2019/11/15 Fluid Recommendations (SEBU6993-05)

SMCS - 1280, 1348, 1395, 7560 i07940519

Diesel Engine Oil

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations".

Cat Diesel Engine Oil (Cat DEO)

Cat oils have been developed and tested to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Cat engines. Cat oils
are currently used to fill Cat Diesel Engines at the factory. These oils are offered by Cat dealers for continued use when the engine oil is changed.
Consult your Cat dealer for more information on these oils.

Due to significant variations in the quality and in the performance of commercially available oils, Caterpillar makes the following recommendations:

Cat Lubricants  Viscosity Grade 

SAE 15W-40 
Cat DEO-ULS 
SAE 10W-30
Diesel Engine Oil-Ultra Low Sulfur 
Cat DEO-ULS SYN SAE 5W-40 
Cat Cold-Weather DEO-ULS SAE 0W-40 
SAE 15W-40 
Cat DEO 
Diesel Engine Oil  SAE 10W-30
Cat DEO SYN SAE 5W-40 

Table 1

Note: Cat DEO and Cat DEO-ULS multigrade oils are the preferred oils for use in this Cat Diesel Engine.

Commercial Oil
Note: Commercial oils that are not Cat oils are second choice oils for your engine.

NOTICE
Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of fluids
that are not Cat fluids.

The three current Cat ECF specifications are: Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2, and Cat ECF-3. Each higher Cat ECF specification provides increased
performance over lower Cat ECF specifications.

A commercial oil must meet the following standards to be considered an equivalent of a Cat Diesel Engine Oil:

Cat Engine Crankcase Fluids (ECF) Definitions 

Cat Performance
Cat ECF Specifications Requirements 
Requirement 
Cat ECF-3  API CJ-4 Oil Category performance requirements 
API CI-4 / CI-4 PLUS Oil Category performance requirements 
Cat ECF-2  Passing standard Cat C13 engine test per API requirements
Oils of sulfated ash > 1.50 percent are not allowed
API CH-4 Oil Category performance requirements 
For oils that are between 1.30 percent and 1.50 percent sulfated ash, passing one extra Cat 1P SCOTE test ("ASTM
Cat ECF-1-a 
D6681") is required
Oils of sulfated ash > 1.50 percent are not allowed

Table 2

In selecting oil for any engine application, both of the following must be satisfied: the oil viscosity and the category of oil performance or the
specification for oil performance . Using only one of these parameters will not sufficiently define oil for an engine application.

The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined by the following temperatures: minimum ambient temperature during cold engine start-up and
maximum ambient temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 3 (minimum temperature) to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold engine.

Refer to Table 3 (maximum temperature) to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.

Note: Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is available to meet the requirement for the temperature at start-up.

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures

for Cat Diesel Engines 

°C  °F 
Oil Type and Performance Requirements  Viscosity Grade 
Min Max  Min  Max 
Cat ECF-1-a

Cat ECF-2
SAE 0W-30  −40  30  −40  86 
Cat ECF-3 
Cat Cold-Weather DEO-ULS

Cat ECF-1-a

SAE 0W-40  −40  40  −40  104 

Cat ECF-2

Cat ECF-3 
Cat DEO-ULS

Cat ECF-1-a

SAE 5W-30  −30  30  −22  86 

Cat ECF-2

Cat ECF-3 
Cat DEO-ULS SYN

Cat DEO

Cat ECF-1-a
SAE 5W-40  −30  50  −22  122 
Cat ECF-2

Cat ECF-3 
Cat ECF-1-a

Cat ECF-2
SAE 10W-30  −18  40  0  104 
Cat ECF-3 

Cat DEO-ULS
SAE 10W-40  −18  50  0  122 
Cat DEO  SAE 15W-40 −9.5  50  15  122 

Table 3

Note: A cold soaked start occurs when the engine has not been operated recently, allowing the oil to become more viscous due to cooler ambient
temperatures. Supplemental heat is recommended for cold soaked starts below the minimum ambient temperature. Supplemental heat may be
necessary for cold soaked starts that are above the minimum temperature depending on factors such as parasitic load.

Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels

The use of Cat S·O·S Services oil analysis is recommended strongly for determining oil life.

