MINIMUM DESIGN
LATERAL LOAD ON
BUILDING
MODULE 3.2
Introduction to the Topic:
1. The design lateral force shall first be computed for the building as a whole. This design
lateral force shall then be distributed to the various floor levels. In the National Structural
Code of the Philippines, there are three common used procedures for seismic design
lateral forces: Simplified Static Force Procedure; Static Force Procedure; and Dynamic
Analysis Procedures. In this lesson, Simplified Static Force Procedure will be discussed.
2. P delta effect is the secondary effect on shears and moments of structural members due to
the action of the vertical loads induced by horizontal displacement of the structure
resulting from various loading conditions.
208.5 Minimum Design Lateral Forces and
Related Effects
◦ In NSCP 2015, there are three procedures for seismic design lateral load:
a. 208.5.1 Simplified Static Force Procedure
b. 208.5.2 Static Force Procedure (Module 2)
c. 208.5.3 Dynamic Analysis Procedures (Module 5)
We will discuss the Simplified Static Force Procedure for this module.
208.5.1 Simplified Static Force Procedure
◦ Structures conforming to the requirements of Section 208.4.1. may be designed using this
procedure.
◦ Section 208.4.1:
a. The minimum design strength shall be based on the Design Seismic Forces determined in accordance
with the static lateral force procedure Section 208.5, except as modified by Section 208.5.3.5.4.
b. Where strength design is used, the load combinations of Section 203.3 shall apply. Where Allowable
Stress Design is used, the load combinations of Section 203.4 shall apply.
There are six factors that we’re considering in
this procedure:
1) 208.5.1.1 Simplified Design Base Shear
2) 208.5.1.2 Vertical Distribution
3) 208.5.1.3 Horizontal Distribution of Shear
4) 208.5.1.4 Horizontal Torsional Moments
5) 208.5.1.5 Overturning
6) 208.5.1.6 Applicability
1) 208.5.1.1 Simplified Design Base Shear
◦ The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined from the following equation:
where the value of Ca shall be based on Table 208-7 for the soil profile type. When the soil properties
are not known in sufficient detail to determine the soil profile type, Type SD shall be used in Seismic
Zone 4, and the Type SE shall be used in Seismic Zone 2. In Seismic Zone 4, the Near-Source Factor, Na,
need not be greater than 1.2 if none of the following structural irregularities are present:
◦ Type 1, 4 or 5 of Table 208-9, or
◦ Type 1 or 4 of Table 208-10.
SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS
Two sets of factors to cover different types of
structures:
• Ca = acceleration-based factor
• SHORT PERIOD STRUCTURES
• Cv = velocity-based factor
• LONG PERIOD STRUCTURES
• Factors consider seismicity and soil
conditions
2) 208.5.1.2 Vertical Distribution
◦ The forces at each level shall be calculated using the following equation:
where the value of Ca shall be determined as in Section 208.5.1.1.
3) 208.5.1.3 Horizontal Distribution of Shear
a. The design storey shear, VX, in any storey is the sum of the forces Ft and FX above that storey. VX shall be
distributed to the various elements of the vertical lateral force-resisting system in proportion of their
rigidities, considering the rigidity if the diaphragm. See Section 208.7.2.3 for rigid elements that are not
intended to be part of the lateral force-resisting systems
b. Where diaphragms are not flexible, the mass at each level shall be assumed to be displaced from the
calculated center of mass in each direction a distance equal to 5 percent of the building dimension at that
level perpendicular to the direction of the force under consideration. The effect of this displacement on the
storey shear distribution shall be considered.
c. Diaphragms shall be considered flexible for the purposes of distribution of storey shear and torsional
moment when the maximum lateral deformation of the diaphragm is more than two times the average
storey drift of the associated storey. This may be determined by comparing the computed midpoint in-
plane deflection of the diaphragm itself under lateral load with the storey drift of adjoining vertical-
resisting elements under equivalent tributary lateral load.
4) 208.5.1.4 Horizontal Torsional Moments
1. Provisions shall be made for the increased shears resulting from horizontal torsion where diaphragms are not
flexible. The most severe load combination for each element shall be considered for design.
2. The torsional design moment at a given storey shall be the moment resulting from eccentricities between
applied design lateral forces at levels above that storey and the vertical-resisting elements in that storey plus an
accidental torsion.
3. The accidental torsional moment shall be determined by assuming the mass is displaced as required in Section
208.5.1.3.
4. Where torsional irregularities exist, as defined in Table 208-10, the effects shall be accounted for by increasing
the accidental torsion at each level by an amplification factor, Ax, determined from the following equation:
5) 208.5.1.5 Overturning
◦ Every structure shall be designed to resist the overturning effects caused by the earthquake
forces specified in Section 208.5.2.3. At any level, the overturning moments to be resisted
shall be determined using those seismic forces (Ft and Fx) that act on levels above the level
under consideration. At any level, the incremental changes of the design overturning moment
shall be distributed to the various resisting elements in the manner prescribed in Section
208.5.1.3. Overturning effects on every element shall be carried down to the
foundation. See Sections 207.1 and 208.7 for combining gravity and seismic forces.
6) 208.5.1.6 Applicability
◦ Section 208.6.2, 208.6.3, 208.5.2.1, 208.5.2.2, 208.5.2.3, 208.6.4, 208.6.5 and 208.5.3 shall not apply
when using the simplified procedure.
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