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Working With HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to define the structure and layout of web pages using a variety of tags and attributes. Key HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, line breaks, horizontal rules, and tags for formatting text such as bold, italics, underline, font size, color, and alignment. HTML documents have a basic structure including <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags.

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PANKAJ BALIDKAR
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29 views

Working With HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to define the structure and layout of web pages using a variety of tags and attributes. Key HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, line breaks, horizontal rules, and tags for formatting text such as bold, italics, underline, font size, color, and alignment. HTML documents have a basic structure including <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags.

Uploaded by

PANKAJ BALIDKAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language and it is the most widely used language
to design webpages. A web page is a digital page which comprises of multimedia. A
group of webpages forms a website. HTML was developed with the intent of defining
the structure of documents like heading, paragraphs, lists etc. HTML defines the
structure and layout of a web document by using a variety of tags and attributes.
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension.

Tags

An HTML tag is a set of characters constituting a formatted command for a web page.
A web page consists of various types of tags to denote the various elements in an
HTML document, HTML tags consists of a left angular bracket (<), a tag name and a
right angular bracket (>). Tags are usually paired (e.g., <Tag>. and </Tag>) to
start and end the tag instruction. The end tag looks like the start tag except a
slash (/) precedes the text within the brackets.

Attributes

Some elements may include an attribute which is additional information included


inside the start tag. An attribute defines the characteristics of an HTML element.
For example, you can specify the alignment of text (right, left or center) by
including the appropriate attribute with the image source HTML code.

Headings

Headings are used to arrange the contents in a systematic way. HTML has six levels
of headings, number 1 to 6, with 1 being the largest. Headings are typically
displayed in larger and / or bolder fonts than normal body text. The first heading
in each document should be tagged <H>.

Syntax

<Hn> Heading/sub-Heading </Hn>

Where n is a number between 1 and 6 specifying the level of the headings?

Some Tags in HTML

Every HTML document contains certain standard HTML tags. They are as follows:

v HTML Tag

v Head tag
v Title tag

v Body tag

HTML Tag

The HTML element tells your browser that the file contains HTML coded information.
The file extension .html also indicates this on HTML document and must be used. It
comes in a pair <HTML> and <HTML>

Syntax

<HTML>

________

________

</HTML>

HEAD Tag

The Head element identifies the first part of your HTML coded document that
contains the title. It contains title tag. It also comes with opening and closing
tags <HEAD> and </HEAD>

Syntax

<HTML>

<HEAD>

_________

_________

</HEAD>

</HTML>
Title Tag

The Title tag contains your document title and identifies its content in a global
context. The title is typically displayed in the title bar at the top of the
browser window, but not inside the window. The title is also what is displayed on
someone's hotlist or bookmark list, so choose something descriptive, unique and
relatively short. A title is also used to identify your page for search engines.

Syntax:

<HTML>

<Head>

< Title >

DESCRIBE YOUR TITLE

</Title>

</Head>

</HTML>

Body Tag

The Second and largest part of your HMTL document is the body, which contains the
content of your document (displayed within the text area of your browser window).
The tags explained below are used within the body of your HTML document.

Syntax:

<HTML>

<Head>

<Title>

MY FIRST WEB PAGE

</Title>

</Head>

<Body>

________

________
</Body>

</HTML>

Paragraphs

Paragraphs may consist of a single sentence or more than one sentence including
punctuation marks and blank space. Paragraph is represented by <P> .......</P>
tags. End tag </P> is not essential to add as the browsers assumes the start of
paragraph when <P> tag is given.

Line Break

This tag is used to change lines with no extra blank spaces. It can be used for
short lines of text such as postal addresses. This tag is represented by <BR>.

Example:

National Informatics Centre <BR>

Chanakya Puri <BR>

New Delhi <BR>

Horizontal Rule

The HR (Horizontal Ruler) tag is a stand-alone, or empty document element that


allows you to add horizontal rules to your web pages.

Change the height of a horizontal rule

To change the height of a horizontal rule, the size attribute value in the HR tag
may be used. The value you set is the rule's height, or thickness in pixels.

Attributes of HTML:

Attribute

Description
Syntax

Width

To display the horizontal rule of specified width in pixels or percentage.

Size

It changes the height or thickness of the Size horizontal rule

Color

To apply background color behind the Color horizontal rule.

Align

To set the position of the horizontal rule. It takes three values: left, right or
center.

Note: Align attribute effect is noticeable only if the horizontal rule width is
less than the width of browser window.

Noshade

To display horizontal rule as flat solid bar rather than default 3D bar. This
attribute is used without any value.

Character Formatting Attributes

We use some specific formatting attributes to highlight words, phrases or entire


sentences in a paragraph or in a page. Some of them are as follows ?

<B> ... </B> This tag is used to set the text bold.
For example: - COMPUTER.

<U>... </U> This tag is used to set the text underlines.


For example: - Computer.

<I> ... </I> This tag is used to set the text italics.
For example: - Computer.

<SUB> ... </SUB> This tag is used to set the text in a subscript form.
For example: - 02, 2 is in subscript form.
<SUP> ... </SUP>: This tag is used to set the text in a superscript form.
For example: - In a2, 2 is in superscript form.

<STRIKE> ... </STRIKE> This tag is used to set the text in a strikethrough form.
For example: - COMPUTER.

Text Alignment

Paragraph, headings or other text can be aligned using ALIGN attribute. They can be
aligned in three ways:

v Center

v Right

v Left

The syntax for this is as follows:

ALIGN = "VALUE"

Where value can be replaced with left, right or center.

Changing Font Size and Colors

You can set or change the size and colors of the font as desired. It can be done
using <FONT>tag.

Specifying Font Size

To specify size of the fonts, size attribute is used with font tag. Normally fonts
are in seven sizes. It can be given a number 1 being the smallest, and 7 being the
largest. By default the font size is 3.

Example <Font size = "3">

Specifying Font Colors

To change font color, we use color attribute with the font tag. We can set sixteen
different colors to make fonts look attractive. They are <Font Color = “AQUA”>
Black
White
Aqua
Blue
Fuchsia
Grey
Green
Lime
Maroon
Navy
Olive
Purple
Red
Silver
Yellow
Steal
Magenter
Indigo
Hotpink
Greenyellow
Medium orchid
Midnight blue
Orange
Orchid

And so many other

Specifying Font Face

Font face tag is used to change the font enclosed within the <font> and </font>
tags.

e.g. <font face = "comic sans">

Example

<P> <Font size = 7 color = "AQUA" Face = "Comic Sans">

This is aqua color.

</Font>

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