6G Networks Sejong University (Dept.

CSE and AI)

IEEE CS BDC: Winter Symposium 2021

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies

S. M. Riazul Islam, PhD

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
Sejong University, South Korea

Date: November 14, 2021 @ IEEE Computer Society BDC

UNIV |
SEJONG CSE
AI
Dept. Computer Science & Engineering, Sejong University 1
Inside Sejong University (CSE)

To Be Discussed

Contents
6G Networks: Applications and Technologies

Trends, Services, and Use Cases

Concepts and Examples

Candidate Technologies
Spectrum, Networks, AI, Flexible Design & Computing

6G Research
Flexible Coverage

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 2

6G Overview Sejong University (CSE)

ITU-R References: 5G Recommendations

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 3

6G Services Sejong University (CSE)

Key 6G Services
XR: Combines VR, AR, and mixed reality (MR).
!16K VR requires 0.9 Gbps

Hologram will present gestures and

facial expressions by means of a
Truly Immersive XR holographic display.

A human-sized hologram: Several Tbps

Digital Replica
3D Hologram Display

Replicate physical entities: A user could

physically move within a remote site
Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 4

 6G Trends Sejong University (CSE)

Trends: Connected Machines

Machines will become dominant users

of 6G communications.

Machines (500 billion by 2030): Vehicles, robots, drones,

home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in
various infrastructures, construction machineries, and
factory equipment.

Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 5

6G Trends Sejong University (CSE)

Trends: AI as a New Tool

Application of AI in wireless communications holds the potential to improve performance

and reduce capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX):

 Improve performance of handover operation taking into

account network deployments and geographical
environments
 Optimize network planning involving base station (BS)
location determination
 Reduce network energy consumption
 Predict, detect, and enable self-healing of network anomalies

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 6

6G Trends Sejong University (CSE)

Trends: Openness of Mobile Communications

 Substantial improvements of CPUs and GPUs enabled

software-based implementations of network entities.

 This trend also makes open source software an

attractive option to realize network functions
promoting interoperability.

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 7

6G Trends Sejong University (CSE)

Trends: Social Goals and Mobile Communications

Governments and international organizations expect 5G to play a pivotal role in

ameliorating many social issues such as climate change, hunger, and education inequality.

Examples:
 5G+digitization reduce greenhouse gas emission by up to 15% by 2030.
 5G-enabled remote learning: Improved education equality.

6G mobile communications will play an important

role in achievement of UN’s SDGs.

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 8

 6G Use Cases Sejong University (CSE)

Usage Scenarios

5G: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC

6G: uMBB: ubiquitous MBB (uMBB),

ULBC: Ultra-reliable low-latency broadband
communication.
mULC: massive ultra-reliable low-latency
communication

doi 10.1109/OJCOMS.2021.3057679

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 9

6G Requirements Sejong University (CSE)

Technical Requirements Comparison bet. 5G and 6G

doi 10.1109/OJCOMS.2021.3057679 arXiv:2101.12475

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 10

6G Technologies Sejong University (CSE)

6G Spectrum Technology (1/3)

mmWave: 30 to 300 gigahertz (GHz) (wavelength: 10 to 1 mm)

Terahertz band: 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz) (wavelength: 1 to 0.01 mm)

In 2019, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened the spectrum

between 95 GHz and 3,000 GHz for experimental use and unlicensed applications.

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 11

6G Technologies Sejong University (CSE)

6G Spectrum Technology (2/3)

THz/mmWave/OWC+NOMA

Towards Flexible Radio Access Networks for Massive Connectivity in 5G and Beyond 12
6G Technologies Sejong University (CSE)

6G Spectrum Technology (3/3)

Inter-operator Spectrum Sharing: Allowing opportunistic use of the underutilized
spectrum by others.

Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 13

6G Technologies: Antenna Sejong University (CSE)

Novel Antenna Technologies

Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 14

6G Technologies: AI Sejong University (CSE)

AI in Wireless Communications

Optimizing distributed spectrum utilization

A lightweight distributed spectrum decision making
would be desired for the IoT frameworks whereby
each IoT device uses its own cognitive ability to access
the spectrum based on its historical, current spectrum
sensing data, and geographical location of the
spectrum sensing history.

Optimizing Mobility Support

Vehicular net, UAV, smartphones motilities brings
challenges to capacity, spectrum handoffs, cloud
connectivity, scalability management. Need to learn
the user mobility pattern and data traffic model for
RA.

Source: “Machine learning for wireless communications in the Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey” (Ad Hoc Networks, 2019)

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 15

6G Technologies: AI Sejong University (CSE)

Comprehensive AI in 6G

Local AI: Optimized modulation and coding

Joint AI: Handover optimization
E2E AI: identify or predict anomalies in
network operation

Edge Intelligence
FL: A distributed ML technique, a solution to realize
ubiquitous AI in the 6G networks.

Source: Samsung 6G Vision and arXiv:2101.12475

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 16

6G Technologies: Network Sejong University (CSE)

Evolution of Network Topology

Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 17

6G Technologies: Network Sejong University (CSE)

Special Purpose Networks / Sub-networks

Source: European Vision for the 6G Ecosystem

In-vehicle sub-networks can be

used for engine control, anti-lock
braking and assisted driving.

In-body subnetworks can be used for the

control of life critical functionalities such as
heart-bit or insulin pump in diabetic patients.

Sub-networks generally operate in a stand-alone

fashion but may benefit from 6G connectivity.

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 18

6G Technologies: Network Sejong University (CSE)

Cell-Free Networks

Benefit of load-balancing and interference mitigation

But, requires new random access procedures

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 19

6G Technologies: Network Sejong University (CSE)

Open RAN/Transport/Core
Flexible Transport
DU: Runs the RLC, MAC, and parts of the PHY layer. This
logical node includes a subset of the eNB/gNB functions,
controlled by CU.

Open RAN CU

Open RAN DU

Open RAN RU

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 20

6G Technologies: Network Sejong University (CSE)

Envisioned Differences in Network Architecture

Source: European Vision for the 6G Ecosystem

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 21

 6G Technologies Sejong University (CSE)

Split Computing

Split computing can make use of

reachable computing resources over
the network.

Can we develop Open source split

computing platform?

Source: Samsung 6G Vision

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 22

6G Research Sejong University (CSE)

Flexible Cellular Coverage with UAV-IRS

Toward Controllable and Flexible Coverage in 6G Using UAV-mounted IRS (Under Review)

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 23

6G Research Sejong University (CSE)

Multicast Relaying with Generalized Fading

Opportunistic Relay Selection over Generalized Fading and Inverse Gamma Composite Fading Mixed Multicast Channels (Under Review)

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 24

6G Research Sejong University (CSE)

RF and Optical Communications: Hybrid Approach

On Secrecy Performance of Mixed Generalized Gamma and Málaga RF-FSO Variable Gain Relaying Channel (2020)
Security at the Physical Layer Over GG Fading and mEGG Turbulence Induced RF-UOWC Mixed System (2021)

An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 25

Towards 6G Sejong University (CSE)

Summary Towards 6G
THz/mmWave/OWC+NOMA: Flexible
Spectrum

IRS/OAM/Meta-Antenna: New
Antennas

UAV/HAP/NTN: Flexible coverage and

ad-hoc

Open RAN/Transport/Core: HW/SW

democratization

Network Slicing/Sub-
networks/Microservices: Flexible and
Tailored services

AI: Flexible RRM+E2E

source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.12475
An Overview of 6G: Trends, Services, and Technologies 26
Comments! Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)

Discussion

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