The minimum required Total Base Number (TBN) for oil depends on the fuel sulfur level. The TBN for new oil is typically determined by the "ASTM
D2896" procedure. For direct injection engines that use distillate fuel, the following guidelines apply:

TBN recommendations for applications in Cat engines(1) 

Fuel Sulfur Level percent (ppm)  Cat Engine Oils  TBN of Commercial Engine Oils 
Cat DEO-ULS

≤0.05 percent (≤500 ppm)  Min 7 

Cat DEO 

Cat DEO-ULS

0. 1- 0.05 percent (1000-500 ppm)  Min 7 

Cat DEO 

Above 0.1 percent (above 1000 ppm)(2)  Cat DEO(3)  Min 10 

Table 4
(1)
(2) When using fuel with 0.10% sulfur (1000 ppm) or higher, refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Severe Service Application" for more information.
(3) For fuels of sulfur levels that exceed 1.0 percent (10,000 ppm), refer to TBN and engine oil guidelines given in this section.
Cat DEO-ULS may be used if an oil analysis program is followed. Base the oil change interval on the analysis.

S·O·S Services Oil Analysis

Caterpillar has developed a maintenance tool that evaluates oil degradation. the maintenance management also detects the early signs of wear on
internal components. The Cat tool for oil analysis is called S·O·S oil analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S Services program. S·O·S oil analysis
divides oil analysis into four categories:

Component wear rate

Oil condition
 Oil contamination

Identification of oil

These four types of analysis are used to monitor the condition of your equipment. The four types of analysis will also help you identify potential
problems. A properly administered S·O·S oil analysis program may result in reduced repair costs and the program will lessen the impact of
downtime.

The S·O·S Oil Analysis program uses a wide range of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the crankcase. Guidelines that are based on
experience and a correlation to failures have been established for these tests. Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could indicate serious
fluid degradation or a pending component failure. A trained person at your Cat dealership should make the final analysis.

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and use a
separate designated pump for coolant sampling. Using the
same pump for both types of samples may contaminate the
samples that are being drawn. This contaminate may cause a
false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to
concerns by both dealers and customers.

Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations" to obtain additional information about S·O·S
Services oil analysis. You can also contact your local Cat dealer.

Fuel
Note: Caterpillar strongly recommends the filtration of fuel through a fuel filter with a rating of four microns(c) absolute or less. This filtration should
be on the device that dispenses the fuel to the fuel tank for the engine. This filtration should also be on the device that dispenses fuel from the bulk
storage tank. Series filtration is recommended.

NOTICE
In order to meet expected fuel system component life, 4
micron(c) absolute or less secondary fuel filtration is required
for all Cat Diesel Engines that are equipped with unit injected
fuel systems. All current Cat Diesel Engines are factory
equipped with Cat Advanced Efficiency 4 micron(c) absolute
fuel filters.

Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-

Cat fluids and filters.

Diesel engines can burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups. The two groups are called the preferred fuels and
the permissible fuels.

Note: The permissible fuels are some crude oils, some blends of crude oil with distillate fuel, some biodiesel, and some marine diesel fuel. These
fuels are not suitable for use in all engine applications. The acceptability of these fuels for use is determined on an individual basis. A complete fuel
analysis is required.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations" or consult your Cat dealer for
further information.

Diesel Distillate Fuel

Diesel engines may burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups. The two groups are called the preferred fuels and
the permissible fuels.

The preferred fuels provide maximum engine service life and performance. The preferred fuels are distillate fuels. These fuels are commonly
called diesel fuel, furnace oil, gas oil, or kerosene. These fuels must meet the “Cat Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel
Engines” found in this Special Publication, "Distillate Diesel Fuel" article.

Note: The permissible fuels are some crude oils, some blends of crude oil with distillate fuel, some biodiesel, and some marine diesel fuel. These
fuels are not suitable for use in all engine applications. The acceptability of these fuels for use is determined on a case by case basis. A
complete fuel analysis is required. Consult your Cat dealer for further information.

NOTICE
 The footnotes are a key part of the “Cat Specification for
Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel Engines” Table.
Read ALL of the footnotes.

