Learning

FIELD STUDY 2 Episode Selecting Non-digital

or Conventional

FS 2 12
Resources and
Instructional Materials

To have a meaningful and successful accomplishment in this FS episode, be sure to

read through the whole episode before participating and assisting in your FS 2 Resource
Teacher’s class. Note all the information you will need and tasks you will need to do before
working on this episode.

Target Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Learning Episode, I must be able to:
 Show skills in the selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and
learning resources, to address learning goals. (PPST 4.5.1)
 Show skills in the positive use of non-digital/conventional resources and materials
for student engagement in teaching and learning.
 Demonstrate positive attitude towards the use of resources and instructional
materials.
 Use professional reflection and learning to improve practice. (PPST 7.4.1)

Clarify your Task

We choose the most appropriate or suitable resources or instructional materials based on
our lesson objectives or learning outcomes. Even when technology-based educational materials
abound, the teacher still needs to be competent in selecting and developing resources and
materials that are not ICT-based. Teachers should know how to be resourceful in tapping non-
digital or conventional resources and materials available in the area and situation.
Any book on educational technology or instructional materials would usually devote some
pages to Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience. It is a classic model articulating the different types of
audiovisual materials and how these audiovisual types relate to each other. Seventy-five years
ago, in 1946, Dale already identified ten classifications of instructional materials, which remain
to be relevant today, namely: (1) Direct, Purposeful Experiences; (2) Contrived Experiences; (3)
Dramatic Participation; (4) Demonstrations; (5) Field Trips; (6) Exhibits; (7) Motion Pictures;
(8) Radio/Recordings/Still Pictures; (9) Visual Symbols and (10) Verbal Symbols.
According to Dale, “The cone device is a visual metaphor of learning experiences, in
which the various types of audiovisual materials are arranged in the order of increasing
abstractness as one proceeds from direct experiences.” As such, the Cone of Experience can be
seen more as a continuum, not just a hierarchy. It is a way to see instructional materials in a
continuum from increasing concreteness in one direction to increasing abstractness in the other.
Jerome Bruner explained the three ways by which we can represent knowledge. These
representations are: 1. Enactive – which involves movement and physical manipulation, 2.
Iconic – which involves pictures and images; and 3. Symbolic – which involves symbols like
letters and numbers. Both the teachers and students make representations of knowledge. The
teachers, when they teach or impart knowledge, and by learners when they show or demonstrate
what they have learned.
Ideally, the more direct and real the experiences given to students to learn something, the
better is the opportunity for learning. However, it is not always possible to do so. For instance,
during the pandemic, all classes switched to flexible learning utilizing online modalities, TV,
Radio and printed modules.
As you work on this episode, remember you take role of an FS student now participating
and assisting the work of selecting non-digital or conventional resources and instructional
materials. You are not simply a detached observer, but you are now a participant as well. You
are more involved in the tasks, becoming more and more a teacher!
Be mindful that you are also developing yourself as a teacher-researcher. Always use your
capacity to notice what is going well? Or what can be missing; what can be improved? What can
be a new way of doing things? Then focus on finding out the answers to these questions. That as
a teacher, you can always find ways to do things better and more effectively. Also, aim to
develop the confidence to try and initiate to continuously improve your skills.
Revisit your infographics on the Dale Cone of experiences showing types of audiovisual
instructional materials and the selection criteria and steps in using instructional materials.
(Today, some of these materials can be described as multi-sensory, not just audio-visual.) They
will prepare you to perform well in this episode. Go FS student, go!
Revisit the Infographic/s
Participate and Assist
1. Consult your FS Resource Teacher about this episode. Let your teacher know that the task for
this episode is for you to assist the teacher by providing suggestions on resources and
materials that the teacher can use in delivering a lesson on a specific topic.
2. Request your FS Resource Teacher for a topic/lesson he/she will be teaching soon. You will
also need the learning objectives/outcomes for this lesson. Some teachers may instruct you to
write a complete lesson plan.
3. Refer to this guide points. Consider which ones are applicable. The non-digial or conventional
resource or instructional material:
a. Has accurate and meaningful content
b. Aligns to the learning objectives/outcomes of the lesson
c. Elicits student interests and engagement
d. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
e. Is developmentally appropriate
f. Fosters critical thinking/aesthetic appreciation
g. Allows collaboration among learners
h. Flexible for group or self-study
i. Time and cost-efficient

4. Fill out the table below.

Subject: Grade Level:
Topic:
Learning Objectives/Outcomes
Resources/Instructional What is the use or purpose of Explain why you selected
materials you plan to resource/material? Describe how you the resource/material based
utilize in the lesson. will use the resource/materials to on the guide points
attain the learning mentioned above. How are
objectives/outcomes. these criteria met?

