Name:_______________________________________________ Date:____________ Period:________

c
(use presentations and all unit 3 chapters in the AMSCO)

Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire

Location: Eurasia Location: Persia Location: South Asia, covering India
Dates:1300-1450 Dates: late 1400-early1500 Dates: 1526-1827

Political / Military Over the years, the Ottoman Empire The Safavid functioned like a Autocratic government, unified
● HOW did rulers legitimize and theocracy.
consolidate power?
evolved into a dictatorship, with the federal state, centralized Islamic
● Include any special military Emperor with strong authority over its sharia dictatorship.
units and use of bureaucratic
provinces, government, officials, and Religious and political authority was
elites. inextricably linked and contained in the
citizens. This monarchy had a strong Babur Muslims who ruled over
person of the Shah.
and disciplined military, their army was India used new weapons to enforce
feared and elite. Made by Ismail and forced by Shia their military control.
Islam
Devshirme Janissaries- outstanding
soldiers- were forced Christian young
boys into military duty.
Best overall under Suleyman, Mehmed
II seized Constantinople in 1453.

Expansion Military Conquest Military Conquest Military Conquest

● What methods did this empire
utilize to expand their empire?

Resistance & Rivalries Constantinople was seized and renamed The Mughal emperor's main
Did they encounter internal Istanbul. They were vanquished by
rebellions? External conflicts?
The two ancient empires ( ottoman vs. adversaries were the Uzbeks and
Safavids. Ottoman collapse was primarily Safavid) fought for dominance over the Ottomans. Babur also had a
a result of Ottoman practice and custom. It broad territory along the Caspian and
originated from Ottoman society's penchant for killing individuals,
along their shared borders in
underlying confidence in its own modern-day Iraq. chopping off their heads, and
superiority over all that foreigners might fashioning pillars out of the
possibly generate, a notion which had shaved heads.
considerably more basis in the 16th
century, when it began, compared to the
eighteenth century.
Religion / Culture To assemble soldiers and unify the empire, The Safavid shahs established the Promoting Muslim tradition, arts, and
(pgs. 167-173) a sunni type of Islam was utilized. Twelver school of Shia Islam as the faith. The Mughals were Muslims who
● HOW was religion used to maintain
and legitimize political authority? empire's official religion, marking one ruled over a Hindu-majority country.
● How was the use of this of the most significant turning
religion/belief a continuity from
previous periods? moments in Muslim history.

Economics The Ottoman Empire had an agricultural Increased trade by upgrading the Agriculture and trade were essential to
(pgs. 155-163) economy with scarce labor, abundant land, Persians' infrastructure. Monarch's the Mughal empire's economy.
Be sure to include methods of tax
collection, if applicable and little capital. The majority of people monopoly on silk, which was The creation of appealing agricultural
earned their living from tiny small farms, massively exported. The advancement products, as well as the taxation of
which contributed directly and indirectly of transportation and trade has raised such items. It was a tax collection
to over 40% of the civilization's taxes via the level of living for all Persians. system in which lords collected taxes
customs income on exportation. Persia, as Iran was known at the time. and were permitted to keep a
percentage of the proceeds. They
shifted away from the Zamindars and
began paying direct taxes to the
government.

Social Structure & In the Ottoman empire, there were four In terms of social standing, the There were three classes: rich,
Gender Roles major types of big social classes. Men of monarch and the royal class were at the middle-class, and poor. The wealthiest
the sword, men of the pen, men of top. The nobility was above them, and and poorest segments of society have
bargaining, and men of procreation are all the affluent merchant class followed. significant inequality.
categories of men. Those with advanced Peasants and artisans were at the very
degrees, including scientists, attorneys, bottom of the socioeconomic pyramid.
and judges, make up the social elite known Kizilbash was the first Safavid ruler,
as "men of the pen." although his power waned once Shah
Abbas took office.

