 7.4 - Group Definitions

7.1 Properties
This chapter provides property information for material frame
sections ,shell sections and links.

Materials
Table 1-Material Properties- Summary

Fig 6.1 Importing of Floor Plan from Auto-cad:

Frame Sections
Table 2 - Frame Sections - Summary

Shell Sections
Table 3 - Shell Sections - Summary
Column locating

7.STRUCTURE DATA
This chapter provides model geometry information, including
items such as story levels, point coordinates, and element
connectivity Reinforcement Sizes
Table 4 - Reinforcing Bar Sizes
Story Data
Table 7.1 - Story Data

Tendon Sections
Table 5 - Tendon Section Properties

Grid Data 7.2 Framing Of Model

Table 7.2 - Grid Systems

Mass
Table 7.3- Mass Source

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8. ANALYSIS IN ETABS

This chapter provides loading information as applied to

the model.
Load Patterns
Table 4.1 - Load Patterns

Load Cases
Table 6 - Load Cases - Summary

8.1 Auto Wind Loading

Indian IS875:1987 Wind Load Calculation

Lateral wind loads for load pattern WL X according to Indian

IS875:1987, as calculated by ETABS

Exposure Parameters
Exposure From = Diaphragms Lateral wind loads for load pattern WL Y according to Indian
IS875:1987, as calculated by ETABS
Structure Class = Class B
Terrain Category = Category 2 Exposure Parameters
Wind Direction = 0 degrees Exposure From = Diaphragms
Basic Wind Speed, Vb Vb = 39 meter/sec Structure Class = Class B
Windward Coefficient, Cp,wind Cp,wind =0.8 Terrain Category = Category 1
Leeward Coefficient, Cp,lee Cp,lee =0.5 Wind Direction = 90 degrees
Top Story = Story6 Basic Wind Speed, Vb Vb = 39 meter/sec
Bottom Story = Base Windward Coefficient, Cp,wind Cp,wind =0.8
Factors and Coefficients Leeward Coefficient, Cp,lee Cp,lee =0.5
Risk Coefficient, k1 [IS 5.3.1] k1 = 1 Top Story = Story6
Topography Factor, k3 [IS 5.3.3] k3 = 1 Bottom Story = Base
Lateral Loading Include Parapet = No
Design Wind Speed, Vz [IS 5.3] Factors and Coefficients
Vz = V b k 1 k 2 k 3 Vz = 40.837095 Risk Coefficient, k 1 [IS 5.3.1] k1 = 1
Design Wind Pressure, p z [IS 5.4] Topography Factor, k3 [IS 5.3.3] k3 = 1
pz = 0.6 V 2 z Lateral Loading
Applied Story Forces Design Wind Speed, Vz [IS 5.3]
Vz = V b k 1 k 2 k 3 Vz = 42.787095
Design Wind Pressure, p z [IS 5.4]
pz = 0.6 V 2 z

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Applied Story Forces Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

8.2 Auto Seismic Loading

lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQ Y according to IS
IS 1893:2016 Seismic Load Calculation 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQ X according to IS
1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Y
Direction and Eccentricity Structural Period
Direction = X Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Structural Period Factors and Coefficients
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36
Factors and Coefficients Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36 Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5 Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1 Seismic Response
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS 6.4.2]
Seismic Response Sa g = 1.36 T Sa g = 2.10472
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS 6.4.2] Equivalent Lateral Forces
Sa g = 1.36 T Sa g = 2.396565 Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]
Equivalent Lateral Forces Ah = Z I Sa g 2 R
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] Ah = Z I Sa g 2 R

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Calculated Base Shear Table 4.10 - Load Combinations

Applied Story Forces

9. LOAD COMBINATIONS
Design of the structures would have become highly expensive
in order to maintain either serviceability and safety if all types
of forces would have acted on all structures at all times.
Accordingly the concept of characteristics loads has been
accepted to ensure at least 95 percent of the cases, the
characteristic loads are to be calculated on the basis of
average/mean load of some logical combinations of all loads
mentioned above. IS 456:2000, IS 875:1987 (Part-V) and IS
1893(part-I):2002 stipulates the combination of the loads to be
considered in the design of the structures. The different
combinations used are:

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10 ANALYSIS RESULTS
The structure was analysed as ordinary moment resisting space
frames in the versatile software Etabs 2015. Joint coordinate
command allows specifying and generating the coordinates of
the joints of the structure, initiating the specifications of the
structure. Member incidence command is used to specify the
members by defining connectivity between joints. The columns
and beams are modelled using beam elements. Member
properties have to be specified for each member. From the
analysis, maximum design loads, moments and shear on each
member was obtained. From these values, we design the
structure

10.1 Axial Force.

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10.2 Elevation view of axial force diagram 10.5 plan view of torsion diagram

10.6 Shear force diagram

10.3 Torsion diagram

10.4 Elevation view of torsion diagram 10.7 Elevation view of shear force diagram

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10.8 Plan view of shear force diagram

10.11 Plan view of bending moment diagram

10.9 Bending moment diagram

11 DESIGN OF RC BUILDING
General The aim of structural design is to achieve an acceptable
probability that the structure being designed will perform the
function for which it is created and will safely withstand the
influence that will act on it throughout its useful life. These
influences are primarily the loads and the other forces to which
it will be subjected. The effects of temperature fluctuations,
foundation settlements etc. should be also considered. The
design methods used for the design of reinforced concrete
structures are working stress method, ultimate load method and
limit state method. Here we have adopted the limit state method
of design for slabs, beams, columns and stairs. In the limit state
method, the structure is designed to withstand safely all loads
liable to act on it through its life and also to satisfy the
serviceability requirements, such as limitation to deflection and
cracking. The acceptable limit of safety and serviceability
requirements before failure is called limit state. All the relevant
10.10 Elevation view of bending moment diagram
limit states should be considered in the design to ensure
adequate degrees of safety and serviceability. The structure
should be designed on the basis of most critical state and then
checked for other limit states.

Plan view of 1st floor

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Plan view of 2nd floor Plan view of 6th floor

Plan view of 3rd floor

Rendered view

Plan view of 4th floor

RESULT AND CONCLUSION:
Analysis and design of an apartment building having G+10
storeys is done. Analysis is done by using the software ETABS
V15.2, which proved to be premium of great potential in
analysis and design of various sections. The structural elements
like RCC frame, shear wall and retaining walls are also
provided. As per the soil investigation report, an isolated
footing is provided. The design of RCC frame members like
beam and column was done using ETABS. The analysis and
design was done according to standard specifications to the
possible extend. The various difficulties encountered in the
design process and the various constraints faced by the
structural engineer in designing up to the architectural drawing
were also understood.
Plan view of 5th floor
FUTURE SCOPE:
▪ Dynamic analysis can also be done using ETABS.
▪ Slab and footing can be designed using SAFE.
▪ In ETABS 2017 different types of slabs can be
designed.
▪ The sections designed in ETABS can also be designed
by conventional methods or STAAD-PRO and result
can be compared.
▪ The irregular structures subjected to different load
cases can also be analyzed and designed in ETABS.

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[1] Design of R.C.C. Structures by N. Krishna Raju.

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