Cat Specification for Distillate Fuel for Nonroad Diesel Engines 

Specifications  Requirements  ASTM Test  ISO Test 

Aromatics  35% maximum  "D1319"  "ISO 3837" 
Ash  0.01% maximum (weight)  "D482"  "ISO 6245" 
Carbon Residue on 10%
0.35% maximum (weight)  "D524"  "ISO 4262" 
Bottoms 
40 minimum (DI engines)  "D613"

Cetane Number (1)

  or

"ISO 5165" 
35 minimum (PC engines)

"D6890" 
The cloud point must not exceed the lowest expected ambient
Cloud Point  "D2500"  "ISO 3015" 
temperature. 
Copper Strip Corrosion  No. 3 maximum  "D130"  "ISO 2160" 
10% at 282 °C (540 °F)

maximum 

Distillation  "D86"  "ISO 3405" 

90% at 360 °C (680 °F)

maximum

Flash Point  legal limit  "D93"  "ISO 2719" 

No equivalent
Thermal Stability  Minimum of 80% reflectance after aging for 180 minutes at 150 °C (302 °F)  "D6468" 
test 
30 minimum  No equivalent
API Gravity (2)  "D287" 
45 maximum test 

Pour Point  6 °C (10 °F) minimum below ambient temperature  "D97"  "ISO 3016" 
"D5453"
ISO 20846

Sulfur   
(3)(4)(5)
or

or

"D2622" 

ISO 20884 
1.4 cSt minimum and 20.0 cSt maximum as delivered to the fuel injection
pumps 
Kinematic Viscosity  -  - 
1.4 cSt minimum and 4.5 cSt maximum as delivered to the rotary fuel
injection pumps
"D1796" or
Water and Sediment  0.05% maximum  "ISO 3734" 
"D2709" 
No equivalent
Water  0.05% maximum  "D6304" 
test 
Sediment  0.05% maximum (weight)  "D473"  "ISO 3735" 
Gums and Resins (6)  10 mg per 100 mL maximum  "D381"  "ISO 6246" 
No equivalent
Lubricity  0.52 mm (0.0205 inch) maximum at 60 °C (140 °F)  "D6079" 
test 

Table 5
(1)
Alternatively, to ensure a minimum cetane number of 35 (PC engines), and 40 (DI engines), distillate diesel fuel should have a minimum cetane index of 37.5 (PC engines), and
(2) 44.2 (DI engines) when the "ASTM D4737-96a" test method is used. A fuel with a higher cetane number may be required for operation at a higher altitude or in cold weather.
Via standards tables, the equivalent kg/m3 (kilograms per cubic meter) using the "ASTM D287" test method temperature of 15.56° C (60° F) for the minimum API gravity of 30 is
3 3
(3) 875.7 kg/m , and for the maximum API gravity of 45 is 801.3 kg/m .
(4) ULSD 0.0015% (<15 ppm S) is required by law for Tier 4 engines and engines with aftertreatment devices.
Certain Cat fuel systems and engine components can operate on fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 3%. Contact your Cat dealer for guidance about appropriate maintenance
(5) intervals and fluids for engines operating on fuel with sulfur levels between 0.1% and 3%.
An engine which operates on fuel with 0.1% (1000 ppm) of sulfur or more is operating in a severe service application. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Severe
(6) Service Application" for information about operating an engine in a severe service application.
Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor).

Biodiesel
A biodiesel blend of up to 20 percent may be used in the engine when the fuel blend meets the recommendations in table 6 and meets the
recommendations in Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Biodiesel".

Note: A complete Cat S·O·S Services oil analysis program is recommended when using biodiesel blends above 5 percent.

Biodiesel Blends for Cat Commercial Engines 

Biodiesel blend stock  Final blend  Distillate diesel fuel used for blend 
Cat biodiesel specification, "ASTM D6751"or B20: "ASTM D7467" and "API" gravity Cat distillate diesel fuel specification, "ASTM D975"or
"EN14214"  30-45  "EN590" 
Table 6

Fuel Additives
Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner
Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is a proprietary formulation that has been extensively tested for use with distillate diesel fuels for use in Cat Diesel
Engines. Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is a high-performance diesel fuel conditioner for use with lower quality fuels that do not meet the minimum
requirements of any of the following:

“Cat Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel”

National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) Premium Diesel definition (refer to 2004or newer National Institute of Standards &
Technology (NIST) Handbook).

EN590 (non-arctic)

ASTM D975

Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is the only fuel conditioner/additive available to the end user that is tested and approved by Caterpillar for use in Cat
Diesel Engines.

Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for information about the use of Cat Diesel
Fuel Conditioner.

Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner

Note: Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is the only fuel system cleaner available to the end user that is tested and approved by Caterpillar for use in
Cat Diesel Engines.

Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is a proven high-performance detergent product designed specifically for cleaning deposits that form in the fuel
system. Deposits in the fuel system reduce system performance and can increase fuel consumption. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner addresses
the deposits formed due to the use of degraded diesel fuel, poor quality diesel fuel, and diesel fuel containing high quantities of high molecular
weight compounds. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner addresses deposits formed due to the use of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and biodiesel that
does not meet the appropriate quality specifications. Continued use of Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is proven to inhibit the growth of new
deposits.