Decline of Empire The Ottoman Turks were beaten at the In the seventeenth century, the Ottoman The Mughal Empire began to crumble
How and why did this empire Battle of Vienna. threat to the Safavids waned. The first in the 18th century, under the reign of
collapse? Be SPECIFIC. This loss exacerbated their already Mu'ammad Shah. The Marathas and
result was that it became less
precarious situation. Over the following successful for the armed forces. eventually the British ruled over a
hundred years, the empire began to lose considerable portion of its territory.
significant territory. After an uprising,
Greece gained independence from the
 Ottoman Empire in 1830. They lasted in
the 1920s

Qing Dynasty Russian Empire Tokugawa Japan

China Location: Location:
Location: Dates: Dates:
Dates:

Political / Military The Russian Empire's governmental The bakuhan system was the name
● HOW did rulers legitimize and consolidate structure was an 'absolute monarchy' given to this political structure. Thus,
power?
● Include any special military units and use of Conquest established and system. Which royal authority possessed bakuhan refers to the Tokugawa
bureaucratic elites. maintained by armed no institutional constraints. administration coexisting with distinct,
power Individually, the independent governments in all of the
founding emperors formed fiefs or estates.
and led the army.

Expansion The Chinese empire grew The phase of growth lasted from the Tokugawa Ieyasu's shogun dynasty
● What methods did this empire utilize to expand significantly under the sixteenth through the eighteenth ruled over Japan's 250 years of peace
their empire?
Qing era. centuries. Russia gained a lot of land, and prosperity, including the creation of
As the population increase built a strong military, and modernized a new merchant class and increased
from around 150 million to its economy. urbanization.
450 million people. Several
of the Non-Chinese
minorities were persecuted
across the empire.

Resistance & Rivalries The Ottoman Empire, which restricted Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan
● Did they encounter internal rebellions? External Russia's access to the Mediterranean Sea, and many Japanese suffered from
conflicts?
Political corruption,
peasant rebellion, and was Russia's primary historical economic deprivation, political
bureaucratic inefficiency adversary. Later tsars supported Slavic corruption, and inflexible class
were the primary internal revolutionaries against the Ottomans in hierarchies.
 reasons of the Qing the Balkans. The Livonian Confederation
Dynasty's demise. was abolished in 1561, and the former
area was ceded to Lithuania. As a result,
Russia and Lithuania went to war.

Religion / Culture Considered rulers of The Russian Orthodox church was the Buddhism was the major religion in
(pgs. 167-173) China's culturally superior country's leading religious organization Tokugawa Japan. Around 500 BCE, this
● HOW was religion used to maintain and legitimize
political authority? era, the Qing emperors for over 1,000 years after Christianity faith emerged in northern India. It is
● How was the use of this religion/belief a continuity made Confucianism the was recognized as the official religion of said to have arrived in Japan via Korea
from previous periods?
official religion of the Russia. around 540 CE.
empire.

Confucianism impacted the

laws and values of
civilians. Confucianism
was established as the state
doctrine.

Economics Russia's economy was primarily Although rice was their principal crop,
(pgs. 155-163)
Agricultural Economy with agricultural, with poor productivity on tokugawa also had a monopoly in crops
Be sure to include methods of tax collection, if such as sesame seed oil, indigo, sugar cane,
applicable Market Expansion During huge estates farmed by Russian serfs,
the Qing period, China's who were confined to the land in a feudal mulberry, tobacco, and cotton.
economy was still mostly a system.
farming economy. At the
conclusion of the Qing era,
the countryside housed
80% of the people.

Social Structure & Gender Roles The Chinese government Upper classes include the royalty, the The Neo-Confucian philosophy that
classified Chinese citizens bourgeoisie (They were similar to dominated Japan during the Tokugawa
into four groups: landlords, capitalist), and the clergy. Businessmen period acknowledged just four social
peasants, artisans, and from the middle class, officials, and groups-warriors, craftsmen, farmers,
merchants.However specialists. Working classes include and merchants-and formally banned
weren’t respected, they manufacturing workers, craftspeople, movement between them.
were treated like second soldiers, and seafarers. Peasants are
class citizens. landless farmers.
Decline of Empire Dethroned by a revolution Corruption in government was With the entry of Americans and
How and why did this empire collapse? Be that has been simmering in widespread, and Global Conflict I Europeans in the 1850s, domestic
SPECIFIC. Hawaii and Hong Kong significantly harmed the Russian tensions intensified. The bakufu is
since 1894, when economy. Moderates joined militant already undermined by a weakening
western-educated Bolshevik revolutionaries in demanding economic basis and an ossified political
revolutionary Sun for the czar's overthrow. structure.
Zhongshan founded the
Revive China Society.