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WholeLife - Halfpenny - HBM Prenscia - NCode UGM CAE 18

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155 views30 pages

WholeLife - Halfpenny - HBM Prenscia - NCode UGM CAE 18

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2018 

nCode User Group Meeting 

February 28 ‐ March 1, 2018 – Novi, MI USA

© 2018  HBM

HBM Prenscia: Public


WholeLife

Dr Andrew Halfpenny
Director of Technology – nCode Products

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
WholeLife Summary 20

• WholeLife represents a unified approach to fatigue.
• From crack initiation to final failure.
• First release specifically targeting welded joints.
• Outstanding accuracy over current methods.
• Particularly well suited to lightweight structures and thick welds.
• New DesignLife option for welds.

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© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
New WholeLife Glyph for Welds in DesignLife 21

• A new Unified Theory of fatigue developed with Prof. G. Glinka, University of 
Waterloo, Canada
• More accurate modelling of the complete failure process that leads to better correlation 
with test
• Uses standard seam weld modelling
• Ability to analyse the detailed design of individual welds
• Multiple failure modes may be investigated
• Efficient, only critical locations are analysed
• Supports multiaxial time based loading
• Residual stresses in weld may be included

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Fatigue – Initiation & Crack Growth 22

Total Life = Crack Initiation + Crack Growth

SN Analysis* EN Analysis LEFM

Total Life    Crack Initiation  +  Crack Growth

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Idealisation of a crack growing through a plate 23

Progressive crack growth: sequence of successive initiation failures

• High stress at crack‐tip causes slip planes and progressive weakening of the grain
• Stress intensity increases as the crack grows so failure of each grain occurs more 
quickly

• Effective radius of crack tip  grain size 

*

*

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Crack Growth Model  ⁄ 24

• Crack growth rate  ⁄ is a function of the 

Stress Intensity
Kmax
‘crack‐tip driving force’ Δ
Kmin Knxt

∆ Time

• Δ is a function of the ‘stress intensity’ and 
R ratio (after Walker) ∆

• is a function of stress  , geometry  , 
crack length  , and the residual stress field 
at the tip of the crack 

• is the ‘small crack correction’


1

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Universal Weight Function (UWF) Solutions 25

Y = f(geometry, stress profile)

• Transforms nominal stress into 
Stress Intensity (K) at the crack tip

• UWF applies stress profile explicitly 
of the geometry
(i.e. use a single geometry for any 
number of stress distributions)

• UWF can deal with complex stress 
distributions such as residual stress 
fields and crack‐tip wake stresses

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Cyclic Crack‐tip Plasticity Model  26

stress
Theoretical elastic stress K1 K3
Kmax

Stress Intensity
Crack‐tip opening
K2 Kmin
K0
ys

Time

2 x

Multiaxial crack‐tip stress profile based on Creager‐Paris law for blunt cracks:

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Cyclic Crack‐tip Plasticity Model  27

stress
Theoretical elastic stress K1 K3
Kmax

Stress Intensity
Crack‐tip opening Plastic energy needs
redistributing
K2 Kmin
K0
ys

Time

2 x

Loading

Crack‐tip closing s0

1

Unloading

∆ ∆ ∆
2∆
s 2 ′
Crack‐tip plasticity is based on  
Stress

multiaxial Neuber‐Ramberg‐Osgood  2 Strain
cyclic plasticity model with plastic 
redistribution: s3

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Cyclic Crack‐tip Plasticity Model  28

stress
Theoretical elastic stress K1 K3
Kmax

Stress Intensity
Crack‐tip opening Plastic energy needs
redistributing
K2 Kmin
K0
ys

Time

2 x

rf

Crack‐tip closing 2
Compression

s1
1 = 3
Crack‐tip plasticity is based on  s1 1 = 3
Stress

Stress

Stress
s1
multiaxial Neuber‐Ramberg‐Osgood  1 = 3


cyclic plasticity model with plastic  
s

redistribution: Strain 2 Strain


2=0
Strain

2

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Cyclic Crack‐tip Plasticity Model  ‐ Crack retardation 29

Current Overload Cycle

r1 r2 rf

sr

Compressive wake from variable‐amplitude loading
1 2
3 3
a a

Compressive wake from constant‐amplitude loading

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
WholeLife Weld

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Inputs to a WholeLife Weld Calculation 31
Applied load histories

Through-thickness Kt profiles

Membrane
Bending

Residual stress profile

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Kt Profiles 32

• Kt Stress profiles and Weight functions are used to calculate stress intensity factors
• DesignLife has default parameters based on simple weld geometry
Stress multiplication factor

Membrane

Bending Fillet weld profile:
Monahan CC (1995) Early fatigue cracks 
growth at welds. Computational 
Mechanics Publications, Southampton.

Custom routine:
• CSV import of profiles
• Python scripting

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Inputs to a WholeLife Weld Calculation 33
Applied load histories

Through-thickness Kt profiles

Membrane
Bending

Residual stress profile

WholeLife material data

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
WholeLife Material Data 34

Strain-Life (EN) properties LEFM crack growth properties


0.01
Strain Amplitude (uE)

R = 0.3
R = 0.2
R = 0.1

3
110
3 4 5 6 7 8
100 110 110 110 110 110 110

Reversals to Failure

Stress vs. Strain curve


4
110
Stress

3
110

100
3
110 0.01 0.1 1

Strain
b d

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Validation using SAE FD&E T Joint Test Data

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Description of SAE FD&E Committee Total Life Project 36

SAE Fatigue Design & Evaluation 
(FD&E) Committee

TOTAL LIFE FATIGUE PROJECT

To validate the Glinka methodology
2012

www.fatigue.org/projects/total‐life‐project

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
SAE Case Study – specimen loading 37

Constant amplitude
• 24kN,     R = 0.3
• 24kN,     R = 0.1
• 18kN,     R = 0.1
• 10.8 kN, R = ‐1

Block load
• 24kN, 
variable‐amplitude, 
block‐load

Random
• 24kN, 
variable amplitude, 
time history file

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
SAE Case Study – stress distribution and residual stresses 38

Comparison - Welded to Machined FEM Stress Distributions

• Stress distribution from applied 
loads

• Residual stresses in the welded 
specimens

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
SAE Case Study  39

A36 T-Joint Test Results

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
SAE Case Study – DesignLife analysis 40

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Correlation with Test – Comparison with Standard Solid Seam Weld Analysis 41

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
WholeLife vs Seam weld 42

• The standard seam weld approach uses an SN curve that represents the fatigue 
behavior of a typical weld.
• Using this “One Size Fits All” approach, this SN curve is purposely conservative to 
deal with the worst‐case welds.
• WholeLife has used the actual weld geometry, and crack growth properties to 
predict the life. This reduces the need for conservatism, resulting in a more accurate 
life prediction.
• This methodology has been demonstrated by SAE to estimate life within a factor of 
2.

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© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Demonstration

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
WholeLife Weld Demo 44

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Summary 45

• WholeLife represents a unified approach to fatigue
• Includes initiation and propagation stages
• Applicable to all fatigue analyses including welded 
joints
• Outstanding accuracy over current methods
40
• Particularly well suited to lightweight structures and  30
thick welds 20
• We have correlated this method to the SAE test cases 10
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© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Questions

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public
Dr Andrew Halfpenny

Director of Technology – nCode Products
www.hbmprenscia.com [email protected]

WholeLife V???.pptx

© 2018  HBM
HBM Prenscia: Public

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