Caterpillar strongly recommends that Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner be used with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Cat Diesel Fuel System
Cleaner is suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends that meet Cat biodiesel recommendations and requirements. Not all fuel cleaners are
suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends. Read and follow all applicable label usage instructions. Also, refer to Special Publication,
SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations", "Distillate Diesel Fuel", article and also refer to the “Biodiesel” article,
which includes Caterpillar biodiesel recommendations and requirements.

Aftermarket Fuel Additives

There are many different types of fuel additives that are available to use. Caterpillar does not generally recommend the use of fuel additives.

In special circumstances, Caterpillar recognizes the need for fuel additives. Use fuel additives with caution. The additive may not be compatible
with the fuel. Some additives may precipitate. This action causes deposits in the fuel system. The deposits may cause seizure. Some additives
may plug fuel filters. Some additives may be corrosive, and some additives may be harmful to the elastomers in the fuel system. Some additives
may damage emission control systems. Some additives may raise fuel sulfur levels above the maximum levels that are allowed by the following
agencies: EPA and other regulatory agencies. Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel
supplier can make recommendations for additives to use and for the proper level of treatment.

Note: For best results, your fuel supplier should treat the fuel when additives are needed.

Cooling System
Note: Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for complete information about the
proper fluids for use in the cooling system.

Note: The interval for changing the coolant varies depending on the type of coolant being replaced. Refer to this article "Coolant
Recommendations", for the intervals for changing the coolant.
 The cooling system operates under pressure which is controlled
by the radiator pressure cap. Removing the cap while the
system is hot may allow the escape of hot coolant and steam,
causing serious burns.

Before you remove the radiator cap, allow the system to cool.
Use a thick cloth and turn the radiator cap slowly to the first
stop to allow pressure to escape before fully removing the cap.

Avoid contact with coolant.

NOTICE
Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine damage
could result. Allow the engine to cool first.

NOTICE
If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area with below
freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be either
protected to the lowest outside temperature or drained
completely in order to prevent damage caused by freezing
coolant.

NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators
in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to
maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating
temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without
water temperature regulators. Removing the regulators allows
some coolant to bypass the radiator, potentially causing
overheating.

Coolant Recommendations
Note: A Cat Diesel Engine equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (ATAAC) requires a minimum of 30 percent glycol to help prevent water pump
cavitation.

Coolant Recommendations for Cat Diesel Engines 

Service
Recommendations  Product  Required Maintenance 
Hours(1)(2)(3) 
12000 Add Cat ELC Extender at 6000
Preferred  Cat ELC and Cat ELI  hours or 6 service hours or one half of
years  service life 
Cat EC-1 specification and "ASTM D6210" and

Organic Additive Technology (OAT) based on a combination

of a monocarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid

6000 hours Add Extender at 3000 service
Min requirements  Phosphate, borate, and silicate free

or 6 years  hours or one half of service life 

Tolyltriazole: minimum typical concentration of
900 ppm

Nitrite: minimum typical concentration of 500 ppm in new

coolants 
3000 hours
Cat DEAC  SCA at maintenance intervals 
or 3 years 
Acceptable 
3000 hours
Cat SCA in water SCA at maintenance intervals 
or 2 years 
"ASTM D6210" and

of 1200 ppm (70
Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum
Min requirements for fully
grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US 3000 hours
formulated Heavy-Duty SCA at maintenance intervals 
gal)
or 2 years 
Commercial coolants 
Silicon concentration: minimum
of 100 ppm and maximum
of 275 ppm 
 "ASTM D4985" and(1)

Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum

of 1200 ppm (70
Min requirements for Commercial grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US 3000 hours SCA at initial fill and SCA at
coolants requiring SCA precharge  gal)
or 1 year  maintenance intervals 
Silicon concentration: minimum
of 100 ppm and maximum
of 275 ppm 
Min requirements for SCA and 3000 hours Per manufacturer
Commercial supplemental coolant additive and water 
water  or 1 year  recommendations 

Table 7
(1)
New Coolants at 50 volume percent diluted. Coolants that are prediluted at the coolant manufacturer must be diluted with water that meets Reagent 4 "ASTM D1193"
(2) requirements.
(3) Maintain the in-service coolant at the given limits.
When referring to the service hours, use the interval that occurs first. These coolant change intervals are only achievable with annual S·O·S Services Level 2 coolant sampling
analysis.

