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PARTIAL FRACTIONS (Handouts)

1) Partial fractions allow decomposing rational fractions into sums of simpler proper fractions. 2) A proper rational fraction can be resolved into a sum of proper fractions based on the classifications of factors in the denominator. 3) Linear factors in the denominator correspond to single partial fractions, while repeated linear factors correspond to multiple partial fractions. Quadratic factors correspond to partial fractions with both numerator and denominator terms.

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RAHFAEL RADOC
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67 views2 pages

PARTIAL FRACTIONS (Handouts)

1) Partial fractions allow decomposing rational fractions into sums of simpler proper fractions. 2) A proper rational fraction can be resolved into a sum of proper fractions based on the classifications of factors in the denominator. 3) Linear factors in the denominator correspond to single partial fractions, while repeated linear factors correspond to multiple partial fractions. Quadratic factors correspond to partial fractions with both numerator and denominator terms.

Uploaded by

RAHFAEL RADOC
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTIAL FRACTIONS

- If the degree of the polynomial in the numerator is not less than that in the denominator,
the fraction is called an improper fraction and such fraction may always be simplified by
division to a mixed fraction consisting of a polynomial and a proper fraction. If the
fractions are irreducible, that is, the numerator and denominator have no common factor
and is already in proper form, they can be expressed in terms of partial fractions. The
process of determining these partial fractions is based on the following theorem.

Theorem: Any proper rational fraction may be resolved into a sum of proper fractions subject
to the classifications listed below:

1. If a linear factor ax+b occurs once as a factor of the denominator, there corresponds to
A
this factor one partial fraction , where A is a constant and A≠0.
ax+ b

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:

x−1 x−1 A B
= = +
3 x −14 x+15 ( 3 x−5 ) ( x−3 )
2
3 x −5 x−3

2. If a linear factor ax+b occurs n times as a factor of the denominator, there corresponds
to this factor n partial fractions
A1 A2 An
+ +…+ ,
ax+ b ( ax+ b ) 2
( ax +b )n
where A1 , A2 , …, An are constants and An≠0.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:

24 x 2+12 x+ 3 A B C
2
= + +
x ( 3 x+1 ) x 3 x+1 ( 3 x +1 )2

3. If a quadratic factor ax2 +bx +c occurs once as a factor of the denominator, there
Ax+ B
corresponds to this factor one partial fraction , where A and B are constants
a x 2+bx +c
and A & B are both ≠0 at the same time.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:

2
11 x +3 x−10 A Bx +C
= + 2
( 3 x−1 ) ( x −2 x−1 ) 3 x −1 x −2 x−1
2

Advanced Algebra - PARTIAL FRCTIONS


Prof. Ma. Cristina Del Rosario – Padua
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
4. If a quadratic factor ax2 +bx +c occurs n times as a factor of the denominator, there
corresponds to this factor n partial fractions
A 1 x +B 1 A 2 x + B2 An x+ B n
2
+ 2
+…+ n , where the A’s and B’s are constants and at
a x +bx +c ( a x2 +bx +c ) ( a x 2+ bx+ c )
least An or Bn ≠0 .

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:

4 3 2
2 x −3 x +5 x −8 x +6 A Bx +C Dx+ E
2
= + 2 +
( x−1 ) ( 2 x −x+1 )
2 x−1 2 x −x+1 ( 2 x 2−x +1 )2

Advanced Algebra - PARTIAL FRCTIONS


Prof. Ma. Cristina Del Rosario – Padua
Department of Mathematics and Statistics

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