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Computer Programming
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Hi! I am Ma’am Jhaz
Your IT Instructor
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Lecture 1
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Concept of Computer Programming

• A PROGRAM is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.

• COMPUTER PROGRAMMING (often shortened to programming or

coding), is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting and
maintaining act of instructions (source code) for solving a problem with
the computer.

• A SOURCE CODE is written in an acceptable computer programming

language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or
something completely new.
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Concept of Computer Programming

• COMPUTER PROGRAMMER the one who create or develop a program.

• COMPUTER LANGUAGE method of communication with a computer.

• PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE is a set of commands, instructions, and

other syntax use to create a software program.
 Concept of Computer Programming
To achieve this aim, you may proceed as follows.

1. First, understand the problem clearly: - Decide what you want to

be calculated by the computer. What will be the input data
required? (if any). This is the problem formulation.
2. Write the steps of computation that are necessary to arrive at the
solution. This is setting up the algorithm.
3. Prepare a flowchart corresponding to the algorithm.
4. Develop the computer program. Test and run it on the computer.
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Features of a Good Computer Program

1.Reliability
2.Meeting User’s Needs
3.Development on time within Budgets
4.Error-Free Set of Instruction
5.Error-Resistant Operations:
6.Maintainable Code:
7.Portable Code:
8.Readability:
9.Storage Saving:
10.Efficiency:
11.Robustness:
12.Usability:
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Introduction to Programming Language

A computer is a device that can accept human instruction, processes it and responds
to it or a computer is a computational device which is used to process the data under
the control of a computer program. Program is a sequence of instruction along with
data.
The basic components of a computer are:
• Input unit
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Output unit
The CPU is further divided into three parts-
• Memory unit
• Control unit
• Arithmetic Logic unit
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Introduction to Programming Language

The piece of code given below performs a basic task of printing “hello world! I am learning
programming” on the console screen. We must know that keyboard, scanner, mouse,
microphone, etc are various examples of input devices and monitor (console screen), printer,
speaker, etc are the examples of output devices.
main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“hello world! I am learning to program);
getch();
}
At this stage, you might not be able to understand in-depth how this code prints something on
the screen. The main() is a standard function that you will always include in any program that
you are going to create from now onwards. Note that the execution of the program starts from
the main() function. The clrscr() function is used to see only the current output on the screen
while the printf () function helps us to print the desired output on the screen. Also, getch() is a
function that accepts any character input from the keyboard. In simple words, we need to
press any key to continue(some people may say that getch() helps in holding the screen to
see the output).
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Hierarchy of Computer language

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programming languages
C Python C++
C# R Ruby
COBOL ADA Java
Fortran BASIC Altair BASIC
True BASIC Visual BASIC GW BASIC
QBASIC PureBASIC PASCAL
Turbo Pascal GO ALGOL
LISP SCALA Swift
Rust Prolog Reia
Racket Scheme Shimula
Perl PHP Java Script
CoffeeScript VisualFoxPro Babel
Logo Lua Smalltalk
Matlab F F#
Dart Datalog dbase
Haskell dylan Julia
ksh metro Mumps
Nim OCaml pick
TCL D CPL
Curry ActionScript Erlang
Clojure DarkBASCIC Assembly
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Most Popular Programming Languages

C general-purpose, procedural computer language
Python often used to build websites and software, automate
tasks, and conduct data analysis.
C++ an object-oriented programming language which gives a
clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused,
lowering development costs. C++ is portable and can be
used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.
Java it is primarily used for Internet-based applications, Java is
a simple, efficient, general-purpose language. Java was
originally designed for embedded network applications
running on multiple platforms.
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Most Popular Programming Languages

SCALA is a programming language used for functional
programming and strong static systems. It is object-
oriented and it runs on JVM.
C# is widely used for developing desktop applications, web
applications and web services.
JavaScript commonly used for creating web pages. It allows us to
add dynamic behavior to the webpage and add special
effects to the webpage.
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Characteristics of a programming Language

• A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have
good readability and human recognizable.
• Abstraction is a must-have Characteristics for a programming language in
which ability to define the complex structure and then its degree of usability comes.
• A portable programming language is always preferred.
• Programming language’s efficiency must be high so that it can be easily
converted into a machine code and executed consumes little space in memory.
• A programming language should be well structured and documented so
that it is suitable for application development.
• Necessary tools for development, debugging, testing, maintenance of a
program must be provided by a programming language.
• A programming language should provide single environment known as
Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
• A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and
semantics.
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System Development Cycle Implementation

Programming

Design

Feasibility
Study
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Prepared by:
Mrs. Jasmin Garces Geronaga

Thank you… 😉