Special Requirements 
Cat C7-C32 Marine Engines with heat Minimum of 30% glycol is required. 50% Glycol is recommended. Water alone or water with SCA or
exchangers  with ELI is NOT allowed. 

Table 8

Phosphate Dosing Applicability(1) 

Aluminum Copper
  Comments  Comments 
Radiator  Radiator 
Cat ELC  YES  NO  Extended Life Coolants   
Conventional Coolants (Diesel Engine Antifreeze Coolant),
Cat DEAC/NGEC  NO  NO  Silicate Based 
(Natural Gas Engine Coolant) 
Non- Cat Long Life Coolant - with
YES  NO     
Nitrites 
Non-Cat Long Life Coolant - with
NO  NO    Silicate Based 
Nitrites and Silicates 
Non-Cat Long Life Coolant - without
NO  NO     
Nitrites 
Non-Cat Long Life Coolant - without
NO  NO     
Nitrites 
Non-Cat Conventional Coolants  NO  NO    Silicate Based 
Treated Water Systems - using
NO  NO  Supplemental Coolant Additive  Silicate Based 
SCA 
Treated Water Systems - using Cat Additives
YES  NO  Extended Life Inhibitors PELF1212 
ELI  similar to ELC 

Table 9
(1)
Required to maintain nitrites and coolant color.

NOTICE
Use Only Approved SCAs and Extenders

Conventional coolants require the maintenance addition of SCA

throughout the expected life of the coolants. Do NOT use an
SCA with a coolant unless approved specifically by the coolant
supplier. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for ensuring
compatibility and acceptable performance.

To help ensure expected performance, EC-1 coolants require the

one time maintenance addition of an extender at coolant service
mid-life. Do not use an extender with a coolant unless the
extender has been approved specifically for use by the coolant
manufacturer. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for
ensuring compatibility and acceptable performance.

Failure to follow these recommendations can result in

shortened cooling system component life.

Cat ELC can be recycled into conventional coolants.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations".

Cat Coolant Conditioner

Aluminum radiators require Cat Coolant Conditioner for Aluminum Components (CCAC) to be added to the coolant to passivate the radiator. CCAC
passivation creates an oxidation coating on the aluminum that prevents nitrites in the coolant from reacting with the aluminum in the radiator. For
more information, refer to Special Instructions , REHS7296 , "Instructions for Use of Cat Coolant Conditioner for Aluminum Components".

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis

Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that the engine is protected from internal cavitation and corrosion. The analysis also tests the
ability of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and freezing. S·O·S coolant analysis can be done at your Cat dealer. Cat S·O·S coolant
analysis is the best way to monitor the condition of your coolant and your cooling system. S·O·S coolant analysis is a program that is based on
periodic samples.

Recommended Interval 
Type of Coolant  Level 1  Level 2 
Cat DEAC

Cat SCA

Every 250 hours  Yearly(1) 

Coolants 
Conventional Heavy-Duty
Cat ELC

Cat ELI

Optional(1)  Yearly(1) 
Commercial EC-1
Coolants 

Table 10
(1)
The Level 2 Coolant Analysis should be performed sooner if a problem is suspected or identified.

Note: Check the SCA (Supplemental Coolant Additive) of the conventional coolant at every oil change or at every 250 hours. Perform this check at
the interval that occurs first.

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 1)

A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the properties of the coolant.

The following properties of the coolant are tested:

Glycol concentration for freeze protection and boil protection

Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion

pH

Conductivity

Visual analysis

Odor analysis

The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.

S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 2)

A coolant analysis (Level 2) is a comprehensive chemical evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is also a check of the overall condition of the
cooling system.

The S·O·S coolant analysis (Level 2) has the following features:

Full coolant analysis (Level 1)

Identification of metal corrosion and of contaminants

Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion

Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling

Determination of the possibility of electrolysis within the cooling system of the engine

The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.

For more information on S·O·S coolant analysis, consult your Cat dealer.

Greases
If choosing a single grease is necessary, choose a grease that meets or exceeds the requirements of the most demanding application. Remember
that the products which meet the minimum performance requirements can be expected to produce the minimum lives of your parts. False economy
is being used if a grease is purchased with the lowest cost as the only consideration. Instead, use the grease that yields the lowest total operating
cost. The cost should be based on an analysis that includes the costs of parts, labor, downtime, and the cost of the amount of grease that is
required.

For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251 , "Cat Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations".

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