Resources/Instructional What is the use or purpose of Explain why you selected

 Materials you plan to resource/material? Describe how you the resource/material based
utilize in the lesson. will use the resource/materials to on the guide points
attain the learning mentioned above. How are
objectives/outcomes. these criteria met?

5. As the situation would permit, try out the resources/materials with the students. Be sure to
follow the steps on using instructional materials found in the Infographics section of this
Episode.
Notice
After you participated or assisted in using resources/instructional materials in teaching-
learning, described what you observed and experienced by answering the items below.
1. How did you prepare for this activity?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how you or the teacher utilized the resources/instructional materials. Narrate your
experience as you participated and assisted.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What were your feelings and thoughts while you were assisting with the use of the
resources/materials?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Describe how the students responded and participated.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Analyze
What worked well during the activity using the resources/materials?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
What part can be improved?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What would you have done differently? What would I change? What make it better next time?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using instructional materials?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Reflect
1. How ready am I in selecting and developing resources/instructional materials in the teaching-
learning process?

2. What do I still need to learn to select and develop resources/instructional materials in teaching
effectively?

3. What can I do to learn more about and practice the use of resources and instructional
materials?
Write Action Research Prompts
This part allows you to synthesize or put together what you noticed, analysed and
reflected on to come up with a possible topic to explore for an action research.

OBSERVE
1. Doing this episode on selecting and using resources/instructional materials, what problematic
situation/challenges/area of improvement did I find? _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

REFLECT
2. List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenge/area of
improvement ________________________________________________________________
Resource or Reference about the topic Key points/finding in what I read

On what theories/principles can this problem be anchored? ______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What do I hope to achieve to address the challenge/area of improvement? What change do I
want to achieve? _____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
 PLAN
4. What strategies/solutions/means can I employ to improve the situation/solve the problem?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

ACT
5. If you will conduct action research, what will be the title (Base this on your answers in nos. 1-
3): ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Check for Mastery

Direction: Read the questions then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The Dale Cone of Experience can help a teacher be mindful of the choice of resources or
instructional materials in terms of ___.
A. Level of thinking
B. Extent of being flexible or fixed
C. Extent of being concrete or abstract
D. Extent of adaptation of modification

2. Miss Violo told the story of the Giving Tree in her toddler class. She used the book itself to
show the illustration to the two-year-olds and showed all thirty pages of the book. Miss Violo
struggled just to finish the book because the toddlers were not focusing. Some lay on the floor
stretching; others ran around the room. Which criterion did she fail to consider in choosing a
material?
A. Collaboration among learners
B. Inclusive and free of cultural bias
C. Student interest and engagement
D. Developmental appropriateness

3. For a theme on Careers, Mr. Menggay let his students watch interview clips of successful
people in business who were all males. The clips seemd to send a message that only men succeed
in the business field. Mr. Menggay did have any follow-up discussion on the clips. Which
criterion in selecting resources/materials should the teacher have considered?
A. Student interest and engagement
B. Inclusive and free cultural bias
C. Developmental appropriateness
D. Time and cost-efficient

4. Which of the following gives the learners the most concrete experience?
A. Watching a Theater play on The Death March
B. Listening to the teacher about the first chapter of Noli Me Tangere
C. Viewing a photo exhibit of the EDSA revolution
D. Independently reading the Biography of Andres Bonifacio

5. A teachers should consider all these criteria for choosing a resource or material, EXCEPT:
A. Aligns to the learning objectives/outcomes of the lesson
B. Is the most expensive therefore the most durable
C. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
D. Is developmentally appropriate

Work on my Artifacts
Attach pieces of evidence of what you accomplished